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All Journal DIKSI Litera Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL) Linguistik Indonesia Metahumaniora Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia : Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Multikultura Jurnal bahasa, sastra, seni, dan pengajarannya
Bernadette Kushartanti
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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LANGUAGE SOCIALIZATION IN FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH TERMS OF ADDRESS TO CHILDREN Wira Kurniawati; Suhandano Suhandano; Bernadette Kushartanti
LITERA Vol 20, No 2: LITERA JULI 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v20i2.39455

Abstract

As a linguistic resource, term of address in language socialization can become a means to make children competent in language and in society. This article aims to describe the practice of language socialization that is reflected from terms of address used by parents with children in the family environment. The study took place in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The data were obtained through questionnaires and observations. The questionnaires were distributed to parents through six schools (Play Groups, Day Care Centers, and Kindergartens) in the city center of Sleman Regency (N=145). Meanwhile, observations were made on five families living in urban Sleman. The data were analyzed by qualitative method which began with classifying the forms of address to then find out the motivation and socialization values contained in these forms of address. The results of the research indicated that, as a linguistic resource, several forms of address with various motivations were found. The forms and motivations for the preferred addresses toward children indicated that in urban family environments parents tend to rely on child-centered communication during the language socialization process. In this case, parents adapted their language usage to meet their children’s developmental levels. This is evident from the use of address in the form of proper names and kinship terms (which can be followed by proper names) that are utilized to avoid the use of second person pronouns. In addition, there is an emphasis on affection conveyed through addresses in the form of adjectival nominalization, nominal forms, terms of endearment, and various forms of appositives. The values reflected in the selection of such addresses are courtesy, affection, hope, cultural and religious identity, and position of society between locality and nationality.   Keywords: language socialization; address to children; family environment SOSIALISASI BAHASA DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA MELALUI KATA SAPAAN UNTUK ANAK-ANAK AbstrakSebagai salah satu sumber kebahasaan, pemakaian sapaan dalam sosialisasi bahasa dapat menjadi sarana untuk menyosialisasikan anak agar memiliki kecakapan dalam berbahasa dan bermasyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sosialisasi bahasa yang tecermin dari pemakaian kata sapaan oleh orang tua kepada anak di lingkungan keluarga. Penelitian berlangsung di Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan observasi. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada orang tua melalui enam sekolah (Kelompok Bermain, Tempat Penitipan Anak, dan Taman Kanak-Kanak) di Kabupaten Sleman (N = 145), sedangkan observasi dilakukan terhadap lima keluarga yang tinggal di lingkungan urban Sleman. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang diawali dengan melakukan klasifikasi bentuk-bentuk sapaan untuk kemudian mengetahui motivasi dan nilai sosialisasi yang terkandung dari bentuk-bentuk sapaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagai sumber kebahasaan dalam sosialisasi, ditemukan beberapa bentuk sapaan dan berbagai motivasi pemakaiannya. Bentuk dan motivasi sapaan untuk anak-anak menunjukkan bahwa orang tua cenderung menggunakan komunikasi yang berpusat pada anak. Orang tua menyesuaikan penggunaan bahasa mereka untuk memenuhi tingkat perkembangan anak mereka. Hal ini terlihat dari penggunaan sapaan berupa nama diri dan istilah kekerabatan (yang dapat diikuti dengan nama diri) yang digunakan untuk menghindari penggunaan kata ganti orang kedua. Selain itu, ada penekanan pada aspek afeksi melalui sapaan berupa nominalisasi kata sifat, bentuk nominal, bentuk ungkapan kasih, dan berbagai bentuk apositif. Pemilihan jenis-jenis sapaan tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai yang secara implisit diajarkan kepada anak, yaitu kesopanan, kasih sayang, harapan, identitas budaya dan agama, serta identitas masyarakat di antara lokalitas dan nasionalitas. Kata kunci: sosialisasi bahasa, sapaan pada anak, lingkungan keluarga
THE LINGUISTIC CHOICE BY INDONESIAN-SPEAKING ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY IN TANGERANG Bernadette Kushartanti
Linguistik Indonesia Vol 38, No 1 (2020): Linguistik Indonesia
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (420.473 KB) | DOI: 10.26499/li.v38i1.141

