Kartini Hasballah
Universitas Batam

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Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Lemborexant Versus Benzodiazepines in Patients with Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Kartini Hasballah; Fifin Oktaviani; Heldi Candra; Wilda Fasim Hasibuan
Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli : Termometer: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/termometer.v4i3.6976

Abstract

Chronic insomnia is a common sleep disorder that erodes quality of life, cognitive performance, and day-to-day safety. Benzodiazepines remain a mainstay of pharmacological treatment, yet their safety profile is a persistent concern, especially among older adults. Lemborexant, a newer dual orexin receptor antagonist, offers a distinct mechanism and a claim of improved safety. This review set out to weigh the two agents against each other on effectiveness and safety, focusing on daytime somnolence, fall risk, and cognitive impairment. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in line with the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Five databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect) were searched up to April 2026. Randomised controlled trials and comparative observational studies contrasting lemborexant with benzodiazepines or placebo in adults with insomnia were eligible. Risk of bias was appraised with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From 747 records, 18 studies entered the qualitative synthesis and 12 the quantitative analysis (n = 49,907 participants). Compared with benzodiazepines, lemborexant produced less daytime somnolence (SMD = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.16; p < 0.001), a lower risk of falls (log OR = -0.51; 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.30; p < 0.001), and less cognitive impairment (SMD = -0.18; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.02; p = 0.028). Between-study heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 38-51%). Lemborexant shows a more favourable safety profile than benzodiazepines for daytime somnolence, falls, and cognition, particularly in older adults. The findings support considering lemborexant as a first-line pharmacological option for chronic insomnia when non-pharmacological therapy is unavailable or inadequate.
Association of Polypharmacy and Drug-Related Problems with Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients with Comorbidities Kartini Hasballah; Zaki Mubarak; Heldi Candra; Fifin Oktaviani
Jurnal Ventilator Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ventilator
Publisher : Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59680/ventilator.v3i2.2811

Abstract

Hypertension frequently coexists with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and chronic kidney disease. That mix produces polypharmacy and raises the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs), which in turn can erode quality of life (QoL). This study set out to examine the relationship between polypharmacy, DRPs, and QoL in hypertensive patients with comorbidities. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at the outpatient internal medicine clinic of X Hospital, Batam, from January to June 2024. Consecutive sampling yielded 130 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Polypharmacy was defined as the concurrent use of five or more medications. DRPs were classified with the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V9.1 tool, Bahasa Indonesia version. QoL was measured using the validated Indonesian SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analysed with Spearman rank correlation and multivariate logistic regression. Polypharmacy was present in 63.1% of patients, and DRPs were identified in 76.2%, most commonly drug interactions (31.4%) and dose-selection issues (24.8%). Polypharmacy correlated negatively with total QoL scores (r = -0.542; p < 0.001), as did DRPs (r = -0.418; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed polypharmacy (AOR 3.24; 95% CI 1.62-6.48) and DRPs (AOR 2.87; 95% CI 1.41-5.85) as independent predictors of poor QoL. Integrated pharmaceutical care with an explicit focus on medication review is critical for mitigating DRPs and improving QoL in this population.