Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Synthesis and Characterization of SRF Fertilizer using a Mixture of Urea and Bentonite Clays K. R. Pangestu; P. Suarya; I. A. G. Widihati
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p01

Penggunaan pupuk nitrogen secara berlebihan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan serta merusak kondisi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pupuk slow release fertilizer (SRF) mengunakan formula campuran lempung bentonit dengan urea. Sintesis pupuk SRF mengunakan metode pencampuran padat-cair dengan mengelusikan senyawa urea ke dalam 20 g lempung bentonit dengan variasi massa urea sebesar 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 g. Karakterisasi terhadap hasil sintesis pupuk SRF dilakukan dengan FTIR dan metode Kjeldahl. Spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya vibrasi dari gugus fungsi N-H, C=O, dan C-N yang menjadi penyusun pupuk urea pada bilangan gelombang 3506.59, 1691.57, dan 1176.58. Kadar nitrogen yang terkandung dalam pupuk SRF di analisis dengan metode Kjeldhal dan didapatkan kadar nitrogen tertinggi sebesar 13.35 g/100g, dengan komposisi lempung bentonit 20 g dan 50 g pupuk urea. Kata kunci: lempung bentonit, slow release fertilizer, urea. ABSTRACT Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental pollution and damages soil conditions. This research aimed to synthesis a slow release fertilizer (SRF) using a mixture of bentonite clay with urea. The synthesis of SRF using the solid –liquid method was carried out by eluting the urea fertilizer in the 20 g of bentonite clay with various masses of urea of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g. The characterization of the SRF was done by FTIR and Kjeldhal methods. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of vibration of N-H, C=O, and C-N functional groups, which indicated the urea constituents, at the wave number of 3506.59, 1691.57, and 1176.58 cm-1. The nitrogen content in the SRF analyzed by the Kjeldhal method resulted in the highest value of 13.35 g/100g prepared with a composition of 20 g of bentonite clay and 50 g of urea fertilizer. Keywords: bentonite clay, slow release fertilizer, urea.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANT DAN ANTIBAKTERI (Staphylococus epidermidis) EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum dealbatum ) TANAMAN KHAS LOMBOK M. Azim; P. Hariadi; T. Yuliana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p11

Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) merupakan tanaman merumpun yang masih jarang dieksplorasi serta masih jarang digali aktivitasnya. Tanaman yang masih tergolong sebagai famili zingiberaceae ini memungkinkan dapat digali sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit renggak serta analisis fitokimia dari tanaman tersebut. Ekstraki dilakukan menggunakan pelarut metanol sementara aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstraknya dilakukan terhadap Staphylococus epidermidis dengan metode sumuran difusi agar dengan media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasil analisis antibakteri didapatkan zona hambat terbaik dengan konsentrasi 50% sebesar 17,65 mm sebagai konsentrasi terbaik. Sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit renggak menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 244,904 µg/ml. . Hasil analisis fitokimia dari ekstrak kulit renggak mengandung, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Renggak masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih dalam lagi termasuk isolasi senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Kata kunci: amomum dealbatum roxb, antibakteri, antioksidan, ekstrak kulit renggak. ABSTRACT Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) is a clumping plant rarely explored in their activities. This plant, classified as the Zingiberaceae family, allows it to be explored as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this research was to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak as well as the phytochemical analysis of the extract. Extraction was carried out using methanol as the solvent while antioxidant activity was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative DPPH methods. The antibacterial activity test of the extract was investigated on Staphylococcus epidermidis using the agar diffusion well method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The results of the antibacterial analysis obtained 17.65 mm of the inhibition zone with an optimum concentration of 50%. While the antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak showed an IC50 value of 244.904 µg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Renggak still needs to be explored further, including the isolation of compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidants. Keywords: amomum dealbatum Roxb, antibacterial, antioxidant, peel extract of renggak.

