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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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SECONDARY BIOACTIVE METABOLITE GENE CLUSTERS IDENTIFICATION OF ANTICANDIDA-PRODUCING Streptomyces Sp. GMR22 ISOLATED FROM WANAGAMA FOREST AS REVEALED BY GENOME MINING APPROACH Camelia Herdini; Sofia Mubarika; Bambang Hariwiyanto; Nastiti Wijayanti; Akira Hosoyama; Atsushi Yamazoe; Hideaki Nojiri; Jaka Widada
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 1, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Streptomyces are a group of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria class, which are among the most important bacteria for producing secondary bioactive metabolites such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, insecticides and other high-value chemicals. Genome mining of gene clusters that encode the biosynthetic pathways for these metabolites has become a key methodology for novel compound discovery. Recently, we have isolated the Streptomyces sp. GMR22 from Cajuput rhizospheric soil at Wanagama Forest, Indonesia. GMR22 produced secondary metabolite that inhibited Candida albicans with IC50 of 62,5 μg/mL. The objective of this work was to reveal the novel secondary metabolites from GMR22 by genome mining approach. The antiSMASH 3.0 was used to predict gene clusters that encode the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in the genome of GMR22, and their core chemical structures. The pylogenomic analysis showed that GMR22 was closely related to Streptomyces bingchenggensis BCW1, as well as to the large genome size (9.5-12.7Mbp) groups of Streptomyces. AntiSMASH 3.0 analysis revealed that the genome of Streptomyces sp. GMR22 harbored at least 63 gene clusters that encode the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. It was the highest number of gene clusters had been observed among the members of Streptomyces groups, with PKS was predicted as the major groups of the identified gene cluster products. The results suggested that GMR22 could be a strong potential candidate of secondary bioactive metabolites source.

Antibacterial activity and GC-MS analysis of the Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk) Ochse essential oil Sri Mulyani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 3, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A research about anti-bacterial activity and components of essential oil from leaves and peels of Citrus amblycarpa have been done.The components of essential oil had been identified by using GC-MS and anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 had been determined with liquid dilution method. The component of essential oilfrom leaves that can be identified are β-pinene, linalool, citronellal, citronellol and geraniol, while from peels are β-pinena, cymene, limonene and citronellal.Oil from the leaves has stronger anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus than from peels. On the other hand oil from peels is stronger anti-bacterial activity against E coli.Key words : Citrus amblycarpa, essential oil, anti-bacterial activity.

Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract Tempuyung Leaf (Sonchus arvensis L.) in Gentamicin-induced Acute Tubular Necrosis on Wistar Rats Imelda, Imelda -; Achadiyani, Achadiyani -; Sekarwana, Nanan -
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 29 No 2, 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common histopathologic findings of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is marked by the decrement of glomerular filtration rate, causing waste metabolism retention (creatinine). Gentamicin is used as it is the most common nephrotoxic agent in inducing ATN. Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) has been used in folklore medicine to ameliorate kidney problems as it contains antioxidants, two of which are flavonoid and phenolic acid. Yet, these active substances’ benefit on gentamicin induced ATN has not been investigated in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze protective effect of ethanolic extract tempuyung leaf (EET) on gentamicin-induced ATN based on histopathological study and creatinine serum level. True experimental laboratoric study was done with simple random design on male wistar rats, randomly divided into 4 groups (n=4). Control group (CMC 0.5% aquadest); Induction group (Gentamicin 80 mg/kgBW); 1st treatment group (EET 100 mg/kgBW + Gentamicin 80 mg/kgBW) and 2nd treatment group (EET 200 mg/kgBW + Gentamicin 80 mg/kgBW) for ten days. On the 11th day, blood was taken for creatinine measurement and kidneys collection for histopathological study. Histopathological examination on gentamicin-treated rats revealed degenerative changes in kidney tubules. Aside from that, gentamicin-treated rats also showed increment in creatinine serum level. Conversely, simultaneous administration of EET with Gentamicin ameliorated the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin as confirmed from the significant improvement on histopathological changes and normalization of creatinine serum level. Co-administration of EET and gentamicin provides protection on gentamicin-induced ATN, based on histopathological feature and creatinine serum level.

