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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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 1 
Effect of Diphenyl Diselenide on Blood Glucose Level and Hepatic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Morayo, Ale Ebenezer; Umaru, Isaac John; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3630

Abstract

Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an organoselenium compound that exhibits multi-pharmacological activities owing to its glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) mimicry. Herein, the effect of DPDS on blood sugar and hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats was investigated. Twenty albino rats were distributed into four groups: A was the normal control and recieved distilled water only, B was the negative control and recieved alloxan, C was the tested group and received alloxan with DPDS treatment, and D was the positive control and recieved alloxan with glibenclamide (standard andtidiabetic drug). Rats were induced with alloxan, and treated for 14 days. Animals weight and blood glucose level were measured, and on the last day, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the liver function analysis. Result revealed that alloxan administration led to a marked (p<0.05) fall in weights, but weight loss was reversed upon DPDS treatment. In addition, there was a profound (p<0.05) increase in blood glucose level of alloxan-treated rats. Nonetheless, treatment with DPDS exerted marked (P< 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level across day 7 and 14. Furthermore, the activities of serum hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were markedly (p<0.05) increased with concomitant reduction in the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin, but be that as it may, treatment with DPDS restored normalcy to the hepatic abnormalities and this effect was comparable to the standard drug. DPDS could therefore be suggested for future development of novel drug for diabetes and diabetes related complications.
A Review: Role of Aldosterone in Hypertension Audu, Jankada Patience; Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary; Ipav, Selumun Solomon; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3663

Abstract

In Western societies, hypertension affects up to 20% of the population, making it a significant public health concern. The rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory despite advancements in treatment. Since hypertension is a complex disorder, there is rarely a single, obvious cause identified for so-called "essential" hypertension. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans, aldosterone is increasingly understood to contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity. Its role in hypertension has also been examined in view of recent research suggesting that up to 15% of hypertensive individuals exhibit a key phenotype of increased aldosterone biosynthesis, as indicated by an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio. Excessive production or activity of mineralocorticoids is a significant contributing factor to secondary hypertension. Humans' basic mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and when an aldosterone-secreting adenoma (Conns tumour) is linked to primary aldosterone excess, it can be surgically treated. Although primary aldosteronism was once thought to be rare, recent studies have reported preval_ence rates of up to 20% among hypertensive patients. This reflects the increasing use of the plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio (ARR), which is a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion. Traditionally, patients with Conns tumour present with spontaneous hypokalaemia and have a relative excess of aldosterone production with suppression of plasma levels of renin (a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion).
Determination of Mineral, Vitamin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Telfairia Occidentalis Seed Jabir, Abdulmumin; Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan; Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Umaru, Isaac John; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3665

Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis, also known as fluted pumpkin, is a widely cultivated vegetable in West Africa with potential nutritional and health benefits. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals and tubers; however, there is lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the mineral of fluted pumpkin seeds in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant properties of T. occidentalis seeds. The seeds were analyzed for their mineral content (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and sodium), vitamin content (vitamins A, C, and E), and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the seeds were rich in essential minerals, especially manganese; 573.01±0.39mg/kg, sodium; 525.02±0.91mg/kg, calcium; 297.06±1.05mg/kg, iron; 53.42±0.59mg/kg and zinc; 5.65±0.01mg/kg. The seeds exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as measured by various in vitro assays. The presence of vitamin E (35.54±0.47mg/kg), vitamin C (20.20±0.44mg/kg) and vitamin A (15.17±0.16mg/kg). The low levels of antioxidant activity ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.49±0.01) and hydrogen scavenging activity (1.20±0.01) makes the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) safe for consumption. These findings suggest that T. occidentalis seeds could be a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Further research is warranted to explore the nutritional and therapeutic applications of this underutilized seed crop.
Phytochemicals Screening, Minerals Composition and Proximate Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum) Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar; Goje, Lazaru Joseph; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3666

