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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Biological evaluation of 99mTc-ethambutol for early detection of tuberculosis infection in animal model Rizky Juwita; Sugiharti .; Yana Sumpena; Maula Eka; Sriyani Nanny Kartini
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 2, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Tuberculosis (TB) is the single most infectious disease, killing millions of people globally. Conventional modalities for TB detection many times the disease is diagnosed at delayed stage and can not use for deep seated infection. Therefore, research and development of 99mTc ethambutol to detect and locate TB at an early stage in any anatomical site have been conducted in PTNBRBATAN Bandung. The result of biological evaluation of 99mTc-ethambutol which studied in rat and mice are as follow, biodistribution study showed accumulation of 99mTc-ethambutol in thigh with infected TB at 4 hours post injection via vein with ratio 2.90 target/non target. Blood clearence studies exhibited 44.96 % of 99mTc-ethambutol remain in the blood within 5 minutes of 99mTc-ethambutol administration. Renal clearance study exhibited of 79.52 % 99mTc-ethambutol excreted from the urine after 24 hours. The images were acquired with a Gamma-camera at different time intervals 1.2 3 and 4 hours showed localization of the 99mTc-ethambutol in infected TB animal model. This study showed that 99mTc-ethambutol is a promises radiopharmaceutical to detect TB infection rapidly and has accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity.Key words : radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-ethambutol, imaging, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Production of artemisinin in shoot cultures of Artemisia cinairradiated callus Aryanti .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Artemisinin is an antimalaria agent that is only found in Artemisia sp. medicinal plant. This compound is occurred at very low level in that plant. Irradiated callus of Artemisia cinahave been conducted by the dose of 40 Gy to improve artemisinin content in shoot cultures. Regeneration of irradiated callus to shoot cultures formation has been successful in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium combined with Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 1 mg/g, Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) 2 mg/L and 15 % coconut water. Ten mutant lines of shoot cultures have been analyzed for the artemisinin content. The artemisinin content of mutant lines were higher than the original plant. The highest artemisinin content is 5 mg/g found in mutant line number 404, this line also has wider leaf area than original plant.Key word : artemisinin, Artemisia cina, shoot cultures, irradiated callus

BLOOD GLUCOSE TARGET ACHIEVEMENT AND ANTIDIABETES REGIMEN IN TYPE-2 DIABETIC GERIATRIC PATIENTS Budi Suprapti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 2, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading caused morbidity in geriatric patients. The prevalence of type-2 DM is more than 90% of DM population and increase with age, and half of those patients were geriatric. Blood glucose (BG) control is important for prevention diabetes complications, but attention must be given in geriatric patients due to the increasing susceptibility to risk of hypoglycemia. The aimed of this study was to identify BG achievement in diabetic geriatric patients and its therapeutic management. This study was done in Outpatient Geriatric Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya Indonesia in the period of March to June, 2012. The inclusion criteria were type-2 diabetic geriatric patients with/without diabetic complication that received antidiabetic therapy and had BG data. The results from 165 patients showed that BG target achieved by 53% patients, 41% patients not achieved the target, while 6% patients in risk ofhypoglycemia. Management therapy for patients with achieved BG target was done by (1) continued therapy as before, (2) increasing dosage regimen for patients with BG already in the target but still within the upper limit target or decrease dosage regimen for patients with BG in lower limit target to avoid hypoglycemia, (3) change type of medication for patients who experienced side effects. Meanwhile, from all patients that failed to achieve BG target there were some patients received additional medications and regimen changes, but the rest of those didn’t receive any additional medication or regimen changes, which were many of them eventually became one of the drug-related problems in this patient group. In conclusion, there were still quite large number patients that did not achieve BG target, therapy management changes were made based on BG profile and there were drug related problems related to dosage regimen that needs pharmaceutical care intervention

