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Kajian Dampak Lingkungan pada Sistem Produksi Listrik dari Limbah Buah Menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment Fajar Marendra; Anggun Rahmada; Agus Prasetya; Rochim Bakti Cahyono; Teguh Ariyanto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 12, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.36425

A B S T R A C TProducing biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising process that can simultaneously provide renewable energy and dispose solid waste safely. However, this process could affect environment e.g. due to greenhouse gas emissions. By life cycle assessment (LCA), we assessed the environmental impact (EI) of an integrated fruit waste-based biogas system and its subsystems of Biogas Power Plant Gamping. Data were collected from an actual plant in Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia that adopted a wet AD process at mesophilic condition. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) emission of the system reached 81.95 kgCO2-eq/t, and the acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTPinf) and fresh water ecotoxicity (FAETPinf) emissions were low. The EI was mainly generated by two subsystems, namely, the electricity generation and the digestate storage. A comparison analysis showed that the GWP become the main contributor of environmental loads produced by Biogas Plant Gamping, Suazhou Biogas Model, Opatokun Biogas Model, Opatokun Pyrolisis Model, dan Opatokun Integrated System Anaerobic Digestion and Pyrolisis. The GWP impact control and reduction could significantly reduce the EI of the system. It has been shown that improving the technology of the process, the electricity generation and the digestate storage will result in the reduction of EI of the biogas system.Keywords: environmental impact; fruit waste; life cycle assessment (LCA); renewable energyA B S T R A KProduksi listrik dari biogas dengan anaerobic digestion (AD) merupakan proses yang menjanjikan karena dapat menghasilkan energi listrik dan penanganan limbah padat dengan aman. Namun, proses ini mempengaruhi lingkungan akibat emisi gas rumah kaca. Penilaian dampak lingkungan (environmental impact atau EI) sistem biogas berbasis limbah terpadu dan subsistemnya terhadap Biogas Power Plant Gamping (BPG) dilakukan dengan metode life cycle assesement atau LCA. Data dikumpulkan dari plant yang sebenarnya di Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia yang mengadopsi proses AD basah pada kondisi mesofilik. Potensi pemanasan global (global warming potential atau GWP) dari sistem mencapai 81,95 kgCO2-eq/t, sedangkan potensi keasaman (acidification potential atau AP), potensi eutrofikasi (eutrophication potential atau EP), potensi toksisitas manusia (human toxicity potential atau HTPinf) dan ekotoksisitas air (fresh water ecotoxicity atau FAETPinf) potensi emisinya cukup rendah. Potensi EI terutama dihasilkan oleh dua subsistem, yaitu, pembangkit listrik dan penyimpanan digestate. Analisis perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa dampak GWP menjadi kontributor utama dari beban lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh Biogas Plant Gamping, biogas model Suazhou, biogas model Opatokun, model pirolisis Opatokun, serta model integrasi AD dan pirolisis Opatokun. Pengendalian dan pengurangan dampak GWP secara signifikan dapat mengurangi EI dari sistem. Telah terbukti bahwa peningkatkan teknologi proses, pembangkit listrik dan penyimpanan digestate akan menghasilkan pengurangan EI dari sistem biogas.Kata kunci: dampak lingkungan; energi terbarukan; life cycle assessment (LCA); limbah buah

Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis K2CO3/y-Al2O3 Handayani, Fitriyani Yetti; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Budiman, Arief
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative fuels. The price of biodiesel is still relatively expensive due to the high price of raw materials. Thus, cheaper raw materials such as used cooking oils can be used. Used cooking oils can be used to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction using alcohol and catalyst. The effect of temperature on the conversion was studied in this research. The research was carried out in batch at various temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 oC by reacting used cooking oil and bioethanol with catalyst K2CO3/γ-Al2O3. The ratio of used cooking oil and bioethanol is 1:9 and the concentration of catalyst is 3%. The reaction was run for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, then the biodiesel was separated from the catalyst and glycerol. Furthermore, the biodiesel samples were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the alkyl ester content. The result showed that the highest conversion was 86.39% at 65oC. The biodiesel product complies with SNI 7182:2015, with a density of 871.7 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 4.82 mm2/s, flash point of 176oC, cloud point of 9oC, copper plate corrosion number 1, acid number 0.39 mg-KOH/g, total glycerol 0.16%, and ester content 98.3%.

