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ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR PENGHASIL MIKOTOKSIN PADA BIJI KAKAO KERING YANG DIHASILKAN DI FLORES Emilia Simpllisiu Ake Wangge; Dewa Ngurah Suprapta; Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Volume 1, No 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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A study entitled “Isolation and Identification of Mycotoxin-producing Fungi on Cocoa Beans Produced in Flores” was done in order to know the population and species of fungi and to know the concentration of mycotoxin in the dried cocoa beans. The dry cocoa beans used in this study were collected from several locations in Flores. Isolation of the fungi was done using Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar (SDA), while the determination of mycotoxin concentration was done based on Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results of this study showed that, there were several fungi were found in the dried cocoa beans produced in Flores, namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. fumigatusandMucor sp. All tested dried cocoa beans contained aflatoxin B1, where the highest aflatoxin B1 concentration was found in the fermented beans from West Manggarai with the concentration at 3.65 ppb, while the lowest concentration was 2.21ppb, which was found in the cocoa beans from Nagekeo. The highest concentration of ochratoxin A was 0.38 ppb, which was found in the cocoa beans from West Manggarai, while no ochratoxin A was detected in the cocoa beans from Ende.

UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP Colletotrichum scovillei PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKSONA PADA CABAI BESAR (Capsicum annuum L.) I Gede Karta Satria Wibawa; Dewa Ngurah Suprapta; Khamdan Khalimi
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 8 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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Colletotrichum scovillei is a newly discovered species causing anthracnose disease on chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Bali. With the increasing reports of Colletotricum spp. resistance against chemical fungicide, biological control is taken as the alternatives to control this disease. In this study a total of 69 endophytic bacteria isolates was recovered from different solanaceae plants samples collected from nine regions of Bali and screened for the antagonism againstC. scovillei. From the potential 15 candidates of isolates with inhibition activity above 90%, hypersensitivity test were taken on tobacco leaf, and isolate CBCKB1 was chosen for further test. The CBCKB1 isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on molecular identification. Detached fruit bioassay proved that isolate CBCKB1 formula was effective in reducing the disease percentage and disease severity of anthracnose disease on chilli pepper.

IDENTIFIKASI SPESIES POTYVIRUS PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MOSAIK PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum frutescens L.) MELALUI SIKUEN NUKLEOTIDA GEN Coat Protein I Gede Rian Pramarta; I Gede Rai Maya Temaja; I Dewa Nyoman Nyana; Gede Suastika
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 6 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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Chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the important vegetable in the world and one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Pepper plants grown in all provinces in Indonesia and got priority for development because it has great potential economic value. These researches was conducted in order to determine the type of infecting Potyvirus on chili and know the proximity nucleotide sequence of Potyvirus infecting chili crop in Kerta village, Payangan, Gianyar, Bali, with the kind of Potyvirus in other areas. This study use RT-PCR technique to detect plant viruses and continued with tracing sequence coat protein gene nucleotide to its proximity to some of the isolates analyzed from GeneBank. The results showed that the infecting Potyvirus chili crop is Chili veinal motle virus species (ChiVMV) with size of approximately 900 bp DNA band, and based on phylogenetic analysis of coat protein gene nucleotide sequence, PayanganIndo isolate had high similarity (93%) and small genetic distance (0.041) with isolate of origin Thailand state.

APLIKASI CAMPURAN BIOURIN DENGAN AGEN PENGENDALI HAYATI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa Var. Parachinensis L.) I Gusti Agung Oka Hendrawati; I Made Sudana; G N Alit Susanta Wirya
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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The research was conducted in Pancasari Village, District Sukasada, Buleleng regency from July to November 2013. Purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combination of bio urine with biological control agent in improving productivity and control pests and diseases in greens mustard plants. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with one bio urine treatment factors, namely bio urine added crushed with Balinese spices (base genep), crushed mimba leaves, crushed leaves of the sour sop, chopped tobacco leaves, Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma viride, Beauveria sp., bio urine without a mixture of biological control agents, chemical pesticides and is equipped with controls (just doused with water). The results of this study showed that bio urine with combination of the biological control agent variables significantly application of affect to plant height, leaf area index, chlorophyll quantity, above-ground fresh weight, fresh roots weight, above-ground dry weight, root dry weight, the percentage of club root, number of leaves damaged, the intensity of leaf damage and abundance imago of Liriomyza sp. Based on these results of this research it can be concluded that the treatment bio urine can control pest grasshoppers, control club root disease and improve productivity of greens mustard.