Comparison Of Fatty Acid Extraction Methods With Soxhlet and Maceration in Coffee Powder N. T. Berghuis; P. Maulana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p06

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi asam lemak pada bubuk kopi dengan metode sokhletasi (S) dan maserasi (M) terhadap ampas serta bubuk kopi sehingga menghasilkan minyak kopi. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah membandingkan prosentase kelimpahan asam lemak di dalam bubuk kopi melalui perbandingan metode ekstraksi. Perhitungan yang dilakukan diantaranya adalah %rendemen, %Asam lemak bebas (ALB). Sedangkan karakterisasi produk hasil ekstraksi dilakukan dengan analisis KLT, spektroskopi FTIR serta analisis GC-MS. Hasil rendemen yang didapatkan pada sampel S (sokletasi ampas kopi), M1 (maserasi ampas kopi , dan M2 (maserasi bubuk kopi) berurutan adalah 18,69%; 5,62%; 5,95%. Sedangkan hasil analisis GC-MS didapatkan % kelimpahan asam lemak oleat dan palmitat secara berurutan pada sampel M1 adalah 18%; 82%. Untuk sampel M2 adalah 71,7%; 16,6%. Untuk sampel S adalah 54,6%; 45,4%. Sedangkan %ALB pada sampel M1, M2, dan S secara berturut adalah 29,3%; 1,1%; 3,2%. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan interaksi vibrasi yang muncul pada semua sampel adalah vibrasi tekuk ikatan C=C alkena (722 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C-O alkohol tersier (1163 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk ikatan CH alkana (1460 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C=O karboksilat (1744 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan CH alkana (2926 cm-1), dan vibrasi Streching ikatan O-H asam karboksilat (3007 cm-1). Kata Kunci: ekstraksi, bubuk kopi, GC-MS, maserasi, soklet. ABSTRACT In this study, the extraction of fatty acids in coffee powder by soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) methods was carried out to produce coffee oil. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of fatty acid abundance in coffee grounds through a comparison of extraction methods. The calculations performed including % yield and % free fatty acids (ALB). Meanwhile, the characterization of the extracted product was carried out by TLC analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis. The yield obtained for the samples S, M1, and M2 was 18.69%; 5.62%; 5.95%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis results showed that the percentage of abundance of the oleic and palmitic fatty acids in the sample M1 was 18% and 82%, in the sample M2 was 71.7% and 16.6%, as well as in the sample S was 54.6% and 45.4% , respectively. While the percentage of ALB on samples M1, M2, and S was 29.3%; 1.1%; 3.2%, respectively. FTIR characterization showed that the vibrational interaction appeared in all samples were the bending vibration of the C=C alkene bond (722 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the tertiary CO alcohol bond (1163 cm-1), the bending vibration of the CH alkane bond (1460 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the C=O carboxylate bond (1744 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the CH alkane bond (2926 cm-1), and the stretching vibration of the OH bond of the carboxylic acid (3007 cm-1). Keywords: extraction, coffee powder, GC-MS, maceration, soxhlet.

GREEN SINTESIS OKSIDA GRAFENA TEREDUKSI DARI ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN KAYU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REDUKTOR RAMAH LINGKUNGAN ASAM L-ASKORBAT N. A. Putri; U. Hikmah; A. Prasetyo
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p12

