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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 20854773     EISSN : 23022906     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science (IJBS), Print-ISSN 2085-4773; E-ISSN 2302-2906 is an international and peer-reviewed journal published twice per year in print and online by Indonesian of Biomedical Association in collaboration to Postgraduate School of Biomedicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia which was founded in 2007. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of biomedical scholarship, and to encourage a vigorous dialogue between biomedical scholars and researches. The Journal welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and biomedical researchers all over the world.
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009" : 8 Documents clear
PEMBELAJARAN SAINS MELALUI PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI MENGURANGI KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL, KEBOSANAN DAN KELELAHAN SERTA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SD 1 SANGSIT KECAMATAN SAWAN KABUPATEN BULELENG Wijana, Nyoman; Nala, I Gusti Ngurah; Tirtayasa, I Ketut; Sutajaya, I Made
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan pendekatan ergonomidalam pembelajaran sains antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimenPeranan tersebut dalam hal (1) penurunan keluhan muskuloskeletal siswa SD; (2)penurunan kebosanan; (3) penurunan kelelahan siswa SD; (4) peningkatan motivasibelajar sains; dan (5) peningkatan prestasi belajar sains. Jenis penelitian ini termasukjenis penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized pre-test and posttestcontrol group design. Pada kelompok kontrol pembelajarannya dengan carakonvensional (tanpa PE) dan kelompok eksperimen dengan PE. Pengambilan sampeldilakukan secara random. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji t Group dengan taraf signifikansi 5 %. Simpulan dari penelitian iniadalah (1) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan keluhan muskuloskeletal siswa SD,baik akibat penggunaan meja belajar dan tempat duduk siswa serta akibat penggunaantas punggung, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpamenggunakan pendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalampembelajarannya dengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan keluhanmuskuloskeletal akibat penggunaan meja dan tempat duduk siswa sebesar 42,54(99,88%) dan penurunan keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat penggunaan tas punggungsebesar 47,97 (99,83%); (2) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan kebosanan siswaSD, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakanpendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannyadengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan kebosanannya adalah sebesar 18,73(26,40%); (3) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan kelelahan siswa SD, antarakelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakan pendekatanergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannya denganmenggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan kelelahannya adalah sebesar 30,78 (73,76%);(4) pendekatan ergonomi dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar sains pada siswa SD,antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakan pendekatanergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannya denganmenggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa adalah sebesar 14,65(65,81%); (5) pendekatan ergonomi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar dalam bidangsains pada siswa SD, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpamenggunakan pendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalampembelajarannya dengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Peningkatan prestasi belajarsiswa di bidang sains adalah sebesar 12,72 (33,70%). Dapat disarankan bahwa pembenahan di dunia pendidikan hendaknya tidak bersifat partial akan tetapi dilakukansecara multidisipliner.
MODEL AKTIVITAS PRAKTIKUM LAPANGAN BERBASIS ERGONOMI (APeLErg) MEMPERBAIKI RESPON FISIOLOGIS TUBUH, MENURUNKAN KELELAHAN, DAN MENINGKATKAN KINERJA, DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN MODEL LAMA (APeL), PADA MAHASISWA FMIPA UNIMA Palilingan, Rolles; Manuaba, Adnyana; Adiputra, Nyoman; Pangkahila, Alex
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Aktivitas praktikum lapangan merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan sebagaiimplementasi kurikulum akademik di Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNIMA. Sebagaiimplementasi kurikulum tersebut telah dibuat model aktivitas praktikum lapangan (modelAPeL) dan telah digunakan sejak tahun 2001. Namun model APeL ternyata menimbulkanrisiko yang merugikan bagi mahasiswa dilihat dari respon fisiologis dan kelelahansehingga mahasiswa belum dapat mencapai kinerja yang diharapkan. Untuk itu telahdiupayakan dengan penerapan pendekatan ergonomi total (PET) suatu model baru yaitumodel APeLErg. Untuk menguji keandalan model APeLErg dibandingkan dengan modelAPeL, telah dilakukan penelitian dengan hipotesis: model APeLErg, dibandingkan denganmodel APeL; memperbaiki respon fisiologis tubuh; menurunkan kelelahan; danmeningkatkan kinerja mahasiswa di daerah dataran rendah/panas dan di daerah datarantinggi/dingin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap dengan menggunakan rancangansama subjek. Penelitian pada tahap pertama dilakukan di daerah panas denganmenggunakan 15 orang subjek sedangkan penelitian tahap kedua di daerah dinginmenggunakan 18 orang subjek. Hasil penelitian tahap I dan tahap II menunjukkan bahwaaktivitas dengan model APeLErg dapat: memperbaiki respon fisiologis mahasiswa secarasignifikan (p<0,05); menurunkan rata-rata skor kelelahan umum secara signifikan(p<0,05); meningkatkan kecepatan, kekonstanan dan ketelitian mahasiswa secarasignifikan (p<0,05); dan meningkatkan kinerja mahasiswa secara signifikan (p<0,05). Darihasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model APeLErg dapat: memperbaiki responfisiologis mahasiswa; menurunkan tingkat kelelahan mahasiswa; dan meningkatkankinerja mahasiswa dalam melakukan aktivitas praktikum lapangan.
