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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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The vasodilation effects of curcumin and its derivatives on isolated aortic of rats Agung Endro Nugroho; Djoko Suhardjono; Mulyono .; Supardjan A. Margono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 19 No 2, 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hypertension is a disease which need a complex therapy and high cost of drugs. This fact urge exploration of new antihypertensive drug. The aim of the research was to asses to look at the activity of curcumin and its derivatives bisdemethoxy curcumin and bis(demethoxydehydroxy) curcumin on the contraction of isolated organ smooth muscle induced by an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist (phenylephrine), and to assay relaxation effect on this organ. In this study, aortic organ represented a vascular system. This research was conducted using an isolated organ technique with isotonic transducer. The results have shown that curcumin and its analogs bisdemethoxy curcumin and bis(demethoxydehydroxy) curcumin could inhibit the contraction of isolated organ smooth muscle, and showed relaxation effects of this organ. The inhibitory effect on the isolated organ might be mediated by non-competitive antagonism mechanism on a1-adrenergic receptor, whereas the relaxation effects were suggested through nitric oxide (NO) independent pathway.Key words : curcumin, isolated organ, vasodilation, relaxation

Standardization of pegagan extract (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) based on siaticoside content using TLCdensitometricmethod S. Pramono; D. Ajiastuti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 15 No 3, 2004
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

In assuring people consuming herbal products of high standard and reliable quality, a standardization process was performed on an Indonesian herb namely pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) from Kaliurang, Boyolali, and Tawangmangu regions emphasizing on asiaticoside contents as its active constituent.Process of standardization was initiated by searching the best solvent for extraction. Water, ethanol 30%, 50%, and 70% were used for maceration of the herb. Asiaticoside contents were then determined by TLC-densitometry. The result of research showed that ethanol 70 % could dissolve highest concentration of asiaticoside from pegagan herb so it was then used for larger scale extraction of three different plant materials. TLC-densitometric data showed that asiaticoside contents of pegagan herb originally from Kaliurang were 0.98 ± 0.13.%, Boyolali were 1.34 ± 0.20.%, and Tawangmangu were 0.21 ± 0.3 %.Key words: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, asiaticoside, TLC-densitometry

Optimization of Theophylline Tablet Formula Using CoProcessed Excipients of Lactose and Avicel Hayatus Sa`adah; Achmad Fudholi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 4, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Tablet excipients in direct compression should have good flowability and compactibility. Improvement of excipients properties may be obtained by coprocessing. Co-processing is defined as combining two or more excipients by an appropriate process. Co-processed excipients of lactose and avicel, which were fabricated by spray drying technique, would be used as filler-binder in theophylline tablet formulation. The co-processed excipients were evaluated for their physical properties, i.e; particle size distribution, average diameter, density, flowability, compactibility and water absorption. Simplex lattice design was used for optimizing flowability, compactibility and water absorption of coprocessed excipients. The results showed that proportion of lactose and avicel with optimum physical properties was determined by the ratio 1:1 with a response of flowability was 8.79 ± 0.02 seconds, compactibility was 5.61 ± 0.08 kg and water absorption was 61.30 ± 0.40 mg/min. Superimposed contour plot of theophylline tablet formulation using co-processed excipients as filler-binder by factorial design was determined by the optimum proportion of magnesium stearate and eksplotab (1:3.74) with the response of hardness was 5.54 ± 0.042 kg, friability was 0.303 ± 0.015%, disintegration time was 1.83 ± 0.115 minutes and DE20was 85.66 ± 0.35%.Key words: theophylline tablets; co-processed excipients; lactose; avicel