Material oksida grafena tereduksi (rGO) dilaporkan mempunyai beberapa sifat menarik dan salah satu metode sintesisnya adalah metode kimia yang dapat menggunakan prekursor bahan alam yaitu arang. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis rGO dari bahan arang tempurung kelapa dan arang kayu dengan menggunakan metode Hummer termodifikasi dengan menggunakan osidator kuat KMnO4, campuran H2SO4/H3PO4 (9:1) dan asam L-askorbat sebagai reduktor. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektroskopi Raman dan infra merah, sedangkan sifat fisis yang diukur adalah konduktivitas listriknya. Spektra Raman prekursor arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu dan produk rGO menunjukkan puncak khas dari pita D (modus vibrasi yang berkaitan dengan defek pada struktur grafitik) pada bilangan gelombang ~1340 cm-1 dan G (modus vibrasi berkaitan dengan struktur normal grafit) pada bilangan gelombang ~1590 cm-1. Spektra Raman produk rGO mempunyai kesesuaian dengan pola spektra Raman yang telah dilaporkan oleh peneliti lain yang menindikasikan bahwa rGO sudah terbentuk. Nilai rasio intensitas vibrasi Raman pita D dan pita G (ID/IG) produk rGO dari (a) arang tempurung kelapa sebesar 2,471dan (b) arang kayu sebesar 2,001. Rasio ID/IG yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa struktur produk rGO mempunyai defek yang besar yang disebabkan karena kandungan pengotor (senyawa karbon berstrukur grafitik) masih banyak. Spektrum IR arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu, produk rGO menunjukkan puncak IR pada bilangan gelombang ~1060 (modus vibrasi C-O), ~1502 (modus vibrasi C=C), ~1702 (modus vibrasi C=O), dan ~3244 (modus vibrasi O-H) cm-1. Modus vibrasi IR yang teridentifikasi merupakan gugus fungsi dari produk rGO. Hasil pengukuran konduktivitas listrik menunjukkan bahwa nilai konduktivitas listrik dari rGO arang tempurung kelapa, dan rGO arang kayu masing-masing adalah 2,148x10-7 dan 1,806x10-5 S/cm. Nilai konduktivitas yang diperoleh masih rendah yang dimungkinkan karena sampel yang diperoleh masih banyak mengandung pengotor. Kata kunci: arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu, rGO, asam L-askorbat. ABSTRACT Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material is reported to have several interesting properties and one of the synthesis methods is a chemical method that can use natural material precursors, i.e. charcoal. In this study, the synthesis of rGO from coconut shell charcoal and sengon (Albizia chinensis) wood charcoal via the modified Hummer method using the strong oxidizing agent KMnO4, a mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 (9:1) and L-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The results of the synthesis were characterized using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, while one of the physical properties measured was the electrical conductivity. The Raman spectra of coconut shell charcoal, wood charcoal, and rGO products showed the D band (The vibration mode corresponds to defects in the graphic structure) at wavenumber ~1340 cm-1) and the G band (The vibrational mode corresponds to the normal structure of graphite) at wavenumber ~1590 cm-1, and the type of Raman spectra of rGO products was in agreement with the Raman spectrum pattern that previously reported by other researchers. The ratio of the Raman vibration intensity of the D band and G band (ID/IG) of rGO products from (a) coconut shell charcoal was 2.471, and (b) wood charcoal was 2.001. The ratio ID/IG rGO product obtained showed that the structure of the rGO product had a large defect due to impurities (carbon material with graphitic structure) compounds). The IR spectrum of coconut shell charcoal, wood charcoal, and rGO products showed IR peaks at wavenumbers ~1060 (C-O vibrations), ~1502 (C=C vibrations), ~1702 (C=O vibrations), and ~3244 (O-H vibrations) cm-1. The identified IR vibration mode was the functional group of the rGO product. The results of the electrical conductivity measurement showed that the electrical conductivity of coconut shell charcoal rGO and wood charcoal rGO was 2.148x10-7 S/cm, and 1.806x10-5 S/cm, respectively. The conductivity value obtained was still low which was possible because the sample product still contained many impurities. Keywords: acid L-ascorbate, coconut shell charcoal, rGO, wood charcoal

KONSENTRASI LOGAM Pb DAN Cd DALAM BUAH JERUK SERTA BIOAVAILABILITASNYA DALAM TANAH PERKEBUNAN JERUK DI DAERAH KINTAMANI I M. Siaka; N. K. Ermin; M. Manurung
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p02

