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INDONESIA
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25409395     EISSN : 25409409     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science
Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry (IJFAC) is an international research journal and invites contributions of original research articles as well as review articles in several areas of chemistry. The journal aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and short communications in all branches of chemistry. Papers which describe novel theory and its application to practice are welcome, as are those which illustrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. IJFAC calls for papers that cover the following fields: Biochemistry Inorganic chemistry Physical chemistry Organic chemistry Analytical chemistry Applied Chemistry All papers are peer reviewed by at least two referees. Papers presented at conferences are peer reviewed and selected with the same standards as individually submitted papers. They therefore have the same archival value. Article should be submitted by the Online Submission Module at www.ijfac.unsri.ac.id or email to ijfac@unsri.ac.id
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 205 Documents
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Effects of Crosslinker and Silicon to Enhance Taber Abrasion and Physical Properties of Finished Leather for Upholstery Furniture Rahmawati, Atiqa; Nurbalia, Elis; Tiyastuti, Rini
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.79

Abstract

Finishing is one of the stages in leather processing. The addition of silicone and crosslinker in the top coat of the finishing stage of leather upholstery furniture is used to increase abrasion resistance, which is a critical factor in determining the life and quality of leather furniture. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of silicone and crosslinker additions on the abrasion resistance and physical properties of leather upholstery furniture. The leather material used is dyed crust leather with a thickness of 1.2-1.4 mm with an area of 1.5 sqft. The addition of crosslinker and silicone is applied only to the top coat. The analyses performed include physical skin analysis (adhesion test, rubbing fastness, glossy test, and flexing) and organoleptic tests (abrasion and smoothness tests). The addition of crosslinker and silicone can affect the physical and organoleptic quality of leather. The addition of crosslinker and silicone to the top coat showed the best results on upholstery leather sample D (3% crosslinker and 4% silicone).The results of statistical tests using the multinomial logistic regression method in organoleptic testing and ANOVA in physical testing showed that only crosslinker had a significant effect on the response. 
Modification of SiO2 from Rice Husk with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as Adsorbent of Congo Red Dye Sibarani, Robert; Abdullah, Abdullah; Hariani, Poedji Loekitowati
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.117

Abstract

Rice husk is an agricultural waste abundant in silica (SiO₂). SiO2 extracted from rice husk has a porous structure, so it has the potential to be used as an adsorbent material. To increase the stability and effectiveness of the adsorption process, SiO2 was modified by adding Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and used to removal Congo red dye. SiO₂ extraction was carried out through a calcination process at three different temperatures, namely 600, 700, and 800 °C. Morphological analysis and elemental composition using SEM-EDX showed the presence of a polymer layer on the surface of the material, which functions as a distribution medium for SiO₂ particles. In addition, an increase in carbon (C) content was detected after the addition of PVA, confirming the presence of PVA in the composite. The optimum conditions for the adsorption process of Congo red dye by SiO₂-PVA were obtained at pH 1, contact time 75 minutes, and solution concentration 75 mg/L. Experimental data showed that the Langmuir isotherm model was most suitable for describing adsorption behavior compared to the Freundlich model, with an adsorption capacity of 14.31 mg/g. These results indicate that SiO₂-PVA has the potential as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of waste containing dyes.  
Synthesis of Bentonite-TiO2 Bionanocomposite for Photodegradation of Used Lubricating Oil Siregar, Sri Hilma; Nasution, Hasmalina; Fitri, Rennadya Sekar; Ramadhanti, Aulia Rizki
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.86

Abstract

Used lubricating oil waste contains heavy metal components which, if they enter the water, will block light. Used lubricants include toxic and hazardous waste (B3) so they need further processing before being reused or thrown away, because they are dangerous for human health and the environment. This research aims to determine the ability or effectiveness of the Bentonite-TiO2 composite in degrading used lubricating oil. The research began by synthesizing Bentonite-TiO2 where the composite results obtained were characterized. Based on the results of the FTIR spectrum analysis of Bentonite-TiO2, Ti was successfully modified in bentonite because the wave number 1419.84 cm-1 shows the presence of Al-O groups and the wave number 1423.92 cm-1 shows the presence of Ti-O-Ti vibrations. The results of XRD characterization show that TiO2 has formed in the bentonite-TiO2 composite, this makes the bentonite-TiO2 more stable and can be used as photocatalysis in the processing of used lubricating oil. The results of SEM-EDX analysis of Bentonite-TiO2 show the chemical composition of C, O, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti. In photodegradation, the mass variation viscosity value with an optimum time of 5 hours is the highest viscosity value, namely with a viscosity value of 5.11 cSt.
Recent Update on Various Ion Doped Nanoparticles Applied in Biomedical: Challenges and Future Perspective Herbanu, Aldi; El Muttaqien, Sjaikhurrizal; Jabatsudewa Maras, Muhammad Artha
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.126

