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All Journal VALENSI Communications in Science and Technology Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.) Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry International Journal for Disaster and Development Interface JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCINECES AND HEALTH
Huda, Muhammad Badrul
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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The Analysis of Tsunami Hazard and Determination of Evacuation Routes Based on GIS in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Pacitan District, Pacitan Regency) Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Jumadi, Jumadi; Ibrahim, Mohd Hairy
International Journal for Disaster and Development Interface Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): October 2023
Publisher : Amcolabora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53824/ijddi.v3i2.53

Abstract

The south of Java is a vulnerable to tsunami disasters. Pacitan District is a coastal area in the south of Java, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Its location, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, is one of the areas that is prone to tsunami disasters. The purpose of this study were to analyze the spatial distribution of the tsunami hazard in the Pacitan District Coastal area under the 8.0 Mw earthquake scenario and to model the optimal evacuation route for handling the tsunami disaster in Pacitan District. Tsunami wave modeling uses Delft3D-Flow software, which is based on the Shallow Water Equations and Hloss calculations to determine the inundation area. Using GIS with the Least-Cost Path method to determine the optimal path for tsunami evacuation. The results showed that the tsunami wave height on the coastline was 5 meters high. A total area of 571.79 hectares of tsunami-affected area. The inundation area for each affected area is 239.70 ha in Sidoharjo Village, 190.87 ha in Ploso Village, and 141.22 ha in Kembang Village. Determination of evacuation routes obtained five evacuation routes. The travel time for the evacuation process with walking takes more than 30 minutes, whereas using a motorized vehicle is less than 10 minutes.
One pot two-step borylation/fluorination reaction of dysobinin from Chisocheton macrophyllus and its cytotoxicity against cancer cell Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Nurlelasari; Safriansyah, Wahyu; Fajar, Mohamad; Widiyowati, Iis Intan; Supratman, Unang; Permana, Yessi; Budiman, Yudha P.
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.9.2.2024.1514

Abstract

Dysobinin is a naturally occurred limonoid, which is a specific form of triterpenoid, mostly found in certain plants, particularly the Meliaceae family. Overall, it has been found that limonoids have a wide range of biological functions. Typically, the compound comprises anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Even though dysobinin has shown some effectiveness, its potential in pharmacology, so far, is found limited. This study, therefore, aims to enhance the pharmacological properties of dysobinin through the addition of fluorine. To do this, a one-pot, two-step reaction comprising C-H borylation and selectfluor was used to turn dysobinin into two new compounds: 1,2-dihydro-6?-acetoxyazadirone (5) and 1?-fluorodysobinin (6). After the transformation, various spectroscopic methods, including UV (Ultraviolet), IR (infrared), MS (mass spectra), as well as NMR (1D and 2D) were applied to figure out the structures of the new compounds. Accordingly, of the derived compounds, 1?-fluorodysobinin showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells when compared to dysobinin.
Perbandingan Metode Soxhletasi dan Perebusan untuk Isolasi Kafein dari Daun Teh Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Prayogo, Fitra Adi
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Volume 2 Nomor 1 Bulan Februari 2025
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/z33a0j76