Abstract

This study presents a result of a survey on linguistic choice by adolescents who live in Tangerang, a neighboring area of Jakarta. In this study, we observed their use of Bahasa Indonesia (BI), Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian (CJI), foreign language (FL), regional language (RL), and mixed language (ML) in interactions with different addresees in daily activities: parents, teachers, friends, siblings, grandparents, uncles/aunts, and new acquaintances. Data in this study were collected from questionnaires, distributed at two secondary schools (SMP) and two senior high schools—a sekolah menengah umum ‘general senior high school’(SMU) and a sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) ‘vocational senior high school’ (SMK) which are located in Tangerang. The participants in this study are the students, aged 13 to 19 years old (N=748). It is found that BI and CJI were frequently used by these teenagers. They tended to use BI in interactions—spoken and written—with the older and respected people (teachers, parents, and grandparents) or those who are not familiar with them. CJI is used to those who are socially equal to them. Some of them used ML. Only a few of these participants use RL, and very few use FL. This study also finds that there are differences on the pattern between the use of BI and CJI in spoken and written interactions. Another factor that makes the difference between these varieties is the educational level. Findings in this study indicates that these languages—especially BI and CJI—have functions respectively, and the respondents’s choice is strongly influenced by the status of the participants and social contexts.
Children's use of Bahasa Indonesia in Jakarta kindergartens Kushartanti, Bernadette; Van de Velde, Hans; Everaert, Martin
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 16, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

At a very young age children living in Jakarta use both Colloquial Jakarta Indonesia and Bahasa Indonesia. The children's first and most used language is Colloquial Jakarta Indonesia. In the formal school setting Bahasa Indonesia is frequently used and stimulated on a daily basis, and the learning process of Bahasa Indonesia is accelerated. The question addressed in this article is: how do these children choose from their repertoire of language varieties at this stage of language development? In our study 63 children (aged three to five), were interviewed in a formal and an informal situation in three playgroups and kindergartens. This study shows that even in the preschool setting, young children are already developing their sociolinguistic competence, knowing when to choose which language variety.
The acquisition of stylistic variation by Jakarta Indonesian Children Kushartanti, Bernadette
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 16, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar: Peran Guru dalam Menyikapi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan Kushartanti, Kushartanti
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Teaching Indonesian in formal schools today is regarded as a challenge by many Indonesian teachers. In a country like Indonesia, in which language situation is very complex due to many languages and dialects (and also the fast-growing English usage in big cities), this phenomenon can be understood. Since the country's independence, there have been several curricula-one of them is Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (competence-based curriculum), the newest being Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (Unit Level of Education-Based Curriculum). The latter seems to be regarded as the most ideal curriculum, because it can be adjusted to the regions' policy. The problems are that there are still Ujian Nasional (national examination) and that the 'readability' of the curriculum is still a big question for many teachers. This paper is focused on the elementary school teacher's strategies on applying the curriculum. This paper also discusses the curriculum, some principles on language learning, and the emergence of literary matters.
DEIKSIS DALAM CERPEN “DIE KÜCHENUHR“ KARYA WOLFGANG BORCHERT Purwono, Prahoro Yudo; Kushartanti, Bernadette
Metahumaniora Vol 14, No 1 (2024): METAHUMANIORA, APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/metahumaniora.v14i1.50092

