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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PIOGLITAZONE SOLID DISPERSIONS PREPARED BY HOT MELT EXTRUSION TECHNIQUE Vidyadhara Suryadevara; Ashis Kumar Mehatha; Sasidhar R Lankapalli; Abhijit M Deshmukh; Laxmana P Sambath
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 3, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The main objective of the present study was to develop a novel and stable pioglitazone loaded solid dispersions with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. Different drug-to-carrier ratios were prepared by employing hot melt extrusion technique. These formulations were characterized for solid state properties by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and FT-IR spectral studies. Formulations were further evaluated for dissolution and stability studies. The aqueous solubility of pioglitazone, in present formulation was improved by the presence of both the polymers. Solid-state characterization indicated pioglitazone was present as amorphous material in formulation with Soluplus and polyethylene glycol, due to efficient entrapment in polymer matrix. The diffraction patterns of solid dispersion indicated the amorphous nature of pioglitazone in solid dispersions. The dissolution rate of all the solid dispersions was found to be rapid when compared to pure pioglitazone. Pioglitazone in pure form has very slow dissolution rate, when compared with the solid dispersions. Thus the solid dispersion prepared with Soluplus and polyethylene glycol would be useful for delivering poorly soluble pioglitazone with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate.Key words: pioglitazone, soluplus, solid dispersions, melt extrusion technique.

CHOCOLATE FORMULATION AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PEDIATRICS Mayank, Sharma; Kumar, Jain Dinesh
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 4, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

ChocolateÂ isÂ highlyÂ sophisticatedÂ andÂ infinitelyÂ aÂ versatile food that can be combined to create completely different taste and textureÂ sensations.Â Â TheÂ objectiveÂ ofÂ theÂ presentÂ studyÂ isÂ to developÂ aÂ palatableÂ chocolateÂ formulationÂ ofÂ Domperidone Â and CetirizineÂ forÂ pediatricÂ administrationÂ andÂ toÂ increaseÂ patientâ€™s desireÂ toÂ consumeÂ theÂ medication.Â InÂ presentÂ investigation chocolateÂ baseÂ isÂ preparedÂ byÂ useÂ ofÂ cocoaÂ powder,Â cocoÂ butter, lecithin,Â andÂ pharmaceuticalÂ grade Â sugar.Â ThereafterÂ drugÂ is incorporatedÂ to preparedÂ chocolate base.Â The medicated chocolate preparedÂ isÂ evaluatedÂ forÂ appearance,Â moistureÂ content determination using digital Karl Fischer titrator, blooming test, drug contentÂ determinationÂ & Â drugÂ excipientÂ interactionÂ byÂ differential scanning calorimetry.Key words: Medicated Chocolate, Pediatrics, Chocolate formulation

Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of substituted benzoylthioureas Tutuk Budiati; Suzana .; Siti Surdijati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Three compounds (i.e. benzoylthiourea, 4-nitrobenzoylthiourea, and 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea) have been synthesized from ammonium thiocyanate, substituted benzoyl chlorides, and ammonia as starting materials. The structures of sythesized compounds were confirmed by means of ultra-violet, infrared, magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflamatory activities by tail-flick technique and carragenan-induced paw oedema test respectively. Substitution of p-NO2 and p-Cl group to benzoylthiourea increased the analgesic and anti-inflamatory activities. The two compounds, 4-nitrobenzoylthiourea and 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea, were significantly more potent as analgesic but their antiinflamatory actvity was weaker than Na-diclofenac.Keywords: benzoylthioureas, p-Cl dan p-NO2substituents, analgesic and anti-inflamator activities

