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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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TASTE MASKING OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE USING DIFFERENT ION EXCHANGE RESINS- A COMPARATIVE STUDY Zainuddin, Rana; Kulkarni, Alpana; Chavan, Hemant; Patil, Gunjan; Zaheer, Zahid; Sangshetti, Jaiprakash N.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 24 No 2, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Taste mainly depends on the physiology, sensitivity and structure of taste buds. It is an important parameter in administering drugs orally. Bitter taste is a major limitation to patient compliance. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) is a bitter drug used in Alzheimers disease. Amongst the many techniques for taste masking, using ion exchange resins has been extensively reported. The technique of forming tasteless complexes with bitter drugs involves selection of most appropriate exchanger and optimization of complexing ratio. The aim of the present work was to select the best cationic exchanger amongst Indion 414, Indion 234 and Indion 214. All parameters were optimized to produce drug-loaded tasteless complexes. Complexation was carried out using batch process prior to which, acid-alkali activation was performed to remove adsorbed impurities from the resin bed surface and hence improve loading efficiency. UV-spectrophotometric method was used to determine percent drug loading. The molecular properties of drug resin complexes were studied using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Xray Powder Diffraction which confirmed complexation. Indion 414 was found to give highest drug loading and minimal drug was released from the complex at salivary pH. Key words: Donepezil HCl, Ion exchange resins, Molecular properties, Taste masking

SUN PROTECTOR FACTOR (SPF) IN VITRO AND THE PHYSICAL STABILITY OF O/W CREAM OPTIMAL FORMULA FROM THE PARTITION PRODUCT OF MAHKOTA DEWA LEAVES [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl] Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Marchaban, Marchaban; Wahyuono, Subagus; Susidarti, Ratna Asmah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The leaves Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) contains a benzophenoic glycoside (Phalerin) which is active for sun screen. Some formula and designed on the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method then its physical characteristics were investigated. The physical characteristics will be used to determine the optimum formula. In present study, the optimum formulation was evaluated to determine chemical stability and the in vitro SPF. The doses of partition product of P. macrocarpa was used 6%. The optimal formulation cream was determined by SLD version 9.0.1 with variety of Cetyl alcohol, mineral oil, and Tween 80. The difference of physical characteristics between experimental and software was analyzed using T-test, P= 95 %. The physical stability and in vitro SPF of the optimum formula was observed. he study exhibits that the combination of cetyl alchodol 9,71%, mineral oil 29%, and tween 80 3,29% was the optimum formula of o/w cream with the desirability test 0,924. The T-test result test shows that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) on physical characteristics between experimental and software prediction. During the storage, the viscosity, spread ability, adhesive ability, separation volume ratio of cream was relatively stable however the stability started to decline on the week IV in the extreme temperature. The SPF of the cream of the CFR, CPHR and CBZP partition were 21,32; 33,12 and 42,49, respectively.Keywords: Mahkota dewa, cream, optimum, SPF

IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC AND IN VIVO ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF Oncoba Spinosa ROOTS M, Prasanth Kumar; V, Suba; B, Ramireddy; P, Srinivas Babu
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 26 No 3, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The different extracts of O.spinosa (Flacourtiaceae) were screened for in-vitro antidiabetic activity. Of all the extracts tested, ethanolic extract showed highest alpha amylase inhibition ranging from 8.64+0.66% to 79.94+0.65% and alpha glucosidase inhibition ranging from 14.12+0.51% to 78.68+0.36% when studied at concentrations 62.5-1000Î¼g/mL. The ethanolic extract was subjected to antidiarrheal activity and diarrheal severity was reduced significantly by 15.81% in 100mg/kg group, 30.45% in 200mg/kg group and 74.37% in 400mg/kg group in castor oil induced diarrhea model. In castor oil induced enteropooling, the extract at doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg showed 33.46% and 42.44% inhibition of intestinal accumulation. In the charcoal meal test, the distance travelled by charcoal meal was significantly reduced by the extract at doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg (P<0.01). The overall results tend to suggest the antidiabetic and antidiarrheal activities of O. spinosa.Key word : in vivo, in vitro, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, O.spinosa, roots

Isolation of anticancer compound of Artemisia cina hairy root and its inhibition activity on cervix cancer cells. ., Aryanti; Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Mariska, Ika; Bintang, Maria
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 4, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The research of isolation of anticancer agent of A.cina hairy roots and its inhibition activity on cervix cancer cells have been conducted. Hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A4 and ATCC-15834 were then extracted by n-hexane and separated by column chromatography with variation of n-hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent. All samples include hexane extract and result of column chromatography tested to cervix HeLa Ohio cells with concentration of 50 μg/ml for hexane extract and 10 μg/ml for column chromatography respectively. The most active fraction was then tested by the concentration of 1 to 5 μg/ml. Confirmation of transformed root of A.cina was conducted by PCR analysis. The result of experiment shown that hexane extract of hairy root, normal root ( in vitro ), leaves of plant from green house as a control gave the inhibition value were about 84 %. The most active fraction from column chromatography was fraction E with IC50 at the concentration of 1 μg/ml and inhibition value was 95 %, the identification compound of this fraction was terpenoid group. The confirmation result showed that TL-DNA was transferred by 780 kb.Key words : anticancer, hairy root, Artemisia cina.