Abstract

In the last several years, there have been a considerable increase in the number of use of nanoparticles (NPs) in dental application. For application and study, a wide range of ion doped NPs are accessible. The NPs differ from conventional materials in term of their distinctive structures and properties. However, researchers don't always understand how these NPs with their unique properties work. The NPs foundation in material science as well as benefits and drawbacks are discussed, primarily based on a review of the most cited scientific papers in the international peer-reviewed journal sciences. To meet the requisite topic of the study, 22 titles from MEDLlNE (PubMed) databases and 145 titles from the Scopus database were screened. It was determined from the included papers that this review takes into account several facets of the preparation of different ions for doping dental NPs and their therapeutic uses of doped hydroxyapatite (HAP). Understanding the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of NPs may help us to comprehend their benefits, drawbacks, and particular advantages. Although NPs offer great potential for the future, they do not necessarily have the best qualities, particularly in the biomedical field.Keywords: Ions-doped; bone remodeling; doped hydroxyapatite; nanoparticles; regenerative therapy
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Alkaline Transesterification Process Alkinani, Sudad Asaad; Al-Mousawi, Adnan A.; Okash, Anfas N.; Moyel, Mohammad Salim; Alyousif, Nassir Abdullah; Neamaa, Haider Hashim
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.92

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels, coupled with frequent instability in their prices and environmental concerns related to the drawbacks of full dependence on conventional fossil fuels. considerably, biodiesel is found to be an ideal source of fuel that can efficiently replace conventional fuel diesel. Among various raw materials that can be exploited to produce biodiesel, waste cooking oils are highly recommended as an economically attractive option for biodiesel production. However, the high content of free fatty acids (FFA) in waste cooking oils presents the main barrier to the transesterification process. Therefore, in the current study, two types of waste cooking oils (WCO) collected from homes and restaurants were tested and the percentage of FFA in them was determined through a titration process. The results showed that the percentage of FFA in used cooking oils collected from homes was (1.193%), in contrast with (2.0096%) in WCO observed from the restaurant samples. Thus, WCO collected from homes was candidate to produce biodiesel and it was characterized using FTIR. Transesterification process was carried out in the presence of an alkaline catalyst (KOH), and the yield of biodiesel was reached to 85.4% in the presence of a 1% catalyst at 65 °C degrees and methanol to oil ratio of 6:1 for 90 min. The resulting biodiesel was characterized using FTIR and GC-MS, its properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and pour point were diagnosed as good biodiesel properties based on ASTM standards. The results showed that the alkali-catalyzed transesterification process is an effective way to produce biodiesel from WCO as a source of energy in addition to reducing environmental pollution.
Effect of Hydrogen Flow Rate on MEA Performance with a Three-Catalyst-Layer Pt/C Configuration Yulianti, Dwi Hawa; Rohendi, Dedi; Budiman, Rahmadi; Firanda, Dera Okta; Rachmat, Addy; Sya'baniah, Nyimas Febrika
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 10, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.146

Abstract

An essential component in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) is the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), which facilitates the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrical energy. This study examines the effect of varying hydrogen gas flow rates on the performance and durability of a Pt/C-based MEA. The MEA used in this research measures 6.5 cm × 30 cm with a catalyst loading of 2 mg/cm². The electrode is constructed in three layers of catalysts to maximize interfacial contact within the catalyst layer. The tested hydrogen flow rates were 100, 200, 300, and 400 mL/min. Performance evaluation was conducted through polarization (I–V) and power (I–P) curve measurements. The results indicated optimal performance at a 200 mL/min flow rate, with a maximum power density of 3.563 mW/cm² and a current density of 10.256 mA/cm². Durability testing was carried out under a constant current of 2 A for 12 hours and showed a voltage drop of 24.35% after 10 hours of operation. Electrochemical characterization using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) yielded an Electrochemical Surface Area (ECSA) of 1.477 × 10⁻⁵ m²/g, electrical conductivity of 3.218 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm, and an electric charge of 4.2 × 10⁻⁶ C.
Stoichiometric Combustion Modeling and Regulatory Compliance Assessment of Indonesian Sub-bituminous Coal: Implications for Clean Coal Technology Deployment Purba, Robekca; Utami, Nyimas Ulfatry
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v11.i1.59