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF CERTAIN PLANT SPECIES DUE TO VARIOUS DRYING TREATMENTS Pandith Javid Iqbal
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 2, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Phytochemical analysis of the Indian medicinal plants to identify the therapeutically active chemical compounds in them and clinically testing for their efficacy and risks is an inescapable procedure, to provide new sources of natural products to the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the phytochemical screening studies should be concentrated on the hitherto unexplored medicinal plants for their medicinal values. In the current study the leaves of different medicinal plants like Achyranthus aspera, Acalypha indica, Euphorbia hirta, Lindenbergia indica, Parthenium hysterophorus and Pesistrophe bicalyculata were taken for the chlorophyll and carotenoid estimation by the method of Jayaraman (1981). The leaves of the following plants were allowed to dry in an oven at different temperatures, time period and freeze drying. Oven drying was done at 50±10C for 9 hours and at 70±1ºC for 5 hours. Results obtained revealed that both the drying treatments affect/decrease the chlorophyll content of all the six plants. The maximum effect was seen in Euphorbia hirta (93.97%) for oven drying at 50±1ºC for 9 hours. The minimum effect was observed in Parthenium hysterophorus (21.68%) for oven drying at 70±1ºC for 5 hours and Achyranthus aspera (11.56%) for freeze drying. The leaf preparations treated by oven drying was found to have lower chlorophyll and carotenoid content as compared to freeze drying which in turn has lower chlorophyll content as compared to fresh extracts.Key words: Chlorophyll content, Drying treatments, and leaf extract.

THE EFFECT OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE FEEDBACK INTERVENTION TO PHYSICIANS ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL Rita Suhadi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 2, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The study aimed to assess the effect of the blood pressure (BP) feedback intervention to physicians on the improvement of the blood pressure control of hypertension subjects. The study was done with controlled repeated intervention design. The adult hypertensive non-hemodialysis subjects from 4 Indonesian hospitals were included as intervention and control subjects. Outcomes were measured as the improvement of systolic BP (SBP). The subjects in intervention (n=385) vs. non-intervention (n=271) groups had similar age and proportion of males (p>0.05); proportion of cardiovascular comorbid 78.7% vs. 91.5% (p<0.01) and the baseline SBP at 144.1±15.8 vs. 139.6±13.8mmHg (p<0.01). The final SBP 138.2±17.2 vs.140.6±15.4mmHg (adjusted p<0.01); the difference between (∆) final-baseline SBP: 5.9±20.3 vs. (-)0.9±20.0mmHg (adjusted p<0.01); ∆final-target SBP: (-)6.1±17.3 vs. (-)9.6±15.5 (adjusted p<0.01). There were more intervention subjects with good controlled final SBP; odds ratio (OR) 1.4(CI95%:1.0-1.9, adjusted p<0.05). Based on the ∆final-baseline SBP, the ∆final-target SBP, and OR SBP reached the target; theintervention subjects had significant SBP improvement.

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Veerappan, Loganathan; T, Thirunala Sundari; N, Pradheepa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 1, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Antimicrobial activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum shoot extracts were studied on gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, and gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, and fungus Candida albicans. Disc diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and ether extracts of C. halicacabum. Ampicillin was used as reference standard at 10 mg/disc concentration. Extracts of C. halicacabum exhibited a significant antibacterial activity except the aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract was found to be very effective with maximum activity index (0.84). The ethanolic extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of 0.25 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, E. coli and Proteus vulgaris and 0.125 mg/mL against Candida albicans. The MIC of chloroform and ether extracts ranged between 0.25 and 1.0 mg/ml against the test organisms. All the extracts showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Key words: antimicrobial activity, Cardiospermum halicacabum shoot system, solvent extraction,.

NEW 6-(3-INDOLYL)BENZO[B]CARBAZOLES Mardi Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 12 No 1, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Some attempts have been carried out to synthesize polycyclic heterocyclic compounds derived from new benzocarbazoles (1). New 6-(3-indolyl)benzo[b]-carbazoles (2a) have been synthesised in good yields from the reaction of simple indoles and o-phthaldialdehid in methanol catalysed by p-toulenesulfonic acid monohydrate. Their precise structure were established by microanalysis, spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography of the benzo[b]carbazole (2a).Keywords: indoles, polycyclic heterocyclic compounds, benzo[b]carbazoles