PENGARUH DRY HEAT TREATMENT TERHADAP DAYA SIMPAN BENIH CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.) I Gusti Ngurah Raka; Anak Agung Made Astiningsih; I Dewa Nyoman Nyana; I Ketut Siadi
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Volume 1, No 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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The aims of this experiment were to compare the shelf life of chili pepper seeds given dry heat treatment (DHT) and non dry heat treatment (NT). This experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Seed Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The study consisted of two experiments that attempt to use lots of chili seeds treated with dry heat treatment (DHT) and experimental use a lot of chili seeds without dry heat treatment (NT). This experiment uses a randomized completely design (RCD) with 10 replications. Each type of chili pepper seeds tested each power shelf with 10 replications. Storage treatment performed at room temperature, which consists of non-storage (T0), storage for 2 weeks (T2), storage for 4 weeks (T4), storage for 6 weeks (T6) and storage for 8 weeks (T8). Thus, for each lots of chili pepper there are 50 experimental units. Treatment until 8 weeks of storage time did not affect the viability and vigor of pepper seeds either DHT or NT with value up to 80%, so they do not affect seed longivity. The dry heat treatment (DHT) showed the values of seed and seedling vigor are higher compared to that of no dry heat treatment (NT).

BIOEKOLOGI Grapevine leafroll-Associated Virus type 3 (GLRAV-3) PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DAUN MENGGULUNG PADA TANAMAN ANGGUR (Vitis vinifera L.) Yuyun Fitriani; I Gede Rai Maya Temaja; G. N. Alit Susanta Wirya
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 7 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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The survey of vineyard fields in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia was conducted, some grapevine cultivars were found had grapevine leaf roll disease symptomps. The symptoms including interveinal reddening or yelowing and fall leaves, down rolling of leaves, phloem disruption, and the fruit maturation is delayed. The analysis of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of symptom leaf with Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus type 3 (GLRaV-3) antiserum shown the disease was corresponding to the GLRaV-3. The study was conducted to identify the mealybug that colonized of grapevine, to determine capability of mealybug to transmitted GLRaV-3 and host range GLRaV-3.Base on the survey ofmealybuginvineyard fields in Buleleng, Bali, the two types of mealybug were identified, namely Ferrisia virgata (Ckll.) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Results of the transmission test showed that only M. Hirsutus are capable of transmitting GLRaV-3. The plant range host test of GLRaV-3 inoculation with M. hirsutuswas conducted and the symptom was detected on3plants species, grapevines (Vitis vinifera), native gooseberry (Physalis floridana) andshoe flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) from18 species of plants that used.

MANFAAT BEBERAPA JENIS MIKROBA YANG DIISOLASI DARI KAYU LARU (Peltophorum pterocarpum.) DAN MUR SEBAGAI STARTER DALAM PEMBUATAN LARU DAN SOPI DI PULAU TIMOR Regina I. M BanoEt; I Made Sudana; I.G.N. Alit Susanta Wirya
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 5 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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The traditional knowledge of farmers in producing alcohol from palm sap can be used as a basis to produce high-value economic products such as medical alcohol, industrial alcohol and ethanol. Food products and traditional fermented beverage are one of the main sources to obtain the potential microbe for microbial fermentation industry. Information on the wood of laru role as agents of microbial cultures and mur for a starter in the making of laru and sopi has not been much identified.The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage of the research, namely the microbial isolation of seven basic materials of making laru and sopi. The identification of microbes by using the API 20C AUX kits and a selection of microbes which have the ability to perform fermentation. The second stage of the research is the production test and gin laru utilize the selection and identification of microbes of, to find the best treatment combination that produces the highest alcohol content. The third stage of the research is the identification of molecular of microbes of culture results that have the best fermentation activities. The first and the third stages were exploratory studies by using the experimental design in the laboratory. The data were collected by means of direct observation. The theoretical analysis was made to describe the experimental results. The second stage of the testing of making laru and sopi to determine the percentage of alcohol content produced. The second stage was an experimental study, designed in the basic experimental design of RAL. The obtained data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the real level of treatment effects, followed by LSD test to determine the level of significant differences between treatments. Each treatment combination was repeated four times. Two controls were used i.e; nira, palm sap without addition of a starter, and a solution of sugar with addition of the laru wood starter. The study was conducted in Labotory of Microbiology and Analytical Chemistry of The Food and Drug Administration Center for Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara.The experimental results showed that the microbes of laru wood and Mur are from the group of yeast. For the making of effective laru and sopi which to be sources of the microbes is red Mur and white Laru. The microbial species were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting alcohol content on the microbes fermentor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the test of making red laru was 8.43%, white laru was 7.05%, sopi and nira/palm wine were 21.44%, and sopi from the aer sugar solution was 23.20%. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also be combined with wood of laru as a starter in the making of laru and sopi. The combination of the two was the best treatment, resulted in the highest alcohol content at 8.90% of red laru, white laru at 8.40%, sopi from nira at 23.38%, and sopi from aer sugar solution at 23.91%.