Analysis of compounds possessing inhibitory properties on mice locomotor activity from essential oils of Ki Lemo bark (Litsea cubeba lour. Pers) Muchtaridi .; Anton Apriyantono; Anas Subarnas; Slamet Budijanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 1, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Ki lemo barks has been used as traditional spasmolitic (called oils of massage) since a long time by ethnic of Dayak. The odors inhaled is presumed possessing inhibitory on mice locomotor activity. The present research has been done to determine the components in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo barks, and the possibility of their role in the inhibition on mice locomotor activity.Inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers) at the doses of 0.5 ml inhibit locomotor up to 60,75 %, whereas at the doses of 0.1 ml and 0.3 ml inhibit locomotor activity of 57,44 % and 54,20 %, respectively.Identification and quantification of volatile active compounds in the blood plasma were carried out by GC-MS analysis after half an hour, one hour, and two hours inhalation. The blood plasma of three mice were collected in heparin tube, isolated and concentrated by the C-18 column (100 mg-Seppak Waters) eluted with methanol and bidistilled water (60:40). The major compounds identified were citronellol, citronellal, α-terpineol, and 1,8-cineole. The blood level of those substances was increasing for one hour after inhalation but decreasing after two hours.Key words : essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers), inhalation, locomotors.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GAMAVUTON-0 AGAINST D˗GALACTOSAMINE/LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE Arief Nurrochmad; Ika Puspita Sari; Retno Murwanti; Sardjiman .; Triana Candraningrum; Dyah Afritasari; Devina Martina; Iren Wati Siahaan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 1, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to determine the hepatoprotective effect of GVT-0 (one of curcumin analogues) against liver damage in rat-induced D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of fulminant hepatitis. In the study D˗GalN/LPS elevated serum GPT activity that indicate a particular occurrence of liver damage due to depletion of UTP and UDP-glucuronic acid. Administration of GVT-0 (10 mg/kg) showed decreased enzyme activity of SGPT/SGOT but had no effect on serum ALP and total bilirubin levels, whereas at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, the protective effect of GVT-0 was decrease. The glutathione content in the D-GalN/LPS (0.76 ± 0.07) mol/g liver content was found lower than controls (0.90 ± 0.03) mol/g liver. Administration of GVT-0 dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg restored glutathione content returned to normal levels. The results showed that treatment of GVT-0 showed no effect on TBARS and catalase activity. Treatment of D-GalN/LPS, indicating the trend of increased TNF-α, although statistically not significant, while the administration of GVT-0 showed a tendency to decrease the concentration of TNF-α. All findings of the results indicated that the GVT-0 mainly lower dose (10 mg/kg) showed hepatoprotective action in rat model of fulminant hepatitis induced by D-GalN/LPS. The results indicated that the mechanism of hepatoprotective effect of GVT-0 is not via antioxidant properties of GVT-0. However, further studies are necessary to explain the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective effect of GVT-0.Key words: Gamavuton-0, hepatoprotective, fulminan hepatitis, D˗galactosamine/LPS

Synthesis and gastric ulcer protective activity of chlorinated quercetin Gusdinar, Tutus; Herowati, Rina; Kartasasmita, R. E.; Adnyana, I Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Gastrointestinal toxicity due to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can be inhibited by the compounds that have antioxidant activity. Quercetin is a flavonoid that has antioxidant activity and protection effect against gastric ulcer. Chlorination of quercetin enhanced the antioxidant activity. This study aims to obtain the chlorinated derivative of quercetin and examine the protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer. Chlorination was done by the addition of chlorine at room temperature. Ulcer induction was carried out on rats by oral administration of acetosal. Incidences of gastric ulcer were determined by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Chlorination of quercetin with chlorine gas produced 6-chloroqueretin as major product. The protection effect against acetosal-induced gastric ulcer of this compound was higher than quercetin.Key words : quercetin, chlorination, gastric ulcer, NSAIDs