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant with potential health benefits. The use of medicinal plants as remedies or medicine in prevention and treatment of several diseases was in place for many years. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among those plants because it possesses those characteristics. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition, and proximate analysis of garlic. The qualitative phytochemicals screening of garlic ethanolic extract reveals the presence of Tannins, Alkaloid, Saponin, steroid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoid while the quantitative shows that the extract composed of Alkaloid 10%, Saponin 5.30%, Tannin 4.10 µg/ml, Glycosides 4.40%, flavonoid 2.20%, phenols 3.14 µg/ml. The proximate analysis reveals that the garlic extract contains carbohydrate 65.84%, fiber 7.14%, fat 2.15%,ash 9.90%,moisture 7.58%, protein 7.30% The determination of some minerals composition in (mg/kg) reveals that the extract is composed of sodium(22mg/kg), potassium(531.5 mg/kg), zinc(7.1 mg/kg), copper(0.36 mg/kg), Iron(2.7 mg/kg), calcium(233 mg/kg) and magnesium(35.4 mg/kg) respectively were also detected, highlighting garlic's potential as a nutraceutical food supplement.. This research contributes valuable insights into the bioactive components of garlic, supporting its traditional use and potential health benefits. Further studies could explore its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties.
Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Timothy, Mgbede; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; A, Ajala-Lawal R.; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Morolake, Olabanji Martina; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

Abstract

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.
Effect of Medicinal Plants on Liver and Malaria Pathogenesis Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3674

Abstract

This seminar reviewed the literatures on the effects of medicinal plants on liver and malaria pathogenesis. Malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that takes place both inside the mosquito and human beings. Generally, diagnosis of malaria is classified into clinical and parasitological diagnoses. Lack of clear understanding on the overall biology of Plasmodium (malaria), its life cycle and its mechanism of action has created a challenge in an effort to develop new drugs, and preventive methods against malaria such as using malaria vaccines and vector control. They have been a rise in the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines over the years. The use of herbal plants or their preparations in the management of various diseases including liver diseases has been practiced for several decades and its extension in current dispensation is recognized. It has been shown that the effect of medicinal plants is somehow related to belief, tradition and culture of the community. However, there are growing concerns related to the safety and toxicities of these medicines. These herbal medicines are associated with complications such as liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases with abnormal liver functions tests to sudden and severe liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. The liver is a very important organ with a lot of functions such as metabolism, detoxification, and storage of nutrients for the host to survive. Standard liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, globulin are essential when carrying out liver function tests. Medicinal plant components are essential for and can be beneficial or detrimental to the healthy or diseased liver. Medicinal Plants are an essential part of the human diet and comprise various compounds (photochemical) such as alkaloid (pyrrolizidine), kavalactone which are related to liver health. Selected medicinal plants can provide nutritional and medicinal support for liver diseases. At the present, the knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants on the liver is still incomplete. The most urgent task at the present time is to find the best dietary and medicinal plants for liver health in an endless list of candidates globally. This review updates the knowledge about the effects of medicinal plants consumption on the health of the liver, putting particular emphasis on the potential beneficial and harmful impact of medicinal plants on liver function.
Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera on Liver Function of Aspirin-Induced Male Albino Rats Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah; Chinedu, Imo; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Philip, Shadrach; Mohammed, Rashida Ismail; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3675

Abstract

This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on the liver function of male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are commonly consumed by natives in northern Nigeria for therapeutic purposes. Eighty-four (84) healthy male albino rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly distributed into six groups of ten animals each, while 24 rats were used for lethal dose (LD50) analysis. The animals were administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days respectively after induction with aspirin. The study was carried out in two phases: The animals were induced with 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin 12 hours before the commencement of the experiment, the test animals were administered ethanolic extract of fruit of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days and sacrificed at the end of each test phase respectively, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was harvested at the end of each phase, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. The result of liver function parameters showed that the mean values of alanine transaminase (ALT) after five-day of treatment decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) in groups 4, 5 and 6 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4 when compared to normal control. Also, ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2. There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of aspartate transaminase (AST) across all groups except group 2. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups, but increased non-significantly in group 2. The same trend was observed in the values of ALT, AST, and ALP after 14 days of treatment. Photomicrograph of the liver section of normal rats showed normal central vein, sinusoids and hepatocytes as well as that of the treated animals. Photomicrograph of liver section of rat administered aspirin only showed slightly dilated portal triad after five days. The study suggests that the ethanolic extracts from fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera may have active ingredients that are capable of improving some liver functions.
Co-Authors A, Ajala-Lawal R. Abah, Moses Adondua Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Ahmed, Maryam Usman Akafa, Ranyang R. Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Alooma, Emmanuel Audu, Jankada Patience Ayara, Charles Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Chinedu, Imo Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid David, Izam Emmanuel Eli, Isaac Kogi Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses Goje, Lazaru Joseph Habibu, Bilyaminu Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah Jabir, Abdulmumin Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde Makanjuola, Victor Mohammed, Rashida Ismail Morayo, Ale Ebenezer Morolake, Olabanji Martina Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu Philip, Shadrach Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan Timothy, Mgbede Ujah, Williams Oche Umaru, Isaac John Williams, Queen Uyo Wilson, Ubur Terzulum