Kintamani dikenal sebagai pusat penghasil buah jeruk siam di Bali. Berbagai usaha dilakukan oleh para petani untuk meningkatkan produksi buah jeruk siam tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan mengaplikasikan agrokimia. Akan tetapi, penggunaan agrokimia secara intensif tanpa kontrol yang memadai, dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam-logam berat dalam tanah pertanian, seperti yang telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa peneliti. Keadaan ini tentu dapat juga terjadi pada tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani-Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah dan buah jeruk siam serta tingkat bioavailabilitas logam berat tersebut dalam tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani. Metode ekstraksi bertahap digunakan untuk penentuan konsentrasi logam total Pb dan Cd serta bioavailabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga berturut-turut pada kisaran 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg dan 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi logam Pb dalam tanah saat panen jeruk mengalami kenaikan menjadi 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, sedangkan logam Cd mengalami penurunan menjadi 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. Dalam buah jeruk ditemukan bahwa konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd berturut-turut: 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg dan 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg. Konsentrasi ini melebihi ambang batas menurut Peraturan BPOM No. 5 Tahun 2018. Bioavailabilitas logam Pb pada tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga di setiap lahan sebagian besar berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 49,35%. Berbeda dengan Pb, bioavailabilitas logam Cd yang ditemukan dalam tanah di lahan 1 dan 3 adalah Cd yang bioavailable yaitu sebesar 43,57% dan 39,09%, sedangkan di lahan 2 adalah non bioavailable dengan persentase sebesar 41,33%. Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, jeruk siam, logam berat. ABSTRACT Kintamani is known as the center of Siamese citrus production in Bali. Various efforts have been made by farmers to increase the production of Siamese citrus fruits, one of which is by applying agrochemicals. However, intensive use of agrochemicals without adequate control can increase the content of heavy metals in agricultural soils, as has been reported by several researchers. This situation can certainly also occur in the soil of citrus plantations in the area of Kintamani-Bali. This study aimed to determine the concentration of total Pb and Cd metals in the soil and citrus fruits as well as the level of bioavailability of these heavy metals in the soil. The sequential extraction method was used to determine the total metal concentrations of Pb and Cd and their bioavailability. The results showed that the total Pb and Cd concentrations in the soil before flowering citrus plants were in the range of 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg and 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg, respectively. However, the concentration of Pb in the soil during citrus harvest increased to 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, while Cd decreased to 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. In citrus fruits, it was found that the concentrations of Pb and Cd were 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg and 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg, respectively. This concentration exceeds the maximum allowed according to BPOM Regulation No. 5 of 2018. The bioavailability of Pb in the soil before the citrus plants flowered in each field was potentially bioavailable with an average percentage of 49,35%. In contrast to Pb, the bioavailability of Cd found in the soil of fields 1 and 3 was Cd which was bioavailable, with an average of 43,57% and 39,09%, while in field 2 it was non-bioavailable with a percentage of 41,33%. Keywords: bioavailability, heavy metals, siamese citrus.

MODIFIKASI pH SILIKA MESOPORI DARI PASIR PANTAI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN TIMBAL (Pb) DAN TEMBAGA (Cu) DALAM LIMBAH PERCETAKAN S. Salamah; A. Rahayu
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p07

Limbah industri umumnya mengandung logam Pb, Zn, Cr, Mn, dan Cu. Logam-logam ini sangat berbahaya sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah, seperti menggunakan adsorben yang mempunyai luas permukaan besar, contohnya silika mesopori (SM). SM dapat dibuat dari silika pasir pantai. Pasir diekstraksi dengan larutan HCl untuk mendapatkan silika, dilanjutkan dengan refluks menggunakan NaOH. Silika diproses menjadi SM dengan templet Dodesil Amina (DDA). Proses pembentukan SM dalam kondisi asam dilakukan dengan variabel pH 3, pH 4 dan pH 5. SM yang terbentuk digunakan untuk adsorpsi limbah percetakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan karakter SM optimum didapatkan pada pH 4 dengan luas permukaan 286,46 m2/g, volume pori total 10,9 cm3/g dan diameter pori 15,21 nm. Limbah percetakan sebelum adsorpsi mengandung logam timbal (Pb) <0,009 mg/L, tembaga (Cu) 0,5589 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) sebesar 1740 dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sebesar 6534. Adsorpsi limbah menggunakan SM optimum dilakukan pada waktu kontak 120 menit dengan kecepatan pengadukan 180 rpm. Kandungan Cu dalam filtrat setelah proses adsorpsi dengan kecepatan putaran pengaduk 180 rpm adalah sebesar 0,05 mg/L. Level BOD pada sampel setelah adsorpsi dengan waktu 120 menit terjadi penurunan 20 %, sedangkan level COD terjadi penurunan 50 %. Level BOD dan COD setelah adsorpsi masih relatif tinggi, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 1260 dan 3059,5. Hasil analisis dengan SEM-EDX Mapping pada adsorben SM setelah adsopsi menunjukkan bahwa pada adsorben masih terdapat logam Pb 1,17 %b/b dan Cu 1,48 %b/b. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa silika mesopori potensial dan dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben pada pengolahan limbah industri yang mengandung logam Pb dan Cu. Kata kunci: adsorpsi limbah, modifikasi pH, silika mesopori, tembaga, timbal. ABSTRACT Industrial waste generally contains Pb, Zn, Cr, Mn, and Cu metals. These metals are hazardous, therefore, a waste treatment needs to be carried out, such as by using a large surface area of adsorbent, for example, mesoporous silica (MS). MS can be prepared from beach sand silica. The sand was extracted using an HCl solution to obtain the silica, followed by refluxing it using NaOH. The silica was then processed into MS using a Dodecyl Amine (DDA) template. The process of forming MS in an acidic condition was done with the variables of pH 3, pH 4, and pH 5. The MS created was then used for the adsorption of printing waste. The results showed that the optimum MS character was obtained at pH 4 with a surface area of ??286.46 m2/g, a total pore volume of 10.9 cm3/g, and a pore diameter of 15.21 nm. The printing waste before the adsorption contained lead (Pb) of <0.009 mg/L, copper (Cu) of 0.5589 mg/L, BOD of 1740, and COD of 6534. The adsorption of waste by using the optimum MS was done at a contact time of 120 minutes with a stirring speed of 180 rpm. The content of Cu in the filtrate after the adsorption using a condition of the stirrer rotation speed of 180 rpm was 0.05 mg/L. The BOD level in the sample after the adsorption with a contact time of 120 minutes decreased by 20%, while the COD level reduced by 50%. The level of BOD and COD after adsorption was still relatively high, which was 1260 and 3059.5, respectively. The results of SEM-EDX Mapping analysis on the MS adsorbent after the adsorption contained 1.17 %w/w of Pb and 1.48 %w/w of Cu. These results showed that the silica mesopore was potentially used as an adsorbent for treating the printing waste containing Pb and Cu metals. Keywords: cuprum, lead, Mesoporous Silica (MS), pH modification, waste adsorption.