Abstract

Coal is an important energy source, but its utilization must consider quality and environmental aspects for sustainability. This study aims to characterize coal from Muara Enim Regency and to evaluate its energy utilization potential. A 2.365 kg coal sample was analyzed at Geoservice laboratory, Bandung. Proximate analysis results showed total moisture 6.26%, ash content 10.63%, volatile matter 37.84%, and fixed carbon 47.71%. Ultimate analysis revealed carbon 68.56%, hydrogen 5.12%, nitrogen 1.42%, oxygen 13.71%, and sulfur 0.56%. The calorific value is 6,900 kcal/kg with fuel ratio 1.26. These parameters classify the coal as Sub-bituminous B with good combustion characteristics. Stoichiometric calculations determined theoretical air requirements of 2.24 kg/kg coal, producing 2.51 kg CO₂, 0.46 kg H₂O, 0.0009333 kg NO2 and 0.0112 kg SO₂. Theoretical SO₂ emissions (1.557 mg/Nm³) exceed Indonesian regulations, requiring Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) installation. The coal has good energy potential with low sulfur content, suitable for power generation with proper emission control technology. This study provides a database for optimizing energy systems and clean coal technologies..Keywords: coal characterization; calorific value; combustion stoichiometry; clean coal technology, coal chemistry
Modified Polystyrene Waste as Cation Exchange Material and Its Characterization Nendo, Felicia Febyola; Sutanto, Teja Dwi; Banon, Charles; Angasa, Eka; Gustian, Irfan
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v11.i1.67

Abstract

Modification of polystyrene (PS) waste into sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) as cation exchange material and its characterization has been carried out, the polystyrene waste used is styrofoam from air conditioner packaging. Modification is carried out through the sulfonation process of styrofoam using acetyl sulfate as a sulfonating agent in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Sulfonation is carried out at a temperature of 40 °C for 3.5 hours under nitrogen gas flow. The modified product is then characterized using FTIR, SEM, and testing the degree of sulfonation, water absorption capacity, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results show that modification has occurred in the presence of a sulfonate group (–SO₃H) which is characterized by the appearance of characteristic peaks of 1033 cm⁻¹, 1162 cm⁻¹ and 3329 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectrum and SEM results show that the PS structure which is not rough and becomes a rougher and non-uniform structure after sulfonation. The degree of sulfonation obtained reached 58%, the maximum water absorption achieved was 39% after soaking for 72 hours, and the highest measured cation exchange capacity was 1.87 meq/g in 1.5 N NaCl solution. These results indicate that styrofoam waste has the potential to be used as a basic material for efficient and environmentally friendly cation exchange resins.Keywords: Polystyrene, Sulfonation, Acetyl sulfate, Cation exchange capacity, Activation energy
Development of the Fruit Peels of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) into Herbal Tea Julinar, Julinar; Ananda, Dea; Huzaifah, Huzaifah; Musifa, Eva; Muharni, Muharni
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v11.i1.18

Abstract

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peel contains various bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and ellagic acid, which function as antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds needed to inhibit radical reactions and oxidation processes that trigger various diseases. This study aims to determine the potential of rambutan peel to become a herbal tea. The study began with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid levels in aqueous extracts of rambutan peel, followed by antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH and FRAP methods. As a comparison, tea from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and herbal teas from kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves and senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L) leaves were used. The results showed that the aqueous extract of rambutan peel had a total phenolic content of 344.07 mg GAE/g and a flavonoid content of 7.96 mg QE/g, higher than those of tea leaves, kelor leaves, and senduduk leaves. Antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed that rambutan peel aqueous extract is an active antioxidant with an IC₅₀ of 0.797 µg/mL, with antioxidant activity 5.45 times stronger than tea leaves, 10.33 times stronger than moringa leaves, and 4.32 times stronger than senduduk leaves. Antioxidant test using the FRAP method also showed that the antioxidant capacity of rambutan peel water extract is 29.66 mgTE/g, higher than those of tea leaves, kelor leaves, and senduduk leaves, with values of 19.84 mgTE/g, 6.12 mgTE/g, and 14.52 mgTE/g, respectively. These data indicate that rambutan peel has strong antioxidant activity and has the potential to be developed as a herbal tea.Keywords: Nephelium lappaceum peel, antioxidants, herbal tea, DPPH, FRAP
Hydrogen Applications and Solid-State Storage Materials: A Critical Review of Mechanisms, Material Innovations, and Prospects Toward Practical Hydrogen Energy Systems Amelia, Icha; Rohendi, Dedi; Nurcholifah, Yollanda
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 11, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v11.i1.76

Abstract

Hydrogen has significant potential as a clean energy carrier to support the transition toward sustainable energy systems. However, the widespread implementation of a hydrogen economy is still limited by challenges associated with safe, efficient, and high-capacity hydrogen storage technologies. In general, hydrogen storage systems are classified into physical storage, chemical storage, and solid-state storage. This review article systematically discusses various hydrogen storage technologies, with a particular focus on solid-state hydrogen storage, including metal hydrides, complex hydrides such as alanates, and chemical hydrides encompassing borohydrides and liquid organic hydrides. Each class of materials is evaluated in terms of storage capacity, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, as well as issues related to reversibility and regeneration. The review highlights that, despite considerable progress, no single hydrogen storage system currently satisfies all practical requirements. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of hydrogen–material interactions, along with material design and catalytic strategies, is essential for advancing hydrogen storage technologies toward practical applications.Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Solid-state hydrogen storage; Metal hydrides; Chemical hydrides; Thermodynamic and kinetic properties

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