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Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Competency Gaps of Hospital Pharmacists in Facing Telemedicine Integration in Urban Areas of Indonesia Diki Aprianto A; Ratna Mildawati; Lilik Septiana; Rialita Lifiani; Indri Dwi Rahasasti
Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/farmasi.v1i2.435

Abstract

The rapid adoption of telemedicine has expanded hospital pharmacists’ roles, particularly in urban areas of developing countries such as Indonesia. However, evidence on pharmacists’ telemedicine-related competency gaps remains limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a hospital-specific instrument to assess such gaps. A methodological design was employed, including instrument development, expert content validation, pilot testing, and psychometric evaluation. The instrument covers six domains: digital health literacy, clinical pharmacy competence in telemedicine, communication skills, legal and ethical awareness, interprofessional collaboration, and telepharmacy service management. Validation involved 210 hospital pharmacists from urban Indonesian hospitals. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a six-factor structure explaining 72.4% of the variance, with strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). Unlike existing telepharmacy readiness tools, this instrument specifically captures multidimensional competency gaps relevant to hospital-based telemedicine practice. The largest gaps were observed in legal–ethical competencies and digital health literacy. This instrument can support workforce assessment and targeted competency-based training for hospital pharmacists in Indonesia.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Minuman Thai Thea dengan metode DPPH Rialita Lifiani; Lilik Septiana; Nurul Adzkia Ghearizky; Efilia Meirita; Resi Rizki Banjarani
JURNAL FARMASI DAN MAKANAN Vol 9 No 1 (2025): Journal of Pharmacy and Science
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/jops.v9i1.6970

Abstract

Thai tea is a tea-based beverage originating from Thailand that has gained global popularity. The key benefit of tea for health lies in its bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, which are predominantly found in tea leaves. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method is a simple and widely used analytical method for measuring antioxidant activity, as it is relatively easy, fast, and inexpensive. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Thai tea beverages using the DPPH method. The research method used is experimental with a laboratory approach. The procedure includes the preparation of a DPPH solution, determination of the maximum wavelength of DPPH, measurement of blank solution absorbance, preparation of Quercetin as a standard solution, preparation of Thai tea test samples, and data analysis. The results showed the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) values for Thai Tea Sippin Original (47.56 ppm), Thai Tea Chatime Original (52.23 ppm), Thai Tea Kopi Kenangan Original (50.85 ppm), Thai Tea Es Teh Original (56.66 ppm), Thai Tea Dum-dum Original (54.73 ppm), and Quercetin standard (42.05 ppm). The results indicate that Thai tea beverages have antioxidant activity categorized as strong, particularly for Sippin Original, Chatime Original, Dum-dum Original, and Kopi Kenangan Original samples, while Sippin Original and the Quercetin standard are classified as very strong. Keywords: Thai Tea, Antioxidant, DPPH