POTENSI EKSTRAK n-BUTANOL DAUN TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus N. M. Puspawati; G. A. G. Indukirana; I M. Sukadana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p13

Staphyloccocus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab penyakit menular di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak n-butanol daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) dan mengidentifikasi konsentrasi hambat minimum yang menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumur difusi dan dentifikasi senyawanya menggunakan LC-MS/MS (Liquid Mass Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry). Serbuk daun tenggulun sebanyak 1 kg dimaserasi dengan metanol, menghasilkan 90,58 g ekstrak kental metanol yang dipartisi dengan n-butanol. Ekstrak n-butanol pekat pada konsentrasi 20% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus secara kuat dengan dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 16,66 mm dan memiliki konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) sebesar 8,75 mm pada konsentrasi 1%. Pemisahan komponen senyawa pada ekstrak n-butanol dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom dengan silika gel sebagai fase diam dan fase gerak etil asetat : asam asetat : asam formiat : air dengan perbandingan 10 : 1 : 1 : 2,6 , dimana hasil pemisahannya diperoleh 5 fraksi gabungan (FA, FB, FC, FD, FE). Dalam penelitian ini hanya Fraksi A dan E yang relatif murni secara kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil identifikasi fraksi A dengan LC-MS/MS, diduga mengandung senyawa Kokamidropropil betain, 2-feniletanol dan Morin. Sementara itu pada fraksi E diduga mengandung senyawa Rutin. Kata Kunci: antibakteri, daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F), LC MS/MS, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRACT One of the microorganisms that causes infectious disorders in Indonesia is Staphyloccocus aureus (S.aureus). According to preliminary research Tenggulun leaves can prevent the growth of S.aureus. In order to stop the growth of S.aureus, this study was set out to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration of an n-butanol extract from tenggulun leaves (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) and to characterize its components. Maceration was utilized to extract the tenggulun leaves, agar well diffusion method was used to test for antibacterial activity, and Liquid Mass Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to identify the chemicals. One kilogram of tenggulun leaf powder was macerated in metanol to produce 90.58 grams of thick methanol extract divided among with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to be partitioned. The growth of S.aureus bacteria could be inhibited by the concentrated n-butanol extract at a concentration of 20% with an inhibition diameter of 16.66 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 1% was 8.5 mm. By using column chromatography based on silica gel as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate : acetic acid : formic acid : water in the ratio of 10 : 1 : 1 : 2.6 as the mobile phases, the component of chemicals in the n-butanol extract were separated into 5 mixed fractions (FA, FB , FC, FD, FE). Only relatively pure fractions A used in this study to be identified using a thin layer chromatography. According to the results of the LC-MS/MS, identification of fraction A, it was assumed that this fraction comprised the substances of Cocamidropropyl betaine, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-(2,4-Morin. Meanwhile, the fraction E contained the substance of Rutin. Keywords: antibacterial, LC MS/MS, tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F), Staphylococcus aureus.