POTENSI RIZOBAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI RIZOSFIR TANAMAN GRAMINAE NON-PADI UNTUK MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PADI Ni Made Intan Maulina; Khamdan Khalimi; Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya; Dewa Ngurah Suprapta
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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Rice (Oriza sativa L.) is the main food for Indonesian people, however the rice production is not enough to fulfill all national demand. Rice productivity in Indonesia was about 4,5 ton/ha, relatively low when compared to other rice growing countries such Australia, Japan, and China. It is necessary to find a measure to increase the rice productivity in Indonesia. One of the Measure is the use of rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizozpheres of the plants belongs to the family Graminae. This study was done in order to find potential rhizobacteria from rhizospheres of five plant species belong to the family Graminae, namely Cymbopogon ciatrus, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum officinarum, Pennisetum purpureum and Schizostachum mosum. Result of this study showed that 10 isolates of rhizobacteria obviously increased the number of lateral roots of rice seedling cultivar Ciherang. The rice seedling treated with isolate Al7Kla produced the highest number of lateral roots when compared to other isolates. This isolate may be used to promote the rice growth in order to increase the yield.

TEKNIK STERILISASI DAN EFEKTIVITAS 2,4-D TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALUS EKSPLAN DAUN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) IN VITRO Yuyun Fitriani; Gede Wijana; Ida Ayu Putri Darmawati
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 8 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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Patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produce essential oil which is called patchouli oil. Indonesia is the largest supplier of patchouli oil in the world market, which contribute about 90%. Advantage of patchouli oil in the perfume industry is a fixative property, it has the ability to bind with other oils therefore the scent can last for long time and has yet to be made synthetically. However, it takes very long time to produce essential oils in the conventional production system, becouse the growth of patchouli plant is relative slow. One alternative to produce the raw material or patchouli plant faster is through the tissue culture. The sterilization technique and the growth regulator are main factor in tissue culture. Therefore the purpose of this study was to find a sterilization technique, as wel as the concentration of growth regulators 2,4-D (2,4diclorophenoxy acetic acid) in MS + coconut water medium. Sterilization with HgCl2 mercury chloride) at concentration 0.1% for 10 min was the best method of sterilization to minimize contamination. Plant growth regulators 2,4-D at concentration 0.5 ppm was found very affectivein accelerating the formation of patchouli leaf callus in vitro. The callus formation occured retatively fast (9.67 days) with cream-colour, crumb texture, and with diameter 1.21 cm. The fresh and dry weight of callus were 1.35 g and 0.76 g respectively.

PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT PENGINDUKSI HORMON IAA (Indol Acetic Acid) UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN KEDELAI ( Glycine max) Desak Putu Sudarmini; I Made Sudana; I Putu Sudiarta; Gede Suastika
Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Vol 7 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology

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Soybean is one of the agricultural commodities that are needed to fulfil food nutrients of Indonesian people. The low production of this commodity in Indonesia has not yet been able to meet the high demand for soybean that reaches 2.8 million tons per year, so that the Indonesian government still import soybeans at the amount of 2.26 million tons annually. The low production of soybeans in Indonesia is due to several factors, one of which is the expensive price of chemical fertilizers The use of rhizobacteria as bio-controlling agents can increase the availability of nutrients as well as crop production. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are rhizobacteria that have the capacity to solubilize bound phosphate as well as trigger the growth hormone IAA that is the main hormone that controls various physiological processes in plants. The current study aimed to investigate whether isolates derived from rhizospheres of Leguminosae plants can induce IAA hormone and foster the vegetative growth of soybeans.The research results showed that five out of nine isolates of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria are able to induce IAA hormone and foster the vegetative growth of soybeans. Isolate treatment that showed the best impact toward soybean growth was identified molecularly through PCR. The result of RHC6 isolate identification shows a DNA ladder size of 1300bp which is suitable with the primer used. Based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted, nucleotide sequence of RHC6 isolate from Bali has a high similarity (97%) to and a low genetic distance (0.018) from Brevundimonas diminuta isolate from the US.

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Bali

INDONESIA