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All Journal Journal of Society Innovation and Development (JSID) Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research
Khalid Vikriadi
Universitas Bangka Belitung
Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences

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Media as a Political Tool: Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia Khalid Vikriadi; Ainiyatul Latifah; Riky Ovaliansyah Harahap; Tiara Ramadhani; Aubaidillah Doloh; Nurul Kamaly
JOURNAL OF SOCIETY INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol 7 No 2 (2026): JSID: May 2026
Publisher : Winaya Inspirasi Nusantara Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63924/jsid.v7i2.288

Abstract

While media freedom is traditionally framed within a democracy-authoritarianism dichotomy, emerging patterns of digital control suggest that state-media interactions are becoming increasingly complex. This study addresses the background problem of how varied political regimes in Muslim-majority nations instrumentalize media to maintain legitimacy and manage public discourse. The primary research objective is to develop a cross-regime typology by comparing media control mechanisms in Indonesia, an electoral democracy, and Saudi Arabia, an absolute monarchy. Utilizing a qualitative comparative case study design, the methodology involves the thematic analysis of official legal frameworks, international press freedom reports, and digital archive data from 2019 to 2025. The key findings reveal that Indonesia employs "competitive digital manipulation," where democratic legal apparatuses like the ITE Law are weaponized for "soft" repression and self-censorship. Conversely, Saudi Arabia utilizes "legal-institutional control," relying on absolute monarchical authority and pervasive surveillance to systematically dismantle independent dissent. The findings imply that a state’s "digital legal architecture" is a more significant predictor of media autonomy than formal regime labels. This research contributes to the field of political communication and democracy in a Muslim and Muslim majority country by providing a nuanced framework for understanding how power is consolidated through media in diverse institutional configurations, suggesting that democratic backsliding often manifests through the legalistic erosion of the digital public sphere.
Opini Publik Digital Sebagai Kekuatan Ekstra Parlementer: Studi Analisis Sentimen Penolakan Kebijakan PPN 12 Persen di Media Sosial X Aldi Aldii; Annisa Aulia; Lisrina Yulianti; Irvan Ansyari; Khalid Vikriadi
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Knowledge and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69693/ijim.v4i2.950

Abstract

                          Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh gerakan ekstra parlementer netizen di media sosial X terhadap pembatalan kebijakan kenaikan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) sebesar 12 persen di Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut telah memiliki landasan hukum yang kuat melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP), namun justru memicu gelombang penolakan masif di ruang digital yang berkembang menjadi gerakan politik ekstra parlementer berbasis opini publik digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode analisis sentimen berbasis Natural Language Processing (NLP), analisis WordCloud dan frekuensi kata, serta teknik penyeimbangan data Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik scraping pada media sosial X menggunakan kata kunci “tolak ppn 12%” selama periode 1 November 2024 hingga 31 Januari 2025, menghasilkan 363 data valid dari 470 tweet awal yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sentimen negatif mendominasi percakapan publik sebesar 53,72% (195 data), diikuti sentimen positif 27,00% (98 data) dan netral 19,28% (70 data). Kata-kata dominan seperti “tolak”, “demo”, “mahasiswa”, “perppu”, dan “batal” mengindikasikan bahwa gerakan netizen tidak hanya bersifat simbolis, melainkan terhubung secara organik dengan demonstrasi fisik di berbagai kota. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa netizen berperan sebagai aktor politik ekstra parlementer yang efektif dalam menjalankan fungsi check and balances melalui tiga mekanisme utama, yaitu penciptaan defisit legitimasi, pembentukan narasi oposisi terstruktur, dan konversi tekanan digital menjadi biaya politik. Dengan demikian, legitimasi kebijakan publik di era demokrasi digital tidak lagi semata ditentukan oleh kekuatan hukum formal, tetapi juga sangat bergantung pada penerimaan publik di ruang digital.                                                               
Co-Authors Ainiyatul Latifah Aldi Aldii Annisa Aulia Aubaidillah Doloh Irvan Ansyari Lisrina Yulianti Nurul Kamaly Riky Ovaliansyah Harahap Tiara Ramadhani