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan memurnikan kafein dari daun teh (Camellia sinensis) menggunakan dua metode ekstraksi: soxhletasi dan perebusan. Prinsip "like dissolves like" diterapkan dalam pemilihan pelarut untuk ekstraksi kafein. Kedua metode diikuti dengan kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi untuk meningkatkan kemurnian kafein yang diisolasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam rendemen dan kemurnian kafein yang diperoleh. Metode perebusan menghasilkan rendemen kafein sebesar 0,38% dengan titik leleh 235°C, mendekati nilai literatur untuk kafein murni (235-238°C). Sebaliknya, metode soxhletasi menghasilkan rendemen lebih rendah sebesar 0,008% dengan titik leleh 210°C, mengindikasikan kemurnian yang lebih rendah. Analisis visual kristal kafein juga menunjukkan perbedaan, dengan metode perebusan menghasilkan kristal putih-hijau dan metode soxhletasi menghasilkan kristal oranye-coklat. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pemilihan metode ekstraksi yang tepat untuk optimalisasi hasil dan kemurnian kafein dari daun teh, dengan implikasi signifikan untuk aplikasi dalam industri makanan, minuman, dan farmasi. Kata kunci: Caffeine, Tea Leaves, Soxhlet Extraction, Boiling Method, Crystallization   ABSTRACT This study aimed to isolate and purify caffeine from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) using two extraction methods: soxhletation and boiling. The principle of "like dissolves like" was applied in selecting solvents for the extraction of caffeine, a nonpolar compound that is more soluble in organic solvents. Both methods were followed by crystallization and recrystallization to improve the purity of the isolated caffeine. The results showed significant differences in the yield and purity of the caffeine obtained. The boiling method produced a caffeine yield of 0.38% with a melting point of 235°C, close to the literature value for pure caffeine (235-238°C). In contrast, the soxhletation method produced a lower yield of 0.008% with a melting point of 210°C, indicating lower purity. Visual analysis of the caffeine crystals also showed differences, with the boiling method producing white-green crystals and the soxhletation method producing orange-brown crystals. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate extraction method to optimize the yield and purity of caffeine from tea leaves, with significant implications for applications in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Caffeine, Tea Leaves, Soxhlet Extraction, Boiling Method, Crystallization
Fabrikasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Triterpenoid dari Daun Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens) Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Fachriyah, Enny; Wibawa, Pratama Jujur
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 1 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gjec.2025.27478

Abstract

Gynura procumbens (sambung nyawa) tergolong dalam famili Compositae atau Asteraceae, merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang secara tradisional digunakan di beberapa negara di Asia Tenggara terutama Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand. Kajian fitokimia ekstrak etanol G. procumbens menunjukkan adanya flavonoid kuersetin, tanin, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, asam kafeat, asam vanilat, asam parakumarat, asam klorogenat dan asam parahidroksi benzoat. Dalam hal ini senyawa triterpenoid secara khusus mempunyai nilai ekologi karena senyawa ini bekerja sebagai antifungi, insektisida, antibakteri dan antivirus. Fakta ini mendorong perlunya peningkatan sifat bioaktif triterpenoid agar dapat digunakan dalam bidang-bidang tersebut secara lebih efektif dan efesien. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan bioaktifitas suatu senyawa adalah dengan membuat nanopartikel. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini betujuan untuk memperoleh isolat triterpenoid dari ekstrak n-heksana daun sambung nyawa dan memperoleh nanopartikel triterpenoid untuk meningkatkan sifat bioaktifitasnya. Secara garis besar penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua tahap, pertama adalah isolasi dan karakterisasi triterpenoid dari ekstrak n-heksana daun sambung nyawa. Kedua adalah sintesis dan karakterisasi nanopartikel triterpenoid. Ketiga adalah uji aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk daun sambung nyawa memiliki komponen aktif triterpenoid. Ekstrak kental n-heksana diperoleh sebanyak 9.75 gram dengan rendeman sebesar 3.58%. Uji triterpenoid pada ekstrak kental n-heksana menunjukkan hasil positif dengan terbentuknya warna hijau-biru. Hasil kromatografi kolom diperoleh 10 fraksi (A-J), dimana fraksi I positif triterpenoid. Hasil pemisahan fraksi I dengan KLT preparatif menghasilkan 5 pita pada lampu uv 365, dengan pita I4 positif triterpenoid sehingga dilakukan analisis dengan GC-MS. Hasil data analisis GC-MS menunjukkan isolat belum murni karena terdapat 2 peak yang menunjukkan senyawa triterpenoid. Puncak kedua diduga merupakan  senyawa Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol.  Berdasarkan analisa PSA triterpenoid telah berukuran 216.3 nm. Hasil uji  aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan nanopartikel bersifat selektif terhadap bakteri S.aureus dengan daya hambat yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan isolat tanpa sonikasi.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Cinamaldehyde/AgNp Schiff Base Composite Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Rinaryadi, Kemilau Permata Hati; Ngadiwiyana, Ngadiwiyana; Christwardana, Marcelinus; Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum Ria; Ismiyarto, Ismiyarto
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 11, No. 1, May 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v11i1.45121

