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Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah terhadap Klausula Denda Keterlambatan Penyerahan Barang pada Transaksi PO di TikTok Shop Ahmad Reyhansyah Ashadi; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 57-64
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.24809

Abstract. This study examines the late-delivery penalty clause applied to Pre-Order (PO) transactions on TikTok Shop from the perspective of muamalah jurisprudence. The rapid growth of PO transactions has been accompanied by frequent delivery delays that disadvantage buyers, prompting TikTok Shop to include a penalty clause in its Seller Terms of Service whose conformity with Islamic contract law has not previously been examined. This research aims to identify the provisions of the clause and analyze them according to classical and contemporary muamalah scholarship. A qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical normative-juridical approach was used. Secondary data were drawn from primary legal sources (the Qur'an, hadith, classical fiqh texts, DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 43/2004, and the OIC Fiqh Academy Resolution No. 109/2000), secondary sources (books and journals), and TikTok Shop's official documents, collected through literature and documentary study and analyzed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that PO transactions fulfill the pillars of a valid salam contract. The penalty clause, an automatic minimum Rp25,000 voucher applied without proof of actual loss, is better classified as syartul jaza'i than ta'widh. Classical scholars tend to prohibit time-linked penalties as a form of riba, while contemporary scholars permit them if proportional and free of riba. The clause is concluded to be mubah bi al-syuruth, requiring refinement of its compensation form, proportionality, penalty cap, and force majeure provisions. Abstrak. Penelitian ini mengkaji klausula denda keterlambatan penyerahan barang pada transaksi Pre-Order (PO) di TikTok Shop dari perspektif fikih muamalah. Pesatnya pertumbuhan transaksi PO kerap diiringi keterlambatan penyerahan barang yang merugikan pembeli, sehingga TikTok Shop mencantumkan klausula denda dalam Syarat dan Ketentuan Layanan Penjualnya, namun kesesuaiannya dengan hukum akad Islam belum pernah dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi ketentuan klausula tersebut dan menganalisisnya menurut pandangan ulama klasik dan kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis. Data sekunder bersumber dari bahan hukum primer (Al-Qur'an, hadits, kitab fikih klasik, Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 43/2004, dan Qarar Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islami OKI No. 109/2000), bahan hukum sekunder (buku dan jurnal), serta dokumen resmi TikTok Shop, yang dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi PO memenuhi rukun akad salam sehingga sah sebagai akad salam. Denda berupa voucher minimal Rp25.000 yang berlaku otomatis tanpa pembuktian kerugian riil lebih tepat dikategorikan sebagai syartul jaza'i daripada ta'widh. Ulama klasik cenderung melarang denda yang dikaitkan dengan waktu karena berpotensi riba, sedangkan ulama kontemporer membolehkannya dengan syarat proporsional dan bebas riba. Klausula ini disimpulkan mubah bi al-syuruth, dengan catatan perlu penyempurnaan pada bentuk kompensasi, proporsionalitas, batas maksimum denda, dan ketentuan force majeure.

Tinjauan Maqashid Syariah dan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang BPJPH terhadap Kewajiban Sertifikasi Halal pada Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Kota Cimahi Nasywa Nathani Salsabila; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 73-80
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.24899

Abstract. This study analyzes the implementation of halal certification obligations in the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) in Cimahi City based on the Halal Product Assurance Law. The MBG program as a strategic policy of the government aims to meet nutritional needs, but faces a gap in compliance. It is recorded that only 9 out of a total of 63 (14.3%) Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG) in Cimahi have halal certificates as of April 2026. Through a juridical-normative and qualitative approach, data was explored from literature studies and interviews with SPPG managers, BPJPH authorities, and MUI. The results of the study revealed that the root of non-compliance was purely structural obstacles such as the delay of third-party documents and long laboratory queues, not the legal literacy crisis. From the perspective of Maqashid Sharia, this obligation is essential to fulfill hifdz al-din (eliminating syubhat), hifdz al-nafs (preventing the danger of pesticide residues), and hifdz al-mal (accountability of state funds). The transition policy in the form of postponing administrative sanctions until October 2026 is considered to be in line with the principle of siyasah syar'iyyah to accommodate the unpreparedness of the state's service infrastructure which is currently not fully adequate. Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi kewajiban sertifikasi halal pada Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kota Cimahi berdasarkan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal. Program MBG sebagai kebijakan strategis pemerintah bertujuan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, namun menghadapi kesenjangan kepatuhan. Tercatat hanya 9 dari total 63 (14,3%) Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) di Cimahi yang mengantongi sertifikat halal per April 2026. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan kualitatif, data digali dari studi literatur serta wawancara pengelola SPPG, otoritas BPJPH, dan MUI. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa akar ketidakpatuhan murni hambatan struktural seperti kelambatan dokumen pihak ketiga dan panjangnya antrean laboratorium, bukan krisis literasi hukum. Dalam perspektif Maqashid Syariah, kewajiban ini sangat esensial guna memenuhi hifdz al-din (menghilangkan syubhat), hifdz al-nafs (mencegah bahaya residu pestisida), serta hifdz al-mal (akuntabilitas dana negara). Kebijakan transisi berupa penundaan sanksi administratif hingga bulan Oktober 2026 dinilai sejalan dengan prinsip siyasah syar'iyyah untuk mengakomodasi ketidaksiapan infrastruktur pelayanan negara yang saat ini belum sepenuhnya memadai.