POLYMERIC MICELLES: POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES Deepak, Payal; Nagaich, Upendra; Sharma, Aman; Gulati, Neha; Chaudhary, Amit
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 4, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been the most popular and promising topic of many researches in the field of drug delivery and targeting for the past two decades. Polymeric micelles are the selfassembled nano-sized colloidal particles which are made up of amphiphilic block copolymers i.e. polymers consisting of hydrophobic block and hydrophilic block. In this highlight, we give an overview of the structure of micelles and polymeric micelles followed by a summary of the methods used for their preparation. We then focus on several kinds of PMs based on intermolecular forces such as polyion complex micelles (PICMs), non-covalently connected micelles (NCCMs) and recently developed smart polymeric assemblies which can respond to the application of external stimuli such as a change in temperature, pH, redox and light to afford novel nanomaterials. The types of polymers used in the preparation of PMs have also been highlighted so as to facilitate its use in drug delivery and targeting. These polymeric micelles nanocarriers have applications in drug delivery primarily such as anticancer therapy, to the brain to treat neurodegenerative diseases, antifungal agents, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery, ocular drug delivery. Targeted drugs will hopefully reduce adverse reactions by limiting their action to cancer tissue only. Finally, this review broadly presents the basic aspects of PMs which help in delivery and targeting of actives with its recent advancements and applications.Key words: micelles, polymeric micelles, block copolymer, stimuli sensitivity

Structure and cytotoxic activity relationship of curcumin derivatives on Myeloma cells Supardjan Amir Margono; Muhammad Da’i
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Curcumin is a compound having broad spectrum of biological activities for example as anti-cancer. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship of structure and the cytotoxicity effect of curcumin and its derivatives on myeloma cell line. Some alkyl curcumin derivatives have beensynthesized and evaluated for the activity on myeloma cell lines with direct counting method. The IC50 values for curcumin, 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-propyl, 4-isopropyl,4-benzyl, 4-phenyl dan 4-paramethylphenylcurcumin are 8.78, 3.45, 2.93, 2.18, 4.20, 3.87, >100, >100 μM respectively. Its seem that the activity of the curcumin derivatives is corelated to the stabilization of β diketone moiety and positive partial charge of those compound.Key words: Curcumin, myeloma cells, Curcumin derivatives

Synthesis of 2,5-bis-(4â€™-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone and 2,5-bis-(4â€™-chlorobenzylidene) cyclopentanone compounds and antiproliferative tests to HeLa cells ., Pudjono; ., Sismindari; Widada, Hari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 19 No 1, 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

2,5- bis - ( 4â€™-hydroxy-3â€™- methoxybenzylidene ) cyclopentanone com- pound was know have cytotoxic activity to Mieloma , Raji and HeLa cells better than curcumin. In effort to discovered new compound which have cytotoxic activity, it necessery to modify this compound by changing some group on it with lossing methoxy group, so was yielded two compounds, there were 2,5- bis - ( 4â€™-hydroxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone and 2,5-bis â€“ ( 4-chlorobenzylidene ) cyclopentanone. The synthesis was done by reaction between 4-hydroxyand 4-chlorobenzaldehydes and cyclopentanone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction catalyzed by sulfuric acid with methanol and 2-butanol as solven. The structure of product was characterized by spectra of Infrared and Massspectroscopy, then anti proliferation activity to HeLa cells counted base on IC50 values The results showed that 2,5- bis -(4â€™-hydroxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone (IC50 value : 0.656 mM) have higher toxicity than 2,5- bis -(4â€™-chlorobenzylidene) cyclopentanone (IC50value : 5.376 mM).Key words : Claisen-Schmidt condensation; 2,5- bis -(4â€™-hydroxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone; 2,5- bis -(4â€™-chloro-benzylidene) cyclopentanone; anti proliferative; HeLa cell.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM Sesamum indicum Priyanka Sharma; Renu Sarin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 3, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Natural substances have long served as sources of therapeutic drugs. Many substances have been derived from traditional medicines. The plants are rich in secondary metabolites. The medicinal properties of these plants have been attributed to the biochemicals present in the plant materials. In addition to their role in human and animal nutrition, knowledge of micronutrients and phytochemical composition is fundamental to the understanding of modes and mechanisms of action of medicinal plants in general. In the present investigation, quercetin and kaempferol have been isolated and identified from stem, leaves and unorganized cultures of Sesamum indicum and maintained by frequent subculturings on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (1962) supplemented with NAA+BAP(5.0+0.5mg/L). The study showed that maximum content of quercetin and kaempferol was observed in 6 weeks old calli and minimum in stem of S. indicum. The structure of the isolated compound was established on the basis of physical, chemical test and spectroscopic evidences.Key words: Flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, Sesamum indicum

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