TOXICITY TEST OF ORANGE BENALOY LEAVES ETHANOL (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser) ON Artemia salina L. Shrimp LARVA AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS Yulandari, N. K. N.; Rita, W. S.; Rustini, N. L.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.2, Juli 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i02.p03

Benalu jeruk, Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan kanker atau sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak etanol daun benalu jeruk (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) terhadap larva udang Artemia salina serta kandungan golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan metode skrining fitokimia. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dan partisi, Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa pereaksi pendekteksi golongan senyawa. Maserasi 1 kg serbuk daun benalu jeruk menghasilkan ekstrak pekat etanol sebesar 49,74 gram. Proses partisi 10 gram ekstrak pekat etanol menghasilkan 5,3838 gram ekstrak pekat n-heksana, 2,2239 gram ekstrak pekat etil asetat, 1,3012 gram ekstrak pekat n-butanol dan 1,0911 gram ekstrak air. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol dan air secara berturut-turut dengan nilai LC50 162,7565; 83,3017; 147,0026; 660,2279; dan 921, 6679 ppm. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap metabolit sekunder alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Kata kunci: benalu jeruk (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, toksisitas, uji fitokimia ABSTRACT The citrus parasite, Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, can be used for the treatment of cancer or cytotoxic. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of the ethanol extract of citrus parasite leaves (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) against shrimp larvae of Artemia salina and the content of secondary metabolite compounds using phytochemical screening methods. The extraction was carried out by the maceration and partitioning methods, the toxicity test by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and phytochemical screening by using several detection reagents. Maceration of 1 kg of citrus parasite leaves yielded a concentrated ethanol extract of 49.74 grams. The partition process of 10 grams of concentrated ethanol extract produced 5.3838 grams of concentrated n-hexane extract, 2.2239 grams of concentrated ethyl acetate extract, 1.3012 grams of concentrated n-butanol extract and 1.0911 grams of water extract. The toxicity test for ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts resulted in LC50 values ??of 162.7565; 83.3017; 147.0026; 660.2279; and 921.6679 ppm, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for secondary metabolites of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. Keywords: citrus parasite (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, toxicity, phytochemical test

STUDI INTERAKSI GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3? DENGAN SENYAWA AKTIF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN. SECARA IN SILICO Anggraeni, R. K.; Andraini, T.; Erlina, L.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.2, Juli 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i02.p08

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang ada di Indonesia. Tanaman tersebut diketehui mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berkhasiat, seperti quercetin. Senyawa tersebut termasuk dalam golongan flavonoid yang diketahui berpotensi untuk menghambat aktifitas Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3? (GSK-3?). GSK-3? terlibat dalam berbagai aspek fungsi otak mulai dari perkembangan otak awal, hingga berbagai aspek fungsinya pada orang dewasa seperti perkembangan sinaptik yang tepat dan transmisi saraf. Disregulasi aktivitas GSK-3? baik pada perkembangan awal atau pada masa dewasa dapat menjadi predisposisi gangguan neuropsikiatri dan neurologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi serta mengeksplorasi afinitas dan interaksi molekuler antara senyawa aktif HBS terhadap GSK-3? dengan menggunakan simulasi penambatan molekuler secara in silico. Penelitian ini diawali dengan preparasi GSK-3? dan penetapan sisi aktifnya menggunakan ligan alaminya. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi interaksi molekuler antara senyawa aktif HSL terhadap sisi aktif GSK-3? dengan metode molekuler docking. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa Methyl_ epigallocatechin dan 3-Methylquercetin memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan GSK-3?. Dari hasil molekuler docking dan farmokokinetik dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa Methyl_ epigallocatechin dan 3-Methylquercetin berpotensi menjadi inhibitor kompetitif GSK-3? berdasarkan studi in silico. Kata kunci: GSK-3?, Diabetes Melitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. ABSTRACT Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) is one of the plants in Indonesia. These plants are known to contain many efficacious active compounds, such as quercetin. These compounds belong to the class of flavonoids which are known to have the potential to inhibit the activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3? (GSK-3?). GSK-3? is involved in various aspects of brain function from early brain development, to various aspects of its function in adults such as proper synaptics and nerve transmission. Dysregulation of GSK-3? activity either in early development or in adulthood can predispose to neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. This study aims to identify, evaluate and investigate the affinity and molecular interactions between HBS active compounds for GSK-3? using in silico molecular docking simulations. This study began with the preparation of GSK-3? and determination of its active site using natural ligands. Furthermore, a molecular interaction study was carried out between the HSL active compound and the active site of GSK-3? using the molecular docking method. The test results showed that Methyl_ epigallocatechin and 3-methylquercetin had the ability to bind to GSK-3?. From the results of molecular docking and pharmacokinetics, it can be concluded that the compounds Methyl-epigallocatechin and 3-Methylquercetin have the potential to become competitive inhibitors of GSK-3? based on in silico studies. Keywords: GSK-3?, Diabetes Mellitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.