Analisis Penerapan Biaya Tambahan dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Menggunakan QRIS Berdasarkan PBI dan Fatwa DSN-MUI Yori Kemiain; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 131-140
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25050

Abstract. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) has become the main pillar of digital payment in Indonesia, yet a number of merchants, particularly micro businesses, small food stalls, and street vendors, still impose an additional fee (surcharge) on consumers. This practice contradicts Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 23/6/PBI/2021 Article 52 paragraph (1), which prohibits transferring Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) costs to consumers, and it also intersects with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on Sharia Electronic Money. This study analyzes the provision on additional QRIS fees, examines it from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, and assesses the compatibility between the two provisions. A normative juridical method was used, combining a statute, conceptual, and comparative approach, with qualitative data from laws, fatwas, books, and journal articles gathered through library research, supported by interviews with consumers, merchants, and banks. The results show that Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 23/6/PBI/2021 fundamentally prohibits surcharges, yet the practice still occurs due to merchants' limited understanding. From the DSN-MUI Fatwa's perspective, surcharge practices are inconsistent with fairness, transparency, and maslahah. Both provisions share a common orientation toward consumer protection, indicating the need for stronger socialization, education, and supervision to align QRIS implementation with regulation and sharia principles. Abstrak. Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) telah menjadi salah satu pilar utama pembayaran digital di Indonesia, namun sebagian merchant, khususnya usaha mikro, warung makan kecil, dan pedagang kaki lima, masih membebankan biaya tambahan (surcharge) kepada konsumen. Praktik ini bertentangan dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 23/6/PBI/2021 Pasal 52 ayat (1) yang melarang pengalihan biaya Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) kepada konsumen, dan juga bersinggungan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 tentang Uang Elektronik Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketentuan biaya tambahan transaksi QRIS tersebut, mengkajinya dari perspektif fikih muamalah, serta menilai kesesuaian antara kedua ketentuan. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, dengan data kualitatif dari peraturan, fatwa, buku, dan jurnal melalui studi kepustakaan, didukung wawancara dengan konsumen, merchant, dan pihak bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 23/6/PBI/2021 pada dasarnya melarang surcharge, tetapi praktik tersebut masih terjadi akibat minimnya pemahaman merchant. Ditinjau dari Fatwa DSN-MUI, praktik surcharge tidak sejalan dengan keadilan, transparansi, dan kemaslahatan. Kedua ketentuan memiliki kesesuaian dalam menekankan perlindungan konsumen, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan pengawasan agar implementasi QRIS sesuai regulasi dan prinsip syariah.

Kesadaran Syariah terhadap Penggunaan PayLater pada Mahasiswa UIN Bandung dan UNISBA Citra Yustia Najla Nurghina; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 141-148
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25054

