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Konstruksi Keadilan dalam Penerapan Denda Air Minum Desa: Analisis Maqashid Syariah dan Hukum Positif : Penelitian Bambang; Haeran; Reza Okva Marwendi; Kurniawan
Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Volume 4 Nomor 1 February - May 2
Publisher : PT PUSTAKA CENDEKIA GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70292/pchukumsosial.v4i1.406

Abstract

Penerapan sanksi denda dalam pengelolaan air bersih tingkat desa sering kali memicu benturan antara tujuan menjaga ketahanan finansial operasional dan pemenuhan rasa keadilan sosiokultural bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika penerapan denda keterlambatan pembayaran pada Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Desa Pematang Rahim, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, ditinjau dari perspektif Hukum Positif (UU Perlindungan Konsumen) dan Hukum Islam (Maqashid Syariah). Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, studi dokumentasi, serta wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola SPAM dan pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara regulasi formal (SOP) dan praktik lapangan, di mana pengelola secara sepihak menaikkan denda hingga 20% demi efek jera. Selain itu, minimnya sosialisasi klausul denda memicu unsur ketidakpastian (gharar) dalam akad, dan seluruh alokasi dana denda langsung diserap sebagai pendapatan komersial operasional BUMDes. Hal ini secara formal melanggar hak konsumen atas informasi sanksi yang jelas serta bertentangan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 17/2000 yang mewajibkan dana denda disalurkan untuk dana sosial (charity). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan rekonstruksi tata kelola melalui model "Denda Berbasis Kemaslahatan Terintegrasi", yaitu perumusan klausul dispensasi tarif bagi keluarga pra-sejahtera dan pengalihan alokasi dana sanksi untuk subsidi silang tunggakan warga miskin.
Zakat Distribution Education for Madrasah Students through the Zakat Collection Unit (UPZ) at Langgar Nurrul Jannah Anisbar Anhar; Nilfatri; Zeni Sunarti; Kurniawan; Reza; Triyana
MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Program Studi PGMI Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Nahdlatul Ulama Al Hikmah Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69896/modeling.v13i2.3197

Abstract

Zakat is an important component of Islamic teaching that develops religious awareness, social responsibility, empathy, and solidarity among students. Zakat distribution activities at the community level provide an opportunity to introduce these values through direct educational experiences. The problem addressed in this study is the limited understanding of madrasah students regarding the principles, procedures, and educational values of zakat fitrah distribution. This study aims to examine the implementation of zakat distribution education for madrasah students through the Zakat Collection Unit (UPZ) at Langgar Nurrul Jannah, RT 10, Parit Culum I Village. This study employed a qualitative empirical approach. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation of zakat distribution activities and administrative records. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that zakat distribution activities provide students with direct learning experiences regarding the meaning of zakat, the criteria of mustahik, the distribution process, and the importance of honesty, responsibility, fairness, empathy, and social solidarity. Students' involvement in observing and understanding the distribution process also strengthens their awareness of helping people in need and practicing Islamic values in everyday life. The study concludes that zakat distribution through UPZ Langgar Nurrul Jannah can function as a contextual educational medium for strengthening students' zakat literacy and Islamic character. Integration between religious learning and community-based zakat practices can provide meaningful learning experiences for madrasah students.
Co-Authors Anisbar Anhar Bambang Haeran Nilfatri Reza Reza Okva Marwendi Triyana Zeni Sunarti