PHARMACODYNAMICS STUDY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CYCLEA BARBATA (MIERS.) LEAVES ON SRF AND COX-2 GASTRIC MICE WITH NSAID GASTROPATHY Florence Pribadi; Suhartati Suhartati; Achmad Basori
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 3, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Epidemiology of NSAIDs gastropathy is increasing as increase number of usage. From arthritis to cardiovascular events and cancer prevention, the versatility of NSAIDs is not questioned. However, no dose of NSAIDs is safe. No matter low dose, or single use, NSAIDs will cause gastric damage upto 3-7 days after use. In inflammation and healing process of gastropathy there are various proteins involved, but treatment with COX-2 and SRF are associated with an immediate healing and better quality of gastric mucosa. Cyclea barbata (miers.) has been declared as functional food for preventing and treatment gastropathy yet, its mechanism of actions have not yet clearly discovered. Hence the aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Cyclea barbata (miers.) ethanol extract to COX-2 and SRF in gastric tissue, in time series basis. Laboratory mice was induced with aspirin to produce gastropathy and then treated with Cyclea barbata (miers.) extract for 1, 3, 7, 10 or 14 days. Gastric tissue then harvested and analysed with elisa procedure to determine tissue SRF and COX-2 level. Treatment was proven to increase COX-2 and SRF higher than control group. This concludes one of Cyclea barbata (miers.) mechanism for NSAIDs gastropathy is by increasing tissue COX-2 and SRF.

SYNTHESIS, COMPUTER AIDED SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 2/3-SUBSTITUTED-6(4-METHYLPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROPYRIDAZIN3(2H)-ONES, AND PYRIDAZINE SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE Asif Husain; Sukhbir Lal Khokra; Sonakshi Seth; Shama S Garg; Pawan Kaushik; Aftab Ahmad; Shah Alam Khan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The present research work involved synthesis of some novel pyridazine derivatives and evaluation of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals to obtain safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Friedal craft acylation reaction of succinic anhydride with toluene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride gave 4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1). The aryl propionic acid 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate yielded the pyridazinone derivative 2 and 3, respectively. Reaction of the compound 3 with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) produced the corresponding chloropyridazine derivative 4. A 4-hydroxymethyl derivative of dihydropyridazinone (5) was synthesized by condensing 3 with methanol and formaldehyde (HCHO). The compound 5 on further treatment with guanidine hydrochloride in ethanol gave the pyridazino-triazine (6). The synthesized compounds were investigated for their analgesic activity in mice and anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats. The molecular, pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated by Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer software. The results of in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that the compound. 4 showed maximum inhibition in paw edema volume followed by compound no. 3 while the compound no. 4 exhibited excellent peripheral analgesic activity (74%) followed by the compound no. 5. Compound no. 4 and 5 also showed good central analgesic effect increased the reaction time to 90 minutes. All the title compounds except compound 5 are predicted to be safe by Osiris online software and are likely to have good oral bioavailability as they obey Lipinski’s rule of five for drug likeness.

Hesperidin increase cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells Adam Hermawan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hesperidin, a flavonoid, shows strong cytotoxic effect in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to investigate cytotoxic activities of hesperidin alone and in combination with doxorubicin. Cell viability assay of hesperidin, doxorubicin, and combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done using double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. Hesperidin did not show cytotoxic effect but doxorubicin showed cytotoxic effect with IC50 467 nM. Hesperidin (5, 50 and 100 µM) increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin alone. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by the combination of 200 nM doxorubicin and 100 µM hesperidin. Combination treatment of doxorubicin 200 nM and hesperidin 100 µM induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Hesperidin is potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored. Key words: Hesperidin, doxorubicin, synergism, MCF-7, apoptosis

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FREE NICOTINE PATCH THERAPY IN A CHARITY CLINIC FOR SMOKING CESSATION SYED WAJID ALI; Sultan Alghadeer Alghadeer; Mohammed N Alarifi; Salmeen D Babelghaith
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 4, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a free nicotine- patch therapy for smoking cessation in Saudi smokers. A single centered prospective study was carried out in a charity clinic for smoking cessation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 31 subjects who attended the smoking cessation clinic from June 2014 to August 2014 were studied. All participants were male and their mean age was 31.1±6.4 years. The duration of history of smoking was 12.9±6.8 years. The nicotine- patch therapy outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks after using nicotine- patch therapy. At base line the number of cigarettes per day was 27±10 and carbon monoxide (CO) level was 20.2±8.3. The analyzed statistics revealed that there were significant decreased in the number of cigarette per day (p=0.001) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) level (p=0.001) over 6 weeks of nicotine- patch therapy. After 6 weeks of therapy, abstinence rate was 58 % (verified by CO level) and no serious adverse reactions were documented. The most common side effects were nausea, headache and local irritation sings. In addition, our finding revealed that smokers were likely to suffer from withdrawal symptoms following trying to quit. These withdrawal symptoms include sleep disturbance, loss of concentration and weight gain as well as irritability. Results of this study show that free nicotine-patch therapy is an effective measure for smoking cessation in Saudi population.Keywords: nicotine patch therapy, smoking cessation clinic, side effects