Abstract

Die Küchenuhr merupakan cerpen karya Wolfgang Borchert yang cukup terkenal, banyak dibaca dan diterjemahkan ke dalam berbagai bahasa, serta memiliki banyak deiksis-deiksis dalam narasinya. Frekuensi kemunculan deiksis yang cukup banyak ini merupakan salah satu ciri khas bahasa pada masa Trümmerliteratur, sehingga referen-referen yang ditunjukkan melalui deiksis dalam cerpen sangat mudah disalahpahami oleh pembaca. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bentuk, fungsi, dan makna deiksis dalam cerpen berjudul Die Küchenuhr karya Wolfgang Borchert. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teori pragmatik dari Huang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk deiksis persona dalam cerpen Die Küchenuhr terdapat 3 jenis, yaitu deiksis persona pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Sementara deiksis spasial ditemukan dalam bentuk leksem da dan hier. Deiksis temporal ditemukan dalam bentuk leksem jetzt dan kalimat dengan kala lampau (perfekt). Jika ditinjau secara fungsi, deiksis persona secara umum memiliki fungsi sebagai subjek dalam kalimat dan menjadi referen untuk penunjukan kata ganti orang pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Sementara deiksis spasial berfungsi sebagai adverbia tempat yang menunjukan referen suatu lokasi tertentu yang dapat berubah-ubah bergantung kognisi penutur. Deiksis temporal yang berfungsi sebagai adverbia waktu merujuk kepada kapan tuturan diujarkan dan siapa pusat tuturan tersebut (berpusat kepada waktu tuturan atau penutur) dengan leksem waktu yang digunakan, sehingga waktunya dapat berubah-ubah. Dalam kasus-kasus tertentu, khususnya pada leksem non-deiktis, kemudian penggunaan leksem tempat yang beralih fungsi sebagai konjungsi dalam kalimat, dan penggunaan leksem waktu dengan angka tertentu (seperti tanggal, jam, tahun) akan membuat semua leksem tersebut bersifat non-deiktis.
A stance-taking study of wkwk as laughter in WhatsApp-based Indonesian speaking youth conversation Widyatmoko, Edelleit Rose; Kushartanti, Bernadette
Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol 14, No 2 (2024): Vol. 14, No.2, September 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ijal.v14i2.74897

Abstract

Laughter, often overlooked as a mere emotional outlet, is a complex phenomenon with its unique charm. Online laughter, in particular, seems to differ significantly in terms of its paralanguage features from face-to-face laughter. Building on our prior understanding of how laughter and youth language is used in face-to-face communication, studying online laughter in youth conversation can provide insights into the types of information that are typically conveyed nonverbally. This is important because laughter often conveys a wealth of essential information that is not explicitly stated in the words that are used. This study takes a close look at “wkwk”, one of the Indonesian expressions of laughter in social media. This study aims to examine how the use of "wkwk" reflects interlocutors' self-positioning across different social contexts in WhatsApp-based Indonesian youth conversation. Through conversation analysis (Schegloff, 2007) and stance-taking theory (DuBois, 2007), this study examines the utterances made by interlocutors in producing laughter in chats. The findings reveal a similarity between “wkwk” and other forms of laughter in previous studies, which are closely bound to the laughable context of the conversation that serves as a key to indicate Indonesian youth language. However, the use of “wkwk” is specifically shown to indicate closeness and bond reinforcement among interlocutors. In conclusion, within the Indonesian social context of laughter, “wkwk” as a linguistic tool can facilitate the interlocutors' expression of closeness and their positioning of self and others within the online conversation.
ANALISIS HUMOR DALAM FILM NGERI-NGERI SEDAP DENGAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI RELEVANSI Angelique, Jessie Renata; Kushartanti, Kushartanti
Multikultura Vol. 3, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Film bergenre komedi-drama berjudul Ngeri-ngeri Sedap merupakan sebuah film keluarga yang mengangkat isu sosial tentang keluarga. Berlatar belakang masyarakat suku Batak, film ini mencakup tuturan-tuturan antartokoh yang dapat dikupas secara lebih mendalam. Berangkat dari teori prinsip kerja sama yang dicetuskan oleh Grice (1975), tuturan dalam film ini dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan teori relevansi Sperber dan Wilson. Selain itu, film ini telah diberi label sebagai film komedi, maka dari segi humor, tuturan pun dapat dianalisis menggunakan teori humor yang dijelaskan oleh Wijana (2004) dan Curcó (1997). Teori-teori tersebut digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian (i) bagaimana bentuk humor yang diciptakan dalam tuturan para pemeran dalam film Ngeri-ngeri Sedap? dan (ii) apa maksud tuturan-tuturan itu berdasarkan teori relevansi dan kaitannya dalam masyarakat? Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa tuturan-tuturan yang terdapat dalam film ini mengandung humor yang berasal dari emosi negatif yang dilepaskan (teori pelepasan ketegangan) dan pematahan asumsi-asumsi penonton setelah mendengar tuturan dari tokoh (teori ketidaksejajaran). Selain itu, dalam konteks sosial, tuturan-tuturan tokoh mengandung kritik sosial yang dirasakan oleh penonton sebagai bagian dari masyarakat ketika penonton dapat menangkap dan merasakan tuturan-tuturan dalam film ini berdasarkan kemampuan kognitifnya.
How word-image relationships in children's picture books adapt across levels: A multimodal analysis Al Farisi, Muhamad Fanni; Kushartanti, Bernadette; Purwanto, Dwi
Diksi Vol. 33 No. 1: DIKSI (MARCH 2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Bahasa, Seni, dan Budaya, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/diksi.v33i1.82907