A REVIEW ON SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY IN DRUG DESIGN AND FORMULATION RESEARCH Vepuri, Suresh B; Anbazhagan, S.; Divya, D.; Padmini, D.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 24 No 3, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Supramolecular chemistry, other way called as intermolecular chemistry disclose the relationship of molecules with environment. It exploits while exposing the physicochemical phenomina that happens when two like or unlike molecules/ions/systems contact each other. Drug action involve the target recognition process and response triggered by the intermolecular complex of drug and target. Drug design therefore require in depth study of intermolecular forces that exist between drug and target. Formulation of the drug or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is also regulated by these forces. Compatibility and incompatibility in formulations are nothing but of the effect of the intermolecular forces on physical behavior of systems. Therefore review of intermolecular chemistry in general and its role particularly in pharmaceutical research is presented here for the benefit of the students and research scholars who aspire to work on interdisciplinary projects in the field of pharmacy. Key words: intermolecular forces, hydrogen bond, drug design, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), crystal.

Response to antiretroviral therapy undergone by HIV/AIDS patients Yasin, Nanang Munif; Maranty, Hesaji; Ningsih, Wahyu Roossi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 3, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

HIV/AIDS, with new cases thereof coming up year after year, is a fastgrowing disease. In order to inhibit HIV replication, ARV is administered to HIV/AIDS patients throughout his life-time. Continuous monitoring for the detection of its desired result ought to be conducted. This study is aimed to find out the response of the ARV therapy undergone by the HIV/AIDS patients hospitalized in a teaching hospital in Yogyakarta. Descriptive non-experimental design was used for the study. The data were obtained retrospectively from medical records of 71 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed descriptively.The research findings indicated that of the first-line ARV therapy, zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (AZT+3TC+NVP) was mostly used (61.97%). It was found that all of the ARV types used were in accordance with the National Therapy Antiretroviral Guidelines (2007) from Health Ministry Department, Indonesia. As observed further, 61 (92.80%), 40 (85.00%), and 20 (85.00%) patients had their CD4 increased; 66 (72.72%), 44 (75.00%), 24 (79.17%) had gained weight; and 71 (100%), 55 (100%), and 31 (96.77%) had survived the disease after 6, 12, and 24 months undergoing ARV therapy. However, the increase in CD4 after six-month therapy was not always attended by the increase in weight. To conclude, this phenomenon indicated good immune and clinical responses.Key words: HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral, therapy response, CD4count, hospital

Effect of agitation speed on morphological changes in Aspergillus niger hyphae in submerged fermentation system Hanggara Sudrajat; Fernando Da Costa; Juan Manuel Serrano; Garcia Domenech
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 19 No 4, 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The correlation between the agitation speed and the morphological changes occurred in the fungal hyphae during the production of tannase in a submerged fermentation system has been studied. Under optimal agitation speed, loose fungal pellet formation favored enzyme production. Based onthe SEM and TEM studies, it was found that there were significant correlations between the speed of agitation and the hyphal morphology including its internal structures, and the activity of enzyme production. This could be due to the excessive cell permeability related to abrasion by shear forces and also by oxygen limitation.Key words: Agitation speed, fungal hyphae, tannase, submerged, fermentation system.

EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWERS EXTRACT IN MICE Mallik Arunabha; Nayak Satish
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of Sesbania grandiflora on cellular and humoral immunity. Oral administration of the methanolic extract (200 and 400mg/kg) of S. grandiflora flowers, in mice, dose-dependently significantly enhanced the production of circulating antibody titre in mice in response to SRBC. It significantly potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Good response was also found towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay and prevented myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide drug. Aqueous extract at 250mg/kg dose level failed to show immunomodulatory activity but 500mg/kg of aqueous extract potentiated the activity however less significantly compared with both dose of methanolic extract. The results obtained in this study indicate that methanolic extract (400mg/kg) of S. grandiflora possesses potential immunomodulatory activity.