SPESIASI DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS Pb DAN Cu DALAM TANAH PERTANIAN ORGANIK SERTA KANDUNGAN LOGAM TOTALNYA DALAM SAYUR PAKCOY (BRASSICA RAPA L.) Sari, A. A. D. P.; Widihati, I. A. G.; Bawa, I G. A. G.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.2, Juli 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i02.p14

Denpasar sebagai salah satu pusat kota penghasil sayur organik di Bali dan juga sebagai daerah destinasi pariwisata, memiliki tingkat pencemaran yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesiasi dan bioavailabilitas logam Pb dan Cu pada tanah dan edible part sayur pakcoy yang ditanam di Kota Denpasar. Metode untuk menentukan bioavailabilitasnya menggunakan ekstraksi bertahap dan pengukuran konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cu menggunakan Instrumen AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Spesiasi logam Pb dominan bersifat berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase sebelum penanaman dan saat panen sebesar 90,46% dan 79,30%. Sementara itu, spesiasi logam Cu pada tanah dominan bersifat non bioavailable dengan persentase sebelum penanaman dan saat panen sebesar 55,98% dan 48,85%. Kandungan Pb dan Cu total.dalam tanah sebelum penanaman diperoleh sebesar 45,1504 mg/kg dan 84,9271 mg/kg namun, saat panen logam Pb mengalami kenaikan sebesar 99,84% dan logam Cu mengalami penurunan sebesar 12,50% dari kondisi awal. Pada bagian edible part sayur pakcoy kandungan Pb dan Cu sebesar 7,7164 mg/kg dan 20,6295 mg/kg. Berdasarkan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, sayur pakcoy pada semua lahan dalam penelitian ini tergolong tercemar logam Pb dan Cu karena melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan. Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, logam total, pakcoy, Pb dan Cu, pertanian organik. ABSTRACT Denpasar as one of the city centers in Bali, which produces organic vegetables and is also a tourism destination, has a relatively high level of pollution. The goal of this research was to determine the speciation and bioavailability of Pb and Cu metals in soil and edible parts of Bok choy vegetables grown in Denpasar City. The method used to determine the bioavailability was sequential extraction and the Pb and Cu metal concentrations using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) instrument. The speciation of Pb was dominantly potentially bioavailable with the percentage before planting and at harvest of 90.46% and 79.30%, respectively. Meanwhile, the speciation of Cu on the soil was dominantly non-bioavailable with the percentage before planting and at harvest of 55.98% and 48.85%, respectively. The total Pb and Cu contents in the soil before planting were 45,1504 mg/kg and 84.9271 mg/kg, but when harvested, the Pb content increased by 99.84% and the Cu content decreased by 12.50% from the initial conditions. In the edible part of the Bok choy vegetable, the Pb and Cu contents were 7.7164 mg/kg and 20.6295 mg/kg. Based on the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, Bok choy vegetables in all lands in this study were classified as contaminated with Pb and Cu metals because they exceeded the specified threshold. Keywords: bioavailability, Bok choy, organic agriculture, total metal, Pb and Cu

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Ni Putu Diantariani

Contact Email
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Phone
+628123640424

Journal Mail Official
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Editorial Address
Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Location
Kota denpasar,

Bali

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ni Putu Diantariani

Contact Email jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Phone +628123640424

Journal Mail Official jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Editorial Address Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Location Kota denpasar, Bali INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ni Putu Diantariani

Contact Email
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Phone
+628123640424

Journal Mail Official
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Editorial Address
Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Location
Kota denpasar,

Bali

INDONESIA