HUBUNGAN POSITIF ANTARA ULKUS KAKI DIABETIK DENGAN PERSENTASE SEL BERMARKAH CD4+ PEMBAWA MALONDIALDEHID Putu SutirtaYasa, I Wayan; Suastika, Ketut; Sudewa Djelantik, Anak AgungGede; Mantik Astawa, I Nyoman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Tingginya angka kejadian ulkus kaki diabetik (UKD) dan luka di kaki yangsulit sembuh memberi petunjuk kemungkinan ada proses kematian sel imun yangsangat banyak dan belum jelas mekanismenya secara molekuler pada jaringan UKD.Telah diteliti hubungan antara derajat UKD dengan persentase sel bermarkahCD4+ pembawa malondialdehid (MDA). Penelitian ini adalah penelitianobservasional dengan rancangan cross sectional analytic study yang dilakukan diRumah Sakit pemerintah dan swasta di Denpasar, Badung, Tabanan, dan Gianyar.Parameter yang diukur dari bahan darah adalah kadar gula darah memakai metodeenzimatik (heksokinase), dan dari bahan jaringan kaki, dihitung sel bermarkah CD4+pembawa MDA memakai metode imunohistokimia (reagen dari Biodesign danAbcam ). Dari 80 sampel UKD didapatkan 49 (61,2%) penderita laki-laki dan 31(38.8%) penderita wanita, berdasarkan tingkat keparahan UKD, sampel dipilah lagimenjadi: 29 (31,9%) derajat 2; 20 (21,9%) derajat 3; 13 (14,3%) derjat 4; dan18(19,8%) derajat 5, rata-rata persentase sel bermarkah CD4+MDA adalah 75,0 ±20,5 %, Didapatkan korelasi positif kuat antara persentase sel bermarkah CD4+pembawa malondialdehid dengan derajat UKD (r = 0,71; p < 0,01). Pada penelitianini membuktikan ada mekanisme kematian sel imun dan sekaligus menjawabpermasalahan bahwa pada penderita UKD mudah terkena infeksi dan sulit untukdisembuhkan, dengan dibuktikan bahwa ada korelasi positif kuat antara derajat UKDdengan persentase pembentukan MDA dari sel bermarkah CD4+, ini menyatakanbahwa semakin berat derajat UKD semakin banyak mengalami kematian sel imun..
The Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio of Metabolic Modulation using Glucose Insulin Kalium and Lactate Solution and their Effect on Functional Mechanical Recovery of the Isolated Perfused Heart Suranadi, I Wayan; Bakta, Made; Arhya, I Nyoman; Leverve, Xavier
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Metabolic modulation with Glucose Insulin Kalium (GIK) solution has beenreally well known in their capacity to improve post ischemic heart function. In this regardGIK intervention on post operative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) can improveheart function recovery on reperfusion period (Goldhaber dan Weiss, 1992; Atwell et al.,1997). Post operative CABG intervention with GIK will produce a beneficial effect onthe elevation of heart energy to prevent ionic homeostasis disturbance and reactiveoxygen species (ROS) production that become the basis of reperfusion injury (Silvermandan Stern, 1994; Cross et al., 1995; Taegtmeyer et al., 1997; Opie, 1999; Lazar, 2002;Doenst et al., 2003; Trence et al., 2003).Many efforts have been made to clarify how exactly GIK works to improve postischemic heart function as in CABG. This is crucially done in order to be able to modifythe solution concerned. Although this solution has been clearly proved to improve postischemic heart function, it is not totally free from its adverse effect. Its main side effect isthat it can provoke hyperglycemic state, which contrasts with the tight glucose control incontinuously normal range for the patients who are critically ill.In this study lactate and pyruvate level in the coronary effluent were measuredfrom the isolated heart directly perfused with GIK and lactate. It was shown that thepreischemic lactate level was low and then clearly elevated as soon as the reperfusiontook place due to anaerobic metabolism. In accordance with reperfusion time lactate leveldecreased gradually. In relation with pyruvate level, this substrate evolution looked likethe appearance of lactate but its value was lower if compared with lactate.The recovery in functional mechanical activity of the post ischemic heart seems tobe much more related to the pattern of the evolution of logarithmic lactate/pyruvate ratio(L/P ratio). Logarithmic value of L/P ratio in GIK group increased since the earlyreperfusion period (+40%, p < 0.05), followed by improvement in recovery ofmechanical activity in this group which was significantly higher if compared with thecontrol group. Similar fashion was found in lactate group in regard to the evolution of thelogarithmic value of L/P ratio in this group, where its value was significantly highercompared with the control group. The logarithmic evolution pattern on L/P ratio for thisgroup increased along the reperfusion time (+34% p < 0.05).From the present study, it can be concluded that the recovery of functionalmechanical activity of the post ischemic heart perfused with GIK is through modificationon cellular lactate metabolism.
ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION OF HOUSES TYPE 36/120 SAVES ELECTRICITY AND INCREASES COMFORT OF OCCUPANTS IN NUANSA KORI HOUSING SADING MENGWI BADUNG Parwata, I Wayan; Manuaba, Adnyana; Adiputra, Nyoman; Sutjana, IDP
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Development of the housing sector has now spread to the suburban areas ofDenpasar; even some rural areas in Bali have become targets of housingdevelopers. Designing and arranging of houses through ergonomic interventioncomprises one of several efforts for improving the houses’ quality in terms oftheir natural comfort. The ergonomic intervention should meet such criteria as tobe technically applicable, less costly, energy saving especially that of electricity,socio-culturally convenience, and environment friendly. This experimental studybeing reported applied a treatment by subject design, in which eight houses wereselected as sample, located in the housing complex of Perumahan Nuansa KoriSading Mengwi Badung. Of the eight sampled houses, each two houses facednorth, south, east and west, respectively. Twenty six occupants of the eightsampled houses were interviewed using a questionnaire. All samples wereselected by stratified random sampling. The ergonomic intervention comprisedremodeling of ventilation and windows of all the sampled houses. Data collectingof objective comfort was carried out before and after intervention i.e. at 8 am, 10am, 12 pm, 2 pm, 4 pm and 8 pm, by measuring temperature, humidity, lightintensity, and airflow. Data of subjective comfort were collected by questionnaire,which had been tested earlier for its validity and reliability. The results showedthat (1) before intervention the average of wet temperature was 23.66 ± 1.36 ºC,after intervention was 23.09 ± 1.20 ºC; (2) before intervention the average of drytemperature was 28.76 ± 1.07 ºC, after intervention was 27.88 ± 0.73 ºC; (3)relative humidity before intervention was 73.44 ± 4.37 %, after intervention was72.63 ± 2.73 %; (4) natural light intensity before intervention was 134.94 ± 71.69lux, after intervention was 229.69 ± 114.53 lux; (5) the average of airflow beforeintervention was 0.10 ± 0.04 m/sc, after intervention was 0.31 ± 0.08 m/sc; and(6) electricity saving resulted in 11% as evidenced by decrease of electricity billby 8%. The conclusions could be arawn are (1) that ergonomic intervention byremodeling ventilation and windows of houses type 36/120 could improveobjective comfort by 12.4% (p<0.05), along with increase of subjective comfort ofthe occupants of the houses facing all directions; dan (2) moreover, electricitysaving resulted in 11% (p<0.05) as evidenced by decrease of electricity bill by 8%(p<0.05). This study suggests that ergonomic intervention should be applied sinceearly in the construction of houses in order to make them cheaper, healthier, andmore comfortable.
