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Metagenomic Mining of Antimicrobial Compounds from Extreme Environments: A Systematic Review Prayogo, Fitra Adi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.293

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health crisis, necessitating novel drug discovery approaches. Extreme environments harbor unique microbial communities that produce specialized metabolites, yet systematic assessment of their biosynthetic potential through metagenomics remains lacking. Objective: To systematically review evidence on metagenomic mining strategies for discovering biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with antimicrobial potential from extreme environments. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through December 2025. The primary reviewer screened all 487 records; a blinded second reviewer independently verified a random 20% subset at each stage (κ = 0.79–0.85). Quality assessment used an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fifteen studies met all inclusion criteria. Results: The 15 included studies identified over 14,000 BGCs (excluding the Paoli et al. [2022] global ocean dataset reported separately) across Antarctic/psychrophilic (5 studies), marine/deep-sea (4 studies), halophilic/hypersaline (2 studies), arid/desert environments (2 studies), and extreme soil communities (2 studies). Dominant BGC classes included terpenes, NRPS, RiPPs, and PKS. Studies employing long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore/PacBio) recovered substantially more complete BGCs compared with short-read approaches. Between 60–99% of detected BGCs across most environments lacked characterized homologs in the MIBiG database. Experimental validation of predicted antimicrobial activity was limited: only 2 studies (13.3%) confirmed direct antimicrobial or cytotoxic bioactivity through bioassays or compound isolation; 1 additional study (6.7%) provided indirect evidence of active BGC expression via metatranscriptomics; and the remaining 12 studies (80%) relied solely on in silico prediction. Conclusion: Extreme-environment metagenomics reveals remarkable biosynthetic diversity with substantial novelty. Long-read sequencing and updated bioinformatic platforms have significantly enhanced BGC detection. The critical gap between computational prediction and experimental validation of antimicrobial bioactivity remains the primary barrier to therapeutic translation.
Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of a Structured Walking Intervention on Body Composition Among Biomedical Science Students: A Pilot Study Amelia, Poppy Fransisca; Prayogo, Fitra Adi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.303

Abstract

Background: Sedentary behavior among university students contributes to adverse changes in body composition and long-term metabolic risk. Walking represents a simple and accessible form of aerobic activity with potential health benefits. Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and explore preliminary trends in body composition changes following a four-week structured walking intervention among biomedical science students. Methods: A pilot quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among three undergraduate biomedical science students. Participants performed 30 minutes of light-to-moderate intensity walking, 3–4 times per week, for four weeks. Body composition parameters—including body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, muscle percentage, and visceral fat—were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: After four weeks, varied changes in body composition were observed across participants. One participant showed a tendency toward reduced fat percentage in the later weeks of intervention, while muscle percentage was generally maintained or slightly decreased. Body weight showed modest increases across all participants. No adverse events were reported, and all participants completed the protocol, indicating good feasibility. Conclusion: A structured walking program appeared feasible and was associated with preliminary trends in body composition among young adults, though the direction and magnitude of changes varied individually. The findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the very small sample size. Larger randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up and dietary monitoring are required to confirm these preliminary observations.
Spirulina sebagai Agen Kardioprotektif Potensial terhadap Dislipidemia Akibat Minyak Goreng Bekas: Studi Eksperimental dengan Wawasan Mekanistik: Spirulina sebagai Agen Kardioprotektif Potensial terhadap Dislipidemia Akibat Minyak Goreng Bekas: Studi Eksperimental dengan Wawasan Mekanistik Royhanaty, Isy; Prayogo, Fitra Adi; Amelia, Poppy Fransisca; Elza, Stefani; Wijayanti, Eka Anita; Falasifah, Falasifah
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 10 No. 1SP (2026): AMERTA NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTARY EDITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v10i1SP.2026.68-73

Abstract

Background: Repeatedly heated cooking oil promotes dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, both major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Spirulina platensis, a microalga rich in bioactive compounds, has been proposed as a protective agent against these effects. Objectives: This study evaluated the protective effects of Spirulina platensis on dyslipidemia and oxidative stress induced by repeatedly heated cooking oil in Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (220–250 g) were divided into three groups (n=6): a negative control (standard diet), a positive control (standard diet plus heated cooking oil, 2 mL/rat/day), and a treatment group (heated oil plus spirulina, 330 mg/kg BW/day). After 28 days, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, atherogenic index, MDA, GSH, and SOD were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Compared with the positive control, spirulina lowered total cholesterol from 180.0±15.6 to 140.0±9.5 mg/dL (−22.2%, p-value<0.001), triglycerides from 150.0±18.7 to 100.0±10.3 mg/dL (−33.3%, p-value<0.001), and LDL-C from 120.0±16.8 to 80.0±8.7 mg/dL (−33.3%, p-value<0.001). HDL-C rose from 30.0±4.2 to 45.0±6.1 mg/dL (+50.0%, p-value<0.001), while the atherogenic index fell from 5.0±0.8 to 2.1±0.4 (−58.0%, p-value<0.001). Oxidative stress markers also improved: MDA decreased from 7.28±0.92 to 4.33±0.58 nmol/mL (−40.5%), GSH increased from 2.20±0.38 to 3.44±0.46 µmol/L (+56.4%), and SOD from 4.18±0.72 to 6.97±0.83 U/mL (+66.7%) (all p-value<0.001). Conclusions: Spirulina supplementation (330 mg/kg BW/day) significantly attenuated dyslipidemia and oxidative stress induced by repeatedly heated cooking oil, improving lipid parameters by 22–50% and antioxidant status by 40–67%. These findings suggest spirulina has cardioprotective potential against oxidized dietary fats.