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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Tracheospasmolytic activity of vitetrifolin-E isolated from the leaves of Vitex trifolia L. Alam, G.; Gandjar, I.G.; Hakim, Lukman; Timmerman, H.; Veerporte, R.; Wahyuono, S.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 4, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

In searching of tracheospasmolytic active compounds from Vitex trifolia, we are now reporting isolation and identification of vitetrifolin-E from active fraction obtained from n-hexane extract of V. trifolia. Vitetrifolin-E blocked spontaneous contraction of male guinea pig trachea induced by histamine and was active in a model using sensitized guinea pig trachea stimulated by ovalbumin. Vitetrifolin-E inhibited tracheal contraction by 22.6% at dose of 1.3 x 10-4 M and by 86.1% at dose of 4.10-4 M. In a model using sensitized male guinea pig trachea, vitetrifolin-E also inhibited the contraction 83.5% (1.3 x 10-5 M).Keywords: vitetrifolin-E, Vitex trifolia, tracheospasmolytic

Profile of the antibiotics prescribing of out patiens at the private hospital in Selangor in the period of October to December 2004 Riswaka Sudjaswadi; Aslina Ashaari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 4, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Observation of the antibiotics prescribing of out-patients was carried out by collecting retrospectively all of the prescription received in the period of October to December 2004. Percentage of antibiotics use were obtained from the data. Kinds of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics, percentage of antibiotics prescribed in patent/generic name, and percentage of antibiotics prescribed listed in the hospital formularium, also obtained fromthe data.The results shown that prescribed antibiotics reached 19,54%. The most frequently prescribed were beta lactam derivatives about 58,16%. The ones were prescribed in the patent name about 93,71%, whilst in generic name were 6,29%.Based on the prescribing indikator, the use of antibiotics were lower than 22,70%, which were lower than the lowest value of the WHO observation. That could be stated that was a rational drug use. There were also supported data that all prescribed antibiotics in the hospital formularium list.The prescribing in the generic name was very small.Key words : antibiotics prescribing, prescribing indicator, out-patien

Effect of cengkeh leaves and kayu manis cortex essential oils blend as anti dental plaque Ardani, Marisya; Pratiwi, Sylvia Utami Tunjung; Hertiani, Triana
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 3, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Dental plaque is a mouth cavity health problem related to microbial biofilm, where Streptococcus mutans is predominant. Adding of essential oils blend in mouthwash has been reported to increase the dental plaque inhibitory activity. The essential oils of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) and cinnamon cortex (Cinnamomum burmanniNees ex Bl.), are known as potential antibacterial and antibiofilm towards S. mutans. This research aims were to reveal the influence of blending the clove leaves and cinnamon cortex essential oils in antibacterial and anti biofilm activity against S. mutans and to find out the optimum composition. Antibacterial assay was performed in nutrient broth media, on microplate flat-bottom polystyrene 96 wells. Biofilm formation inhibition and degradation assays were done in BHI + 2 % sucrose on microplate flexible U-bottom PVC 96 wells. Crystal violet1 % was used to stain the biofilm and Optical Density(OD) was measured at λ 595 nm. Simplex Lattice Design formula was used to calculate the blend optimum composition. TLCbioautography and GC-MS assays were done to revealthe active substances. As conclusion, it was proven that blending the clove leaves and cinnamon cortex essential oils increased the antibacterial and biofilm degradation potency, but reduced the biofilm formation inhibitory effect against S. mutans. The optimum composition of the essential oils blend was 27:73 (% v/v). From our results we suggest that the clove leaves and cinnamon cortex essential oil blend used in this study be developed as anti dental plaque.Key words : clove leaves, cinnamon cortex, essential oils blend, Streptococcus mutans

GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP), SUATU SIGNAL PENANDA QUANTITATIF UNTUK MEMONITOR PROLIFERASI SEL Puji Astuti; Leonore de Boer; Noelle-Anne Sunstrom; Peter P. Gray
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 13 No 3, 2002
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Banyak penelitian sel kultur yang melibatkan sejumlah besar sampel untuk dianalisis, baik yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan sel atau toksisitas senyawa terhadap sel. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) adalah suatu protein yang secara alami dapat berfluorescence dan banyak digunakan pada berbagai aplikasi seperti penanda untuk ekspresi gena, produksi heterologous protein atau monitoring efisiensi transfeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat akurasi, taraf kepercayaan dan reprodusibilitas GFP untuk memonitor pertumbuhan sel.Kurva baku dibuat dengan serial dilusi sel CHO-K1-EGFP dalam media 10% FCS di 96 well plate. Jumlah sel dalam tiap sumuran dihubungkan dengan signal fluorescence. Untuk memonitor pertumbuhan sel, signal fluoresensi dibandingkan dengan metode Trypan Blue Exclusion yang jumlah sel dalam tiap sumuran dihitung selama periode waktu tertentu (n=3). Untuk monitoring pertumbuhan sel, signal dari GFP memperlihatkan korelasi yang baik dengan jumlah sel dengan tingkat linieritas 0,9866 dalam kisaran jumlah sel 1250 – 1 x 105 sell/sumuran (standar error maksimum 11%). Metode ini terbukti memungkinkan pengukuran langsung signal fluoresensi sehingga mampu menurunkan kemungkinan kesalahan yang terjadi pada saat preparasi sel yang dapat mempengaruhi akurasi data yang diperoleh. Sekali klones permanen (stable clones) diperoleh klons ini dapat digunakan untuk banyak aplikasi.Kata Kunci: Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), Fluorescence, proliferasi sel, Trypan Blue Exclusion

Hesperidin increase cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells Hermawan, Adam; Meiyanto, Edy; Susidarti, Ratna Asmah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hesperidin,Â aÂ flavonoid,Â showsÂ strongÂ cytotoxicÂ effectÂ in Â severalÂ cancer cellÂ lines.Â TheÂ aimÂ ofÂ thisÂ researchÂ wasÂ toÂ investigateÂ cytotoxicÂ activitiesÂ of hesperidinÂ aloneÂ andÂ inÂ combinationÂ withÂ doxorubicin.Â CellÂ viabilityÂ assayÂ of hesperidin,Â doxorubicin,Â andÂ combinationÂ treatmentsÂ wereÂ carriedÂ outÂ byÂ using MTTÂ assay.Â ApoptosisÂ assayÂ wasÂ doneÂ usingÂ doubleÂ stainingÂ methodÂ using EthidiumÂ Bromide-AcridineÂ Orange.Â HesperidinÂ didÂ notÂ showÂ cytotoxicÂ effect but doxorubicin showed cytotoxic effect with IC50467 nM. Hesperidin (5, 50 and 100Â ÂµM)Â increasedÂ cytotoxicÂ effectÂ ofÂ doxorubicinÂ comparedÂ withÂ doxorubicin alone.Â TheÂ strongestÂ cytotoxicÂ activityÂ wasÂ showedÂ byÂ theÂ combinationÂ ofÂ 200 nMÂ doxorubicinÂ andÂ 100Â ÂµMÂ hesperidin.Â CombinationÂ treatmentÂ ofÂ doxorubicin 200Â nMÂ andÂ hesperidinÂ 100Â ÂµMÂ inducedÂ apoptosisÂ inÂ MCF-7 cells.Â HesperidinÂ is potentiallyÂ toÂ beÂ developedÂ asÂ co-chemotherapeuticÂ agentÂ forÂ breastÂ cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored.Key words: Hesperidin, doxorubicin, synergism, MCF-7, apoptosisÂ

Optimation of sodium citric and fumaric acid as acid sources in effervescent granule of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract by wet granulation Lestari, A. Budi Susiana; Natalia, Lisa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 18 No 1, 2007
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is one of natural drugs spread throughout Indonesia. Based on researches and experiences, temulawak has been proven to cure some diseases. This research applied combination of sodium citrate and fumaric acid as excipients to produce effervescent granule with certain physical characteristics.The aims of this research were to observe dominant factor and the interaction effect between sodium citrate and fumaric acid, to find out the optimal area of sodium citrate and fumaric acid mix to produce effercescent granule which fulfill the granule requirements. The research used factorial design method with two factors and two levels.The physical characteristics of effervescent granule, evaluated were moisture content, flow rate and time to disintegrate and dissolve. The results showed that sodium citrate dominant in moisture content and time, whereas fumaric acid dominant in granule flow properties. Under research circumstances, contour plot super imposed fail to show the optimum area for moisture content, flow rate and time to disintegrate and dissolve of effervescent granule can’t be obtain from contour plot super imposed under the research condition.Key words : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., sodium citric,fumaric acid, factorial design

Antioxidant potency of ethanolic extract of Kemuning leaves (Murraya paniculata (L) Jack ) in vitro Rohman, Abdul; Riyanto, Sugeng
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 3, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Antioxidants are the compounds capable to inhibit free radical reactions in the human body. This research was aimed to identify the antioxidant potency of ethanolic extract of kemuning leaves in vitro by using linoleic-thiocyanate and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) methods. The ethanolic extract of kemuning leaves was diluted in various concentrations i.e. 1%,5% and 10% and determined their antioxidant potencies. By using linoleic-thiocyanate method, the result suggested, that ethanolic extract of 1%; 5 % and 10 % showed antioxidant potencies and had significant different absorbances (P < 0,05). The antioxidant potencies of ethanolic extract with different concentrations were also measured by DPPH method and the result showed that ethanolic extracts of kemuning leaves revealed the antioxidant activity with the IC50 of 126,17 µg/ml, 15 times lower than that of vitamin E (IC of 8,27 µg/ml). The antioxidant activity of kemuning leaves probably due to the flavonoid content.