The effect of combination therapy of sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Tri Andayani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder that involves multiple pathophysiological defects. As the disease progresses, further functional decline in β-cell is apparent. In most cases, patients on oral antidiabetic therapy will require not only an increase in dose, but also the addition of a second or third oral agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of triple therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin, and acarbose in patients with poorly controlled glycemia. The study design was a prospective observational study in 49 type 2 diabetic patients followed in Department of Endocrinology RSUP DrSardjito Indonesia from May 2007 to September 2008. Patients with hypertension were included if their blood pressure was well controlled with antihypertensive medication. All patients with documented gastrointestinaldisease were excluded. At baseline and at 3-month intervals, levels of HbA1C, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, hypoglycemic episodes, and edverse event were evaluated. Fourty nine patients, 22 men and 27 women, aged 62.84 ± 7.85 years, diabetes duration of 11.92 ± 6.09 years were studied. The initial HbA1C level was 8.08 ± 1.89 % which significantly increased to 8.73 ±2.37 % (p<0.05). Only 32.98 % of subjects achieved target value of HbA1C (≤ 7 %). Fasting and post-prandrial plasma glucose values were increased from 160.39 ± 60.25 mg/dL to 170.71 ± 56.60 mg/dL and 210.31 ± 75.88 mg/dL to 218.67 ± 75.03 mg/dL respectively, but not significantly different. Acarbose was more frequently associated with flatulence (46 %) and abdominal bloating(12 %), metformin with flatulence (12 %), nausea (14 %), diarrhea (2 %) and abdominal discomfort (6 %). In conclusion, combination therapy of sulfonylurea,metformin, and acarbose in type 2 diabetic patients with poorly controlled glycemia can cause the additive risk of adverse events.Key words : triple therapy, glycemic control, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Formulation and Evaluation of Glipizide Tablets Utilizing Hibiscus Rosasinensis Leaves Mucilage Sanjib Bahadur; Amit Roy; Pragya Baghel; Ananta Choudhury; Suman Saha; Ranabir Chanda
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 29 No 1, 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

This research work aims to develop glipizide tablets using Hibiscus rosasinensis leaves mucilage. The mucilage was extracted by using double distilled water and precipitated with ethanol. The precipitated mucilage was dried and grounded into powder. The tablet utilizing the mucilage as excipient was prepared by wet granulation method. The tablets were subjected to various tests. The evaluatory parameters of tablets were found to be within the limits as per United States Pharmacopoeia NF 24/19. FTIR spectrum reveals that there is no incompatibility between the ingredients used. Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats using streptozotocin and effect of formulation on blood glucose level was determined. It was observed that the formulation could not sustain the release of glipizide. However, the glipizide release was retarded as the amount of mucilage was increased. It was observed that on the completion of antidiabetic study, the formulation could bring the blood glucose level to normal in group rats. However, the blood glucose level was still elevated in group administered with pure gliplizide. It can be concluded that HRM can be used to formulate glipizide tablets. The formulations with HRM shows better hypoglycemic activity and this may be attributed to antidiabetic activity of Hibiscus rosasinensis.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION OF LAMIVUDINE BASED ON MICROPOROUS OSMOTIC TABLET TECHNOLOGY USING FRUCTOSE AS OSMOGEN Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo; Surepalli Ram Mohan Rao; Muvvala Sudhakar
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 3, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The present study was undertaken to develop controlled release osmotic pump tablets of lamivudine a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using controlled release polymer hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMCE5 LV), MCC as diluent, starch as binder and fructose as osmogen. The coating solution of core tablets were prepared by using cellulose acetate,poly ethylene glycol 400,600,4000,6000 and acetone to quantity sufficient with sorbitol for different batches. The prepared tablets were evaluated for pre compression parameters, post compression parameters, in vitro drug release study and scanning electron microscopy study. Among the prepared formulations LF4 batch show 97.78% drug release in 12hrs.The in vitro release kinetics were analyzed for different batches by different pharmacokinetic models such as zero order, first order,Higuchi,Korsmeyer Peppas and Hixon Crowell model. Short term stability study at 40±2ºC/75±5% RH for three months on the best formulation was performed showing no significant changes in thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release.

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