Abstract

Children’s picture books apply a levelling system to adjust linguistic complexity according to the reader’s developmental stage. Despite having constitutive elements of text and images, their interdependent relationships within this system receive less attention. While the relationships of texts and images in picture books have been extensively studied, there is still a gap in understanding how these relationships adapt across different reading levels. Applying Halliday’s systematic functional linguistics (2004), Kress and Leeuwen’s multimodal approach (2021), and Nikolajeva and Scott’s approach to picture books (2006), this research qualitatively and quantitatively examined thirty-four text-image pairs from two children’s picture books at low and high reading levels. This study aimed to reveal whether such an adaptation exists and, if so, to what extent. The findings confirm that an increasing complexity in text-image relationships. The lower-level picture book exhibits three types of text-image relationships: enhancing, complementary, and counterpointing. The higher-level book, however, shows four types, incorporating a contradictory relationship alongside the other three. These findings suggest that the increasing complexity in children’s picture books occurs not only in linguistic aspects but also within multimodal relationships between texts and images, highlighting the need for picture book authors and educators to design or select picture books that progressively introduce multimodal complexity.
COMPARING THE STRUCTURES OF INDONESIAN CHILDREN’S WRITINGS IN THE NARRATIVE OF HAPPY VS. SAD EXPERIENCES Kushartanti, Bernadette; Johanna, Raina Dellani; Dewi, Fitria Rahma
Linguistik Indonesia Vol. 42 No. 2 (2024): Linguistik Indonesia
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/li.v42i2.614

Abstract

This study investigated Indonesian school-age children’s written narratives of their experiences involving happy and sad emotions. A question addressed in this study is: do different themes influence the composition of the components in the narratives? This study aimed to explain the children’s ability to produce narratives in written forms by focusing on the structures and comparing the components of the narratives on two experiences, applying Labov & Waletzky’s (1997) narrative components. The participants were elementary school students, aged 8–11 years (N = 131). All the children were assigned two writing tasks: one on a happy and one on a sad experience. Differences in themes in narratives were examined quantitatively. We identified the components of the narratives and classified them into complete, incomplete, complex, singular, and plural narratives. It was found that the children could already write cohesive stories, but some skipped certain components of the narratives. Differences between the stories were found in the number of clauses and the components.
Co-Authors Al Farisi, Muhamad Fanni Angelique, Jessie Renata Aslinda Aslinda Dewi, Fitria Rahma dwi purwanto Everaert, Martin Everaert, Martin Ilham Ilham Johanna, Raina Dellani Muhammad Hasyim Munira Hasjim Ningsih, Harni Kartika Pradina, Fathia Anggriani Purwono, Prahoro Yudo Sailal Arimi Suhandano Suhandano Tampubolon, Nesti Magdalena Tito Dimas Atmawijaya Untung Yuwono Van de Velde, Hans Velde, Hans Van de Widyatmoko, Edelleit Rose Wira Kurniawati, Wira