THE ROLE OF INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-? (TNF-?), AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) ON HYPERGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS Wiryana, Made; Suastika, Ketut; Bagianto, Hari; Bakta, Made
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patientsin the ICU, although they have not previously had diabetes. It has been reportedthat pronounced hyperglycemia may lead to complications in such patients, andcause the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, although controlled trial dataare still lacking. The current debatable issue, focusing on whether the intensiveinsulin therapy, aimed at normalizing blood glucose, may improvepatients’prognosis. Then, the debate is mainly about the time to start the therapy,and target of blood glucose level. Therefore, this research is mainly designed andaimed at knowing the difference between intensive insulin therapy andconventional insulin therapy on the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD),decrease of cytokine production (TNF-? and IL-6), increase of albumin level, andevent of SIRSThis study was carried out in a randomly pre and post-test control groupdesign, involving 40 adult patients being nursed through the ICU Sanglah hospitalDenpasar. They were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy, inwhich blood glucose was decreased and maintained at the level between 80-110mg/dl, or conventional insulin therapy in which the insulin was infused only if theblood glucose level exceeded 215 mg/dl, decreased and maintained then at thelevel between 180-200 mg/dl.The result of the study showed that there was (1) significant increase ofSOD mean level (370. 70 vs 98.50 U/gHb, p=0.001); (2) no significant decreaseof TNF-? mean level; (3) significant decrease of IL-6 mean level (10.26 vs 2.25;p=0.023); (4) significant increase of albumin mean level ( 0.62 vs 0.22); (5)significant decrease of SIRS (10 % vs 40 %, p=0.000) on intensive insulin therapygroup compared to conventional insulin therapy group. It can be concluded thatintensive insulin therapy could maintain blood glucose level between 80 – 110mg/dl, increase SOD level, decrease IL-6 level, increase albumin level, anddecrease SIRS on hyperglycemia in critically ill ICU patients.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ELISA TEST USING 30 KDA RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN TO DETECT Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION IN PIG WITH MICE BIOASSAY AS A GOLD STANDARD Nyoman Adi Suratma1????, I Made Bakta2, I Made Damriyasa3 Adi Suratma, Nyoman; Bakta, I Made; Damriyasa, I Made
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii.Primary infection in pregnant women can cause abortion, neonatal death or abnormalityof fetus. Accurate diagnosis is needed to prevent infection especially related to thepresence of cyst in the tissuesThe aim of this research was to study sensitivity and specificity of ELISAmethod with 30 kDa protein antigen to detect T.gondii infection in pig with micebioassay as gold standard.. Samples were 171 pigs slaughtered at pig slaughter house inDarmasaba BadungThe result showed that sensitivity of ELISA method was 100% and 90,7% inspecificity.Research about sensitivity using ELISA test to predict cysts presence in tissuewere needed in the future.
REDESIGN OF WORK PLACE AND SYSTEM WITH ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SKT (HAND ROLLED CIGARETTE) ROLLERS AT CIGARETTE INDUSTRY “X” IN KEDIRI EAST JAVA Sajiyo, H; Manuaba, Adnyana; Adiputra, Nyoman; Sutjana, Putu
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

In this research ergonomic intervention of the 4 main factors influencingperformance was conducted. The four main factors are : (a) intervention of humancovering the change in position of the SKT rollers from the position of facing oneanother into that of facing the same direction, from the hunchbacked sitting positioninto the upright one; (b) intervention of work equipment covering the changes inform, dimension, table and chair size, and layouts of space and work facilities ; (c)intervention of work system covering the changes in work process arrangement, rightand left hand movement, time allocated for active break and in the removal oftobacco which used to be done by the knockers but now is done by the rollers; (d)intervention of work environment, that is, exhaust installation to regulate thecirculation and wind humidity in the SKT rollers’ room. Redesign of place and worksystem with ergonomic intervention contribute to : (a) the decrease in work loadfrom medium category into light category; (b) the decrease in work tiredness frombeing very tired category into being not tired; (c) the decrease in musculoskeletalcomplaint from high category (being disturbed) into light category (beingundisturbed); (d) the decrease in medical treatment cost by 56,97%; (e) the increasein work productivity by 41,47%; (f) the increase in the SKT rollers’ salaries by15,10%; and (g) the increase in the company’s profit by 12,76%. Generally, redesignof place and work system can increase the performance of the SKT rollers at cigaretteindustry “X” at Kediri, East Java. Therefore, it has been suggested that the companycontinue to redesign the place and work system with ergonomic intervention in theother units.

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