MUTATION INDUCTION FOR IMPROVING OF ARTEMISININ CONTENT IN EACH PART OF ARTEMISIA CINA MUTAN LINES Aryanti, Aryanti; Yuniawati, Marina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 3, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Mutation induction on Artemisia cina herbal medicine by gamma rays with the doses of 10, 20 and 40 Gy have been conductedÂ at PAIR â€“ BATAN. The purpose of mutation for improving of plant traits which were mutant lines more artemisinin content than control plant. The mutant lines interest were collected based on morphological characters (flowers, leaves, roots and stems). Artemisinin contents so far are only found in the leaves, the improvement are expected not only to increase artemisinin content in leaves but also in the roots, stems and flowers of A.cina mutant lines by mutation induction using gamma rays by the doses of 10, 20 and 40 Gy, every dose was selected 8 mutant lines for analysis artemisinin content.To obtain artemisinin from all selected mutant lines, flowers, leaves, roots and stems were extracted by using n-hexan, and then fractionation by ethyl acetate. Artemisinin content were analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and pure artemisinin used as standard.Â Mutation induction by the dose of 40 Gy have been improving dry weight of roots from 38.85Â to 76.19g, dry weight of leaves of mutant lines from 10 Gy irradiation was two times higher than leaves of parent plant, and three times by the dose of 40 Gy compared to dry weight of leaves parent plant, and no different by the dose of 20 Gy. The highest artemisinin content is 73.13mg/g in leaves of A26a3 mutant line and 36.68mg/g in flowers of A17.1 A.cina mutant lines, both of mutant lines from mutation induction by the dose of 10 Gy. Mutation induction by the dose of 20 Gy could improve artemisinin content in stems part of B12.1 mutant line from non detection in parent plant to 0.83mg/g. Mutation induction by the dose of 40 Gy improved artemisinin content to 1.90mg/g in roots and 1.50mg/g in stems of C27b1 and C8.3 mutant lines respectively. Artemisia cina un-irradiated as parent plant only contain artemisinin in flowers, leaves and roots were 0.13; 0.45 and 0.05mg/g respectively. Dose of 40 Gy is the best dose for enhancement of artemisinin content in each part of A.cina mutant lines.Key word : mutation, production of artemisinin, roots, stems, flowers

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF Dioscorea alata BULB Md. Anisuzzman - -; Md. Nazmul Hasan Zilani; Sharmin Sultana Khushi; Md. Asaduzzman - --; Md. Golam Hossain -
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 1, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antibacterial potential and HPLC analysis of methanol extract of Dioscorea alata bulb. Antioxidant activity investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of plant extract was24.99µg/mL. Significant absorption of extract (1.317 of 1mg/mL) showed the ferric reducing activity. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of myricetin (471.53mg/100 g of dry extract) in the highest concentration. Extract showed significant zone of inhibition in antibacterial activity test. The presence of myricetin along with other detected polyphenols might contribute to antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Key words: Total Phenolic content, Myricetin, Scavenging activity, Disc diffusion

OPTIMIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDE-RICH FRACTIONATION FROM MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L. FRUIT BASED ON IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECT IN VITRO Sasmito, Ediati; Hertiani, Triana; Kartika, Senda; Putri, Faradhyta Maharani; Setiawan, Vania; Narastika, Longina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 2, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Morinda citrifolia L. fruits are rich in polysaccharides of which are non toxic and possess hospes-mediated-antitumor potential. In Indonesia, noni fruit has been used empirically to enhance immune system. Previous research revealed that noni polysaccharide-rich fraction showed macrophage activity enhance-ment. This research aimed to optimize the method of noni-polysaccharides-rich fractionation using four different methods for polysaccharide isolation (method I, II, III, IV) and to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of the isolated polysaccharides on macrophages and lymphocytes activities. Immunostimulatory effects were examined on male Balb/c mice in vitro. The polysaccharides were evaluated by phenol sulfuric acid test. Qualitative methods were used to detect the phytochemical characteristic. Total phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau method. The study showed different methods resulted in different yields, phytochemical characteristics and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides-rich fraction. The phytochemical test from method I, III and IVb revealed the presence of alkaloid. Method II resulted fractions with the presence of saponin. There were no protein and phenolic substances detected from all methods. The highest result of polysaccharide content was found in method IVb (32.58%). Method III showed the highest activity on phagocytic activity of the macrophage, while method IVb exhibited the highest stimulation on lymphocyte proliferation.Key words: Isolation method, polysaccharide, Morinda citrifolia L. immunostimulatory effect