Abstract. The rapid growth of PayLater services in Indonesia's e-commerce industry raises concern from the perspective of Islamic economic law, especially among students of Islamic universities who have already studied the concepts of riba and gharar in their curriculum. This gap between religious knowledge and daily financial behavior becomes the main issue of this research. This study aims to analyze the level of Sharia awareness among students of two Islamic universities in Bandung, namely UIN Bandung and UNISBA, regarding PayLater services, and to identify the patterns and factors influencing their decision to use it. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with semi structured interviews conducted on ten students who have used PayLater, and the data were processed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The result shows that students' Sharia awareness is fragmented into three patterns, namely critical awareness, ambiguous awareness, and unawareness, with the ambiguous pattern through the "pay on time" strategy being the most dominant among informants. Understanding of gharar is found much weaker than understanding of riba, shown by the habit of not reading terms and conditions before activating the service. The decision to use PayLater is mostly driven by ease of access, promotion, and urgent needs, rather than Sharia consideration. This condition reflects a fragmented Sharia awareness, where students' normative knowledge does not consistently align with what they actually practice in daily financial transactions. Abstrak. Pertumbuhan layanan PayLater yang begitu cepat di industri e-commerce Indonesia menimbulkan kekhawatiran tersendiri jika ditinjau dari sudut pandang hukum ekonomi syariah, terutama di kalangan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi Islam yang sebenarnya sudah mempelajari konsep riba dan gharar dalam perkuliahan. Kesenjangan antara pengetahuan agama dan praktik keuangan sehari-hari inilah yang menjadi persoalan utama penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kesadaran prinsip syariah mahasiswa UIN Bandung dan UNISBA terhadap layanan PayLater, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pola dan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan penggunaannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap sepuluh mahasiswa pengguna PayLater, yang datanya diolah menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesadaran syariah mahasiswa terbagi ke dalam tiga pola, yaitu kesadaran kritis, kesadaran ambigu, dan ketidaksadaran, dengan pola ambigu melalui strategi "bayar tepat waktu" menjadi pola yang paling banyak ditemukan pada informan. Pemahaman tentang gharar terbukti jauh lebih lemah dibanding pemahaman tentang riba, terlihat dari kebiasaan tidak membaca syarat dan ketentuan sebelum mengaktifkan layanan. Keputusan menggunakan PayLater lebih banyak didorong oleh kemudahan akses, promo, dan kebutuhan mendesak, dibanding pertimbangan syariah. Kondisi ini mencerminkan kesadaran syariah yang terfragmentasi, di mana pengetahuan normatif mahasiswa tidak selalu selaras dengan apa yang benar-benar mereka praktikkan dalam transaksi keuangan sehari-hari.

Keabsahan Akad Endorsement Intagram: Kajian Ijarah dan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata Nazwa Divalya Raya Gunadi; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 149-156
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25061

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media, particularly Instagram, has produced a new digital-marketing phenomenon in the form of endorsement services offered by influencers, most of which are arranged informally without written agreements, raising legal issues concerning contract validity, object clarity, and certainty of compensation. This study analyzes the endorsement practice of the Instagram account @selebgram_X from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, particularly the ijarah contract, and from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), then compares the conformity between both perspectives. A qualitative descriptive-analytical case-study method was used, with data obtained through in-depth interviews with the account owner, content observation, and documentation of the rate card and Terms and Conditions. The findings show the practice is partially compliant with both legal systems: the pillars of ijarah are substantively fulfilled, yet conditions such as content display duration, halal verification of skincare products, and formal valuation of bartered ujrah remain unmet. The subjective requirements of Article 1320 are met, while the objective requirements need improvement. Both systems are complementary, converging on clarity, voluntariness, and fairness, and harmonization can be pursued through more comprehensive written agreements and consistent disclosure of paid content. Abstrak. Perkembangan media sosial, khususnya Instagram, melahirkan fenomena baru dalam pemasaran digital berupa praktik jasa endorsement oleh influencer yang umumnya dilakukan secara informal tanpa perjanjian tertulis, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan akad, kejelasan objek, dan kepastian kompensasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik endorsement pada akun Instagram @selebgram_X dari perspektif fikih muamalah, khususnya akad ijarah, serta dari perspektif Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, kemudian mengomparasikan kesesuaian kedua perspektif tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-analisis dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik akun, observasi konten, serta dokumentasi rate card dan Terms and Conditions (TNC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan praktik endorsement @selebgram_X bersifat partially compliant terhadap kedua sistem hukum. Rukun ijarah terpenuhi secara substantif, namun sejumlah syarat seperti durasi tayang konten, verifikasi kehalalan produk skincare, dan penyetaraan nilai ujrah barter belum terpenuhi optimal sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan gharar. Dari perspektif KUHPerdata, syarat subjektif terpenuhi, sedangkan syarat objektif, terutama kejelasan objek perjanjian, memerlukan penyempurnaan. Kedua sistem hukum terbukti bersifat komplementer, sama-sama menghendaki kejelasan, kesukarelaan, dan keadilan, sehingga harmonisasi dapat ditempuh melalui penyusunan perjanjian tertulis yang lebih komprehensif dan penerapan disclosure konten berbayar secara konsisten.