Apoptotic induction of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) isolated from Carica papaya L. leaves on cancer cell-lines ., Sismindari; ., Rumiyati; I.A., Ida Ayu Putu Indah; Enstini, Ni Luh Putu Yulina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 1, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Carica papaya L. leaves are potential for cancer treatment, this is due to the presence of Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), which demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. Therefore, this research was done to find out the effect of protein fraction containing RIPs isolated from C. papaya in the induction of apoptosis on cancer cell-lines (Raji and myeloma cell-lines).The protein fraction was isolated from Carica papaya L. leaves using ammonium sulphate precipitation and analyzed the activity on supercoiled double stranded DNA cleavage, in order to identify the presence of RIP. The active fraction called ‘CP protein’, was then analyzed on the induction of apoptosis by double staining method using acrydin orange-ethidium bromide, followed by analyzing the expressions of p53 and bcl2 using immunocytochemistry.The results demonstrated that the CP protein possessed cytotoxic activities on myeloma and Raji cell-lines with the IC50 of 1.80 mg/mL and 2.49 mg/mL respectively. Late apoptosis was detected on myeloma but not on Raji cell lines which was incubated with 0.9 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL of CP proteins respectively. In addition, the protein was able to increase the expression of apoptotic regulatory protein, p53, on myeloma cell-line and almost undetected on Raji cell-line.Key Words : Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), Carica papaya L. , expression of p53 and Bcl-2, myeloma cell-line, Raji cell-line.

PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF VENOM TOXINS AND THEIR POTENTIAL IN DRUG DISCOVERY Jeroen Kool
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 1, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Traditional pipelines feeding drugs coming to the market are declining. This is one of the reasons why nowadays the previously abandoned natural extract drug discovery programs are slowly coming back. In this scenario, small molecular metabolites from plants and single cell marine or soil organisms are gaining interest in pharmaceutical research again. Animal venoms are another source for finding new biopharmaceutical lead molecules and research interest in discovering bioactive molecules from venoms is rising. Venoms comprise often highly selective and potent bioactive peptides and small proteins for receptors and enzymes that are valid drug targets. This work discusses drug discovery research on bioactive compounds in venoms and gives older and more recent examples of bioactive compounds found in venoms from different animals. Common pharmaceutical targets that different classes of venom toxins interact with and information on developmental stages of several medicinal venom peptides are also discussed. Key words:venom, toxin, drug discovery, peptide, pharmaceutical activity

ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERFERON ALPHA2B ON ESTROGEN POSITIVE HUMAN BREAST CANCER MCF-7 CELL LINE Ratih Asmana Ningrum; Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani; Adi Santoso; Neng Herawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 2, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Indonesia is the top three countries with hepatitis and moreover has 40.000 cancer mortalities per year. Interferon alpha 2b (IFNα-2b) is a therapeutic standard for cancer and hepatitis B/C treatments. We developed recombinant human interferon alpha 2b (rhIFNα-2b) in methilotropic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. The protein was produced as extracellular protein with 24 kDa in size. This research was aimed to characterize the protein based on its amino acid sequence and to study its antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cell line. Amino acid sequencing by using MALDI TOF TOF mass spectrometry with trypsin as proteolytic enzyme identified protein as hIFNα-2b with 33% of amino acid coverage. The antiproliferative activity was determined by 3-[4.5-dimethyltiazol-2il]-2.5-diphenylltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Based on several studies about the synergistic activity of rhIFNα-2b with other anticancer drugs, we combined our rhIFNα-2b with tamoxifen (tmx). The growth percentage of the cells after being treated with 1µM of tmx at various concentrations of rhIFNα-2b was compared with that of untreated cell. This study showed that the antiproliferative activity was dose-dependently. Cell viability assay with calcein and ethidium bromide-based staining by fluorescence microscope confirmed that the rhIFNα-2b had ability to inhibit proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Keywords: human interferon alpha 2b, Pichia pastoris, antiproliferative and MCF-7

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