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All Journal Suluh: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Kadek Ayu Gayatri Astha
Universitas Negeri Malang

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Optimizing Decision-Making in Guidance and Counseling Programs: A Systematic Review of The CIPP Evaluation Model Kadek Ayu Gayatri Astha; Nur Hidayah; Fitri Wahyuni; Abi Fa’izzarahman Prabawa
Suluh: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Suluh : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/suluh.v11i2.12641

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to examine the CIPP evaluation model as a decision-making tool in the development of Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling programs through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review was conducted on 12 reputable scientific articles selected based on the PRISMA protocol from a scholarly search engine, namely Google Scholar. Data analysis utilized thematic synthesis to systematically identify patterns of findings across studies. The results of the study addressed two main research questions. First, the CIPP model has been widely applied in various contexts of Guidance and Counseling (BK) programs within educational institutions, demonstrating the ability to comprehensively diagnose program conditions across all components: context, input, process, and product. Second, the CIPP model significantly contributes as a decision-making tool in Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling programs, both structurally in evaluating program aspects and strategically in supporting data-driven counselor accountability. These findings imply that the consistent application of the CIPP model can improve the quality of guidance and counseling services, strengthen counselors’ professional competencies, and provide an empirical foundation for educational policy-making oriented toward the optimal development of students.
Silence Is Not Neutral: The Discrepancy Between Bystanders Attitudes and Behaviors in Bullying Kadek Ayu Gayatri Astha; Henny Indreswari; Khairul Bariyyah
Suluh: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Suluh : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/suluh.v12i1.12832

Abstract

Background: Bullying is sustained not only by perpetrators but also by how peers respond when witnessing it. Although students may reject bullying, uncertainty, fear, and avoidance can limit their willingness to intervene. This study examined students’ self-reported bystander tendencies in bullying situations and identified related needs for guidance and counseling services. Method: A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted as a needs assessment involving 130 students aged 13–15 years in Singaraja City, Bali, recruited through convenience sampling. Result and Discussions: Data were collected using a 48-item, four-point Likert-scale questionnaire covering defender, passive bystander, and reinforcer tendencies and were analyzed using item- and dimension-level mean scores. Defender tendencies had the highest overall mean (M = 3.40), followed by passive bystander (M = 2.08) and reinforcer tendencies (M = 1.35). Despite the relatively high defender score, uncertainty about what to do remained prominent (M = 2.76), while silence and avoidance yielded means ranging from 1.71 to 1.79. The coexistence of strong defender tendencies with uncertainty and avoidance suggests that rejecting bullying does not necessarily ensure readiness to intervene. Guidance and counseling services should emphasize safe intervention skills, decision-making, and confidence in responding to bullying, enabling students to translate their prosocial tendencies into appropriate action.
Co-Authors Abi Fa'izzarahman Prabawa Abi Fa’izzarahman Prabawa Fitri Wahyuni Henny Indreswari Khairul Bariyyah Nur Hidayah