Medicine advertisements: evaluation and implementation of cema-community method Chairun Wiedyaningsih; Nia Primayani; Warastuti .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 4, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Non-prescription medicines are advertised widely to general public. These advertisements attempt to influence consumers’ choices about medicines. Since the advertisements rare to give objective information, therefore it may affect people’s perception and have potential harmful effect for public health. In order to improve the use of medicines by general public, the CEMA-community (Critical Evaluation Medicine Advertisement by the community)) was proven effective empower community in evaluating medicine advertisements. The objectives of the study, therefore, were to investigate medicine advertisements, and improve knowledge and skills of participants in critically evaluating medicine advertisements. Medicine advertisements running within the period of study were evaluated and analyzed according to the Indonesian legal requirements. Community empowerment to improve participants’ knowledge and skills was conducted using CEMA-community method. The method consisted of two activites, the first was a brief lecture and the second was small group discussions in a problem-oriented approach. Data on knowledge was obtained by questionnaire. Data on skills was assessed by the number of inappropriate claims they could identify the advertisements. All data was collected at baseline, immediately, and one month after intervention. Medicine advertisements in television media accounted for 15% off all commercials, with 21.53%; 17.98%; 14.17%; and 10.08% being medicine products for influenza, analgesic/antipyretic, supplement, and cough, respectively. Incomplete and misleading information mostly appeared in the advertisements. Intervention study showed that the average of participants’ knowledge in subtopic of medicine misleading was low and could be increased from 34.2 (pretest) with maximum score 100, to 65.3 (post I) and 58.3 (post II). Participants’ skills also improved immediately after intervention and this was maintained at the one month follow up (score means: 3.33; 26.67; 26.67 of maximum score 100, at pre test, post I, and post II, respectively).Key words: medicine advertisements, community empowerment, CEMA-community method, knowledge; skills

Effect of ethanolic extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) herbs on adult male mice permatogenesis and the thin layer chromatographic qualitative test V.S. Halim; C.J. Soegihardjo; D.M. Rizal
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 15 No 3, 2004
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Ethanolic extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) herb was often found in traditional medicine. However, the safety of the extract on man, especially related to the fertility was needed to investigate.For reaching the aim, the extract was administered to adult male DDI mice at three dose levels 11,25mg; 22,5mg, and 45mg/30g BW for 48 days. Effects on fertility were analyzed by histopathological evaluation of the tubulus seminiferous and the results were compared to Cisplatin as positive control for cytotoxic action, as well as to the negative control group. The results showed the damage of spermatogenesis in tubulus seminiferous, degradation and spreading of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonium, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid, spermatozoa), also the damage of Sertoli cell, lyses of lamina basalis and interstitial layer, and Leydig cells appeared intact. The damages showed that ethanolic extract of the herbs could affect spermatogenesis by cytotoxic and antimitotic activities. The damage of tubulus seminiferous at high dose may be irreversible.Thin layer chromatography result showed at least four spot of terpenoid compounds may be andrographolides. The ethanolic extract was more potential than isolate of andrographolide on destroying spermatogenesis tissues.Key words: sambiloto herbs, Andrographis paniculata, andrographolides, spermatogenesis, tubulus seminiferous.

IDENTIFICATION OF PENTAGAMAVUNON-0 METABOLITE IN FAECES AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF WHITE-MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY-DERIVED RATS Hadi, Feriyanto Trisna; ., Sugiyanto; ., Oetari
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 12 No 2, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The compound 2,5-bis-(4â-hydroxy-3â-methoxybenzilidin) cyclopentanone or Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) as the new anti-inflamatory drug candidate, is one of curcumin structure modification. Identification of metabolites in faeces could be strengthen the whole information about biotransformation of drug and could be use for studying on PGV-0 metabolites which are excreted through bile. Male Sprague Dawley derived rats were used in all experiments. PGV-0 was given intravenously using dose at 40 mg/kg BB. Then the faeces callected after 24 and 48 hours. The metabolite investigation devided into two parts, etil acetate fraction and water fraction, of faeces. The faeces which is excreted after 24 hours, found was more-polar metabolite according to PGV-0; it has shoft-yellow flourencese and having Rf value = 0,48 on TLC, using silica gel F254 as the stationary phase and etil acetate as the mobile phase. No PGV-0 glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were detectable in faeces, which are excreted on 24 or 48 hours.Key words : Pentagamavunon-0, biotransformation, intravenous, faeces

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