A BIPOTENTIOMETRIC FIA SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C ., Harjana; Siswanto, Imam; ., Muzakki; ., Sumardi; Huda, Miftahul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 1, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A bipotentiometric FIA system has been developed for the determination of vitamin C. The systemÂ was a single stream manifold, which consisted of a peristaltic pump, a self made injector with internal loop and two Pt-electrodes connected to a PC by serial ADC or parallel ADC interface card. One of the Ptelectrodes was located in the injector before the internal loop, while the other electrodes at the end of the TEFLON reaction tube. The PC was supported with a self-made software for controlling the pump, signal acquisition, processing, and visualisation, and further peak determination, followed by calibration of standard solutions and calculation of sample concentrations. The above FIA-system configuration was applied to determine vitamin C by the injection of sample solution into a stream of potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution. The optimum result was achieved with knitted tube reaction of 0.8 mm i.d., 50 cm length, at flow rate 0,64 ml/minute, and consumed 3.6 ml of carrier solution per five injection, and gave linearity range at 0.001 â€“ 0.100 N vitamin C, with the coefficient of correlation 0.9999, RSD peak to peak better than 3.0% and the error of artificial samples were less than 3.4 %.Key Words : Bipotentiometric-FIA, injector with internal loop, module-program, vitamin C

THE USE OF GENERIC DRUGS IN PHARMACY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF YOGYAKARTA DURING MONETARY CRISIS (OBSERVATION ON MARCH 1997 - MARCH 1998) Andari, Irin Dwi; Wahyono, Djoko
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 12 No 4, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Monetary crisis that strike Indonesia had also impacts on health services either private or public services, including pharmaceutical industries. The industries had difficulty to find raw materials for production which in turn resulting in scarce and the rise of drug price. The situation could urged the patients to shift of using the patented medicines into generic ones which are relatively cheaper. The present study has therefore aimed to observe the usage of generic products before (March 1997 - August 1997) and during (September 1997 - March 1998) the monetary crisis periods in five pharmacies of Yogyakarta Municipality. The data were taken from the stocks units and from doctorâs prescriptions, which were then analyzed by ANAVA (p=0,5). Other data were also collected and analyzed descriptively from questionnaires requested to the a hundred of pharmacyâs visitors at the same periods as above.The results have shown that the number of generic product usage was not different between the two periods, except amoxycillin 500 mg, antalgin, dextrometorphan, captopril 25 mg, and glibenclamide tablets. The respondents have revealed that they have information on generic products (91%) from mostly mass media (44%). As many as 39 % of them assume that the generic products are cheaper than of patented products and it has the same effect.Key words : monetary crisis, generic product, pharmacies

CAPABILITY OF WATER AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FRACTIONS OF BENALU (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) LEAVES TO DISSOLVE CALCIUM KIDNEY STONE IN VITRO, DETERMINED USING FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION METHOD Sasmito .; Darsono .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 12 No 4, 2001
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Kidney stone disease is common among Indonesian. Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq grow on petai (Lauchaena glauca L.), a plant parasite has yet been used as traditional medicine to treat, especially, kidney stone disiase. Fat free Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq leaves powder was macerated using ethanol (70%) followed by ethyl acetate. The compound content in water and ethyl acetate fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using cellulose as the stationary phase and a mixture of butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5) as mobile phase. The TLC data showed that water and ethyl acetate fractions contained flavonoid compounds. Kidney stone was analyzed using Infra Red Spectrophotometer to identify its chemical contents. The result showed that the kidney stone consisted of calcium and magnesium carbonate/phosphate. The Fast Neutron Activation analysis was utilised to determine the solubility of kidney stone. The result demonstrated that the maximum solubility of kidney stone was achieved in water fraction with the concentration of 90 % or in ethyl acetate fraction with the concentration of 70 %. The solubility of kidney stone in water fraction was higher than that in ethyl acetate fraction. Key word : Kidney stone, Dendrophthoe pentandra, Water fraction, Ethyl acetat fraction.

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