Analisis Pemahaman Literasi Keuangan Syariah Generasi Milenial dan Generasi Z terhadap Risiko Skema Ponzi dalam Investasi Syariah melalui Perspektif Maqashid Syariah Humaira Aini Bilqis; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 219-228
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25440

Abstract. This research is motivated by the prevalence of Sharia-labeled investments exhibiting Ponzi scheme characteristics, such as guaranteed fixed returns without clear risk mechanisms. This phenomenon highlights the importance of Islamic financial literacy for wealth protection (ḥifẓ al-māl) within maqāṣid Sharia, particularly for Millennials and Generation Z actively investing online. This study aims to analyze the Islamic financial literacy of both generations, identify differences in their understanding, and examine the correlation between Islamic financial literacy and awareness of Ponzi scheme risks. A descriptive qualitative method was employed using an empirical approach and Sharia normative analysis. The analysis focuses on three main indicators: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The empirical approach maps social phenomena among Millennials and Gen Z, while the normative analysis evaluates respondents' behavior against Islamic Economic Law principles and ḥifẓ al-māl. The results indicate that respondents' Islamic financial literacy generally falls into the good to excellent categories. Millennials demonstrate stronger conceptual understanding of Sharia investments. Meanwhile, Gen Z excels in preventive behavior, particularly in verifying investment legality and utilizing digital information. Based on the research results, Islamic financial literacy serves as a vital instrument for wealth protection (ḥifẓ al-māl) by enhancing public awareness against fraudulent Ponzi scheme investments. Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi maraknya investasi berlabel syariah berkarakteristik skema Ponzi, seperti janji keuntungan tetap tanpa kejelasan risiko. Fenomena ini menegaskan pentingnya literasi keuangan syariah untuk perlindungan harta (ḥifẓ al-māl) dalam maqāṣid syariah, khususnya bagi Generasi Milenial dan Generasi Z yang aktif berinvestasi secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pemahaman literasi keuangan syariah kedua generasi tersebut, mengidentifikasi perbedaan pemahamannya, serta mengkaji keterkaitannya dengan kewaspadaan terhadap risiko skema Ponzi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan empiris dan analisis normatif syariah. Analisis difokuskan pada tiga indikator utama: pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude), dan perilaku (behavior). Pendekatan empiris memetakan fenomena sosial Generasi Milenial dan Gen Z, sedangkan analisis normatif mengevaluasi kesesuaian perilaku responden dengan prinsip Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dan konsep ḥifẓ al-māl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan literasi keuangan syariah responden secara umum berada pada kategori baik hingga sangat baik. Generasi Milenial unggul pada pemahaman konseptual mengenai investasi syariah. Sementara itu, Generasi Z lebih menonjol dalam perilaku preventif, seperti aktif memverifikasi legalitas investasi dan memanfaatkan informasi digital. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, literasi keuangan syariah terbukti berperan penting sebagai instrumen perlindungan harta (ḥifẓ al-māl) melalui peningkatan kewaspadaan masyarakat terhadap risiko investasi bodong berskema Ponzi.

Analisis Kesadaran Zakat Penghasilan ASN Kemenag Kota Bandung: Tinjauan Fatwa MUI No. 3 Tahun 2003 Qori Nur Syara; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 245-252
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25512