SELECTION OF pEGFP-c1-TRANSFECTED-CHO-K1 CELLS BY G418 DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN Endah Puji Septisetyani; Adi Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 2, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The most common proteins used for reporter protein is the green fluorescent protein (GFP). It is very convenient to detect the GFP fluorescent by fluorescent microscopy or flowcytometry to monitor the successful transfection. The gfp gene can be introduced into the cells by transfecting of two different plasmid vectors or one vector containing both gfp and the gene of our interest. In this current experiment, we used pEGFP-c1 plasmid to express gfp in CHO-K1 cells. We transfected the CHO-K1 cells by using cationic lipid Lipofectamin 2000. We used this study as a way for predicting our human erythropoietin gene expression study in the CHO-K1 cells. In this study, we showed that expression of GFP decreased after incubation of the cells in selection medium containing G418. Expression of GFP seemed to be stable after about three weeks incubation in selection medium. Recombinant erythropoietin was also detected in the day 20. Key words: Ctionic lipid, CHO-K1 cells, erythropoietin, G418, green fluorescent protein

GENOTYPE POLYMORPHISMS OF NAT2 AND CYP2E1 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY (DILI) IN INDONESIAN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 27 No 1, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Currently, Indonesia is in the fifth rank of highest TB prevalence over the world. One of the TB problem is low patientsâ adherence due to the oral antituberculosis induced hepatotoxicity. Polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes had important role in the isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphisms profile of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes associated with hepatotoxicity induced by INH.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â We used cohort design in Public Health Centers and Lung Clinics of Yogyakarta and Lampung. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (> 18 yo), newly diagnosed TB and treated by oral antituberculosis, normal function of renal and live and willingness to participate in this study. Subjects were excluded when having positive reaction of Â HbsAg test, history of HIV and abnormality of renal and liver function. The SNPs of NAT2 and CYP2E1 were designed using IPlex method of DNA sequenom.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Among 57 TB patients, we found 14 patients with higher INH serum concentration and experienced increase of ALT-AST. Subjects withÂ SNPs of rs 2070676, rs 1329149, rs 3813867, rs 6413432, rs 8192772, rs 2031920, rs 2515641, rs 8192775, rs 915908 ofÂ CYP2E1 Â experienced increase of ALT and AST. Subjects with SNPs Â of rs 1799930, rs1799931, rs1801279, rs1801280, rs1799929 , rs1208, rs1041983 of Â NAT2 are associated with the increase of ALT and AST.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The polymorphisms of Â CYP2E1 and NAT2 may have a role in the mechanisms of INH induced DILI.Â Keywords: CYP2E1, NAT2, tuberculosis, isoniazid, Indonesia

FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF PIMOZIDE: DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION Raja Rajeswari Kamisetti; Moses Mekala; Sudhakar Muvvala; Durga Bhavani Penmatsa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 2, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

As precision of dosing and patient compliance become an important prerequisite for a long-term treatment of Tourette’s syndrome there is a need to develop formulation for this drug, which overcomes problems such as difficulty in swallowing, inconvenience in administration while travelling and patient’s acceptability. The present work was undertaken with a view to develop a fast dissolving tablets of Pimozide using Kyron T-314 as super-disintegrant along with Avicel PH 102 as diluent by response surface method using direct compression. Drug-excipient compatibility studies were confirmed by FTIR Spectroscopy. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time and uniformity of content and invitro dissolution. Based on evaluating parameters, formulation prepared by using 4.5% Kyron T-314 with 11.5% Avicel PH-102 was selected as optimized formulation and Formulation (F3) had disintegration time of 7.63±0.25s. and percentage cumulative drug release of 81.60 after 10min. The formulations were further studied and confirmed for their stability. Hence it was concluded that direct compression using Kyron T-314 superdisintegrant and Avicel PH 102 was simple and economic technique which can be used for formulation of fast dissolving tablets of Pimozide.Key word: Pimozide, Tourette’s syndrome, fast dissolving tablets, Kyron T 314, direct compression

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