Abstract

Chitosan is a material that has antibacterial properties. Chitosan was modified with cinnamaldehyde to form chitosan Schiff base, which acts as a capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The Schiff base product was modified again into a silver nanoparticle Schiff base composite to improve its ability as a capping agent and improve its antibacterial properties. This study aims to synthesize a chitosan-cinnamaldehyde/AgNP Schiff base composite (CCSB/AgNP) as an active ingredient with excellent antibacterial properties. The first stage was the synthesis of a chitosan-cinnamaldehyde Schiff base. In the second stage, the synthesis of the chitosan/AgNP composite was carried out by adding STPP with sonication and a water bath. The third stage involved synthesizing of the CCSB/AgNP composite using the same method as the second stage employing both heating and non-heating as well as sonication and non-sonication. The product was characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, mapping, and AAS. Antibacterial tests were performed on the synthesized product using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Chitosan has a molecular weight of 338080 g/mol and a degree of deacetylation of 65.09%. The Schiff base product of chitosan-cinnamaldehyde is a brownish-yellow solid with a yield of 76.9% (w/w) and a degree of substitution of 87.02%. The presence of Ag was confirmed by EDX mapping, which revealed mass percentages of 0.26%, 1.00%, and 3.97% for C/AgNP-1, C/AgNP-2, and CCSB/AgNP-2, respectively. The chitosan/AgNP product has a yield of 97% (w/w) and an SPR effect at 439 nm. The synthesis of CCSB/AgNP obtained a dark green solid with a yield of 87% (w/w) and an SPR effect at 433 nm. The antibacterial activity test yielded the highest percentage reduction in the number of bacteria in CCSB/AgNP at 3 days of observation at 95.1%, and 7 days at 94.1%. 
In Silico Study: Molecular Docking and Toxicity Prediction of Pyrazoline Derivatives with Potential as Anti-Inflammatory Wiratama, Minandre; Rahmi, Azimatur; Huda, Muhammad Badrul; Hasibuan, Anggi Khairina Hanum
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud. December 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i2.73

Abstract

Research on heterocyclic compounds suggested that pharmacologically active agents featuring pyrazoline played a crucial role in medicinal chemistry. When fused with other heterocycles, pyrazoline, as a quiescent heterocyclic moiety, resulted in the enhancement of biological properties. Therefore, synthesizing these compounds had attracted the attention of researchers focused on designing novel drugs. The addition of substituents to the N-pyrazoline atom and modifications to the benzene ring of pyrazoline compounds were essential for the identification of pyrazoline derivatives exhibiting enhanced biological activity. Extensive research had shown that pyrazoline compounds had significant biological effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation was the body's reaction to infection or injury and marked by symptoms such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain. This research involved a computational analysis of pyrazoline compounds utilizing molecular docking with AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina software on four pyrazoline derivative compounds (pyrazolines 1-4). Simultaneously, their toxicity was assessed through online pkCSM to evaluate their potential as anti-inflammatory drug candidates. The interaction between the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) receptor (PDB: 4PH9) and pyrazoline derivatives showed that pyrazoline 2 (1-benzoyl-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-2-pyrazoline) exhibited the highest binding affinity of -8.0 kcal/mol compared to pyrazoline derivatives 1, 3, 4 and ibuprofen as native ligands also in the molecular docking test with values ​​of -7.1; -7.7; -7.6; and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity evaluation for pyrazoline 2 also suggested that this compound was non-toxic, non-hepatotoxic, and did not induce skin sensitization, with an Oral Rat Acute Toxicity (LOAEL) score of 1.417 log (mg/kg_bw/day).
Co-Authors ANGGI KHAIRINA HANUM HASIBUAN Azimatur Rahmi Budiman, Yudha P. Enny Fachriyah Fajar, Mohamad Ibrahim, Mohd Hairy Iis Intan Widiyowati Ismiyarto Ismitarto Jumadi Jumadi Marcelinus Christwardana Ngadiwiyana M.Si. S.Si. Nurlelasari Pratama Jujur Wibawa Prayogo, Fitra Adi Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono Rinaryadi, Kemilau Permata Hati Safriansyah, Wahyu Unang Supratman Wiratama, Minandre Yessi Permana