Abstract. Income zakat is a religious obligation regulated by MUI Fatwa No. 3 of 2003; however, its implementation among civil servants at the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bandung still faces a gap between normative provisions and on-the-ground realities. This study analyzes civil servants’ awareness of the obligation to pay zakat on income, obstacles to payment, the appropriateness of the salary deduction mechanism, and strategies for its optimization, using a descriptive-juridical-empirical qualitative approach with Knowledge, Attitude, Practice indicators. The results show that civil servants’ knowledge and attitudes are quite positive from a normative perspective; however, their technical understanding of the nisab remains weak and has not yet been reflected in proactive actions. The seemingly high compliance rate is actually driven more by the UPZ’s automatic deduction system than by individual awareness, and there are some employees who have not yet been registered. Cognitive delegation and administrative dependence are key to understanding why compliance appears high in quantitative terms but is vulnerable to deviations from Sharia principles. This study recommends strengthening outreach efforts, implementing digital transformation through a transparent dashboard, reinforcing institutional policies (data updates), and establishing an accountable reporting system to promote compliance that is more in line with Sharia provisions. Abstrak. Zakat penghasilan merupakan kewajiban syariat yang diatur dalam Fatwa MUI No. 3 Tahun 2003, namun implementasinya di kalangan ASN Kemenag Kota Bandung masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara ketentuan normatif dan realitas lapangan. Penelitian ini menganalisis kesadaran ASN terhadap kewajiban zakat penghasilan, kendala pembayaran, kesesuaian mekanisme pemotongan gaji, serta strategi optimalisasinya, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-yuridis empiris dengan indikator Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP). Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan dan sikap ASN cukup positif secara normatif, namun pemahaman teknis nisab masih lemah dan belum tercermin dalam tindakan proaktif. Kepatuhan yang tampak tinggi ternyata lebih digerakkan oleh sistem pemotongan otomatis UPZ ketimbang kesadaran individual, serta adanya sebagian pegawai yang belum terdata. Delegasi kognitif dan ketergantungan administratif menjadi kunci memahami mengapa kepatuhan tampak tinggi secara kuantitas namun rentan terhadap ketidaksesuaian substansi syar'i. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan sosialisasi, transformasi digital melalui dashboard transparan, penguatan kebijakan institusional (updating data), dan sistem pelaporan akuntabel guna mendorong kepatuhan yang lebih sesuai ketentuan syariah.

Analisis Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/IV/DSN-MUI/2000 terhadap Implementasi Akad Murabahah di KSPPS BMT Itqan Bandung Ayen Nanda; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 253-260
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25641

Abstract. The implementation of the murabahah contract in Sharia microfinance institutions must adhere to Sharia principles as stipulated in DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. However, various studies indicate that the implementation of murabahah still faces challenges regarding asset ownership, the separation of wakalah and murabahah contracts, and the transparency of the cost price. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the murabahah contract for business capital financing at KSPPS BMT Itqan Bandung based on DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. The study employs a qualitative method with a normative-empirical juridical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis involving Account Officers, the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS), and the Head of the KSPPS BMT Itqan Bandung Foundation. The results indicate that the implementation of the murabahah contract is, in principle, consistent with Sharia provisions through the application of the murabahah bil wakalah contract. However, improvements are still required regarding asset ownership, the separation of wakalah and murabahah contract stages, and cost price transparency, as the current pricing is not based on the BMT's actual acquisition cost. Therefore, it is necessary to refine standard operating procedures, enhance the understanding of Account Officers, and adjust contract execution to better align with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Abstrak. Implementasi akad murabahah pada lembaga keuangan mikro syariah harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan prinsip syariah sebagaimana diatur dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Namun, berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi murabahah masih menghadapi kendala pada aspek kepemilikan barang, pemisahan akad wakalah dan murabahah, serta transparansi harga pokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi akad murabahah pada pembiayaan modal usaha di KSPPS BMT Itqan Bandung berdasarkan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif empiris. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap Account Officer, Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS), dan Ketua Yayasan KSPPS BMT Itqan Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi akad murabahah pada prinsipnya telah sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah melalui penerapan akad murabahah bil wakalah. Namun, implementasinya masih memerlukan penyempurnaan pada aspek kepemilikan barang, pemisahan tahapan akad wakalah dan murabahah, serta transparansi harga pokok yang belum didasarkan pada harga perolehan riil oleh BMT. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyempurnaan standar operasional prosedur, peningkatan pemahaman Account Officer, dan pelaksanaan akad agar lebih selaras dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000.

Keabsahan Akad Rahn Musta‘ār dalam Perspektif Fikih Muamalah Rinaz Meikusdanti; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 277-286
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25717

Abstract. Rahn musta‘ār refers to the pledging of borrowed property by a musta‘īr, which raises legal issues concerning the authority to use another person’s property as collateral. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of the ‘āriyah contract as the basis for the formation of rahn musta‘ār, the validity of rahn musta‘ār from the perspective of Islamic commercial jurisprudence, and its legal position within the framework of Islamic Economic Law in Indonesia. This study employed a normative juridical method using conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research involving the Qur’an, hadith, classical Islamic jurisprudential literature, the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law, DSN-MUI fatwas, books, and scientific journals. The collected materials were analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-analytical and prescriptive methods. The findings indicate that the ‘āriyah contract is understood through two legal constructions, namely tamlīk al-manfa‘ah and ibāḥah al-intifā‘, which form the basis of the legal relationship in rahn musta‘ār. The owner’s permission constitutes the basis for the musta‘īr’s legal authority to undertake legal actions concerning the borrowed property. The validity of rahn musta‘ār depends not solely on ownership but also on the existence of legitimate ḥaqq al-taṣarruf. In Indonesian Islamic Economic Law, rahn musta‘ār is recognized under Article 342 of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and supported by the general principles governing rahn and I‘ārah in DSN-MUI fatwas. Therefore, rahn musta‘ār may be implemented provided that the owner’s permission is obtained and the transaction remains within the scope of the authority granted. Abstrak. Akad rahn musta‘ār merupakan penggadaian barang pinjaman oleh musta‘īr yang menimbulkan persoalan mengenai kewenangan untuk menjadikan barang milik pihak lain sebagai objek jaminan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hukum akad ‘āriyah sebagai dasar terbentuknya rahn musta‘ār, keabsahan rahn musta‘ār dalam perspektif fikih muamalah, serta kedudukannya dalam kerangka Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, kitab fikih klasik, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, fatwa DSN-MUI, buku, dan jurnal ilmiah, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dan preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akad ‘āriyah dipahami melalui dua konstruksi hukum, yaitu tamlīk al-manfa'ah dan ibāḥah al-intifā', yang menjadi dasar hubungan hukum dalam rahn musta‘ār, sedangkan izin pemilik barang menjadi dasar kewenangan musta‘īr untuk melakukan tindakan hukum. Keabsahan rahn musta‘ār tidak semata-mata bergantung pada kepemilikan, melainkan pada adanya ḥaqq al-taṣarruf yang sah. Dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, rahn musta‘ār diakui melalui Pasal 342 KHES dan didukung oleh prinsip umum dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI tentang rahn dan akad I‘ārah. Dengan demikian, rahn musta‘ār dapat diterapkan sepanjang memperoleh izin pemilik dan dilaksanakan sesuai batas kewenangan yang diberikan.

Keabsahan Jual Beli Ijon Padi Perspektif Istihsan, 'Urf, dan Maslahah Mursalah Aulia Aniatun Nisa; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 319-328
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25888

Abstract. The practice of buying and selling rice through the ijon system in Karangtengah Village, Kadungora Subdistrict, Garut Regency, remains a common practice among the community to meet their economic needs prior to the harvest season. However, this practice raises issues such as uncertainty regarding the subject matter of the contract, unreasonable pricing, and the potential for gharar and injustice in transactions. This study aims to examine the mechanism of rice buying and selling under the ijon system while assessing its validity from the perspectives of istihsan, 'urf and maslahah mursalah. This study employs a normative-empirical research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through observation and in depth interviews with five farmers, two grain collectors (tengkulak) and one farmers' group leader selected through purposive sampling, while secondary data were obtained from the Qur'an, Hadith, the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law, and literature on muamalah fiqh. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that transactions are conducted verbally with cash payments based on an assessment of the rice crop condition prior to harvest. This practice contains elements of gharar and ghubn fahisy, therefore, from the perspectives of istihsan, 'urf and maslahah mursalah, it is deemed invalid due to uncertainty regarding the subject matter of the contract and the imbalance of risk in the transaction. A salam contract is recommended as an alternative transaction that better ensures certainty regarding the subject matter and fair pricing for farmers. Abstrak. Praktik transaksi jual beli padi melalui sistem ijon di Desa Karangtengah, Kecamatan Kadungora, Kabupaten Garut, masih berkembang sebagai bentuk kebiasaan masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi sebelum masa panen. Meskipun demikian, praktik tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan berupa ketidakpastian objek akad, ketidakwajaran harga, serta potensi gharar dan ketidakadilan dalam transaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme jual beli padi sistem ijon sekaligus menilai keabsahannya berdasarkan perspektif istihsan, 'urf, dan maslahah mursalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap lima petani, dua pedagang pengumpul (tengkulak), dan satu ketua kelompok tani yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari Al-Qur'an, Hadis, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, serta literatur fikih muamalah. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi dilakukan secara lisan dengan pembayaran tunai berdasarkan penaksiran terhadap kondisi tanaman padi sebelum panen. Praktik tersebut mengandung unsur gharar dan ghubn fahisy, sehingga berdasarkan perspektif istihsan, 'urf, dan maslahah mursalah dinilai tidak sah karena terdapat ketidakpastian objek akad dan ketidakseimbangan risiko dalam transaksi. Akad salam disarankan sebagai alternatif transaksi yang lebih menjamin kepastian objek dan keadilan harga bagi petani.

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