Kajian Pembuatan Katalis berbasis Biochar dari Biomassa untuk Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah menjadi Biodiesel Amalia, Riski; Yuliansyah, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti
Prosiding Simposium Nasional Rekayasa Aplikasi Perancangan dan Industri 2023: Prosiding Simposium Nasional Rekayasa Aplikasi Perancangan dan Industri
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

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Katalis berbasis biochar yang dihasilkan dari biomassa telah menjadi subjek penelitian yang semakin berkembang dalam konteks transesterifikasi minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan sumber energi yang berkelanjutan, biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menjadi alternatif menarik. Minyak jelantah adalah limbah dari industri makanan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi biodiesel yang ramah lingkungan. Namun, proses transesterifikasi membutuhkan katalis yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah, sintesis dan aplikasi katalis biochar ditempatkan sebagai elemen integral. katalis berbasis biochar juga memiliki keunggulan dalam hal biaya produksi yang lebih rendah dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan katalis konvensional. Review ini mengkaji perkembangan terbaru dalam pembuatan katalis berbasis biochar dari biomassa yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel. Biochar adalah bahan yang dihasilkan dari dekomposisi biomassa melalui pirolisis. Biochar memiliki struktur pori yang besar dan permukaan yang aktif sehingga dapat berperan sebagai katalis dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Biochar, yang merupakan produk sampingan dari berbagai proses termal, menawarkan potensi yang menarik sebagai katalis alternatif yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Biochar yang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar katalis dihasilkan dari biomassa yang terdiri dari limbah pertanian dan kehutanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan biomassa sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan biochar. Biochar kemudian diaktivasi menggunakan bahan pengaktif tertentu agar memiliki sifat katalitik yang optimal. Proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis biochar ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan alkohol sebagai reagen dalam kondisi tertentu.

Efisiensi energi dan evaluasi keselamatan pada modifikasi penggantian katalis unit Desulfurizer di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI), Bontang, Indonesia Dermawan, Dwi Agus; Arthapersada, Reno Imam; Adiputra, Muhammad Kurniawan; Hakim, Indra P.; Putro, Imam Karfendi; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.68759

Metanol sebagai salah satu bahan kimia dasar dapat digunakan secara langsung sebagai campuran bahan bakar untuk internal combustion engines atau bahan baku antara (intermediate chemicals) untuk memproduksi beragam bahan kimia penting seperti formaldehyde, asam asetat, dimethyl ether (DME), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). PT. KMI memproduksi metanol dengan bahan baku gas alam melalui proses steam reforming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produk yang berkualitas dan proses produksi yang efisien, dibutuhkan metana yang terbebas dari pengotor sulfur. Untuk itu diperlukan unit desulfurizer berupa fixed bed berisi katalis CoMo pada unit 010-D03 dan adsorben penjerap sulfur pada unit 010-D01. Pada tahun 2019 telah dilakukan penggantian katalis 3 in 1 yang mampu menghilangkan sulfur dalam satu tangki fixed bed (010-D01). Berdasarkan data dari logbook operasi pabrik berupa pressure drop, flowrate, suhu, dan komposisi dilakukan evaluasi penghematan energi dan keselamatan dari modifikasi ini. Penggantian katalis baru pada tangki 010-D01 yang memungkinkan tangki CoMo dioperasikan dalam kondisi kosong sehingga mengurangi pressure drop di dalam sistem. Adanya penurunan pressure drop mengakibatkan konsumsi steam pada kompresor NG menjadi berkurang sehingga didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar 379 kg/jam yang setara dengan 40913 USD/tahun atau 8545 MMBtu/tahun. Untuk menjamin keselamatan dari modifikasi, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap potensi deflagration-detonation dan api menggunakan komponen segitiga api. Berdasarkan parameter keberadaan oksigen, diagram flammability, dan autoignition temperature, modifikasi yang mengoperasikan tangki 010-D03 dalam kondisi kosong, aman dari bahaya terbentuknya api dan ledakan. Dengan demikian, modifikasi penggantian katalis dan pengosongan tangki 010-D03 terkonfirmasi meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menghemat pemakaian sumber daya alam, sehingga mendorong aplikasi nyata sustainable development di dunia industri.

Bio-oil synthesis from Botryococcus braunii by microwave-assisted pyrolysis Ortiz, Edixon Daniel; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Budiman, Arief
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 2 (2022): Volume 16, Number 2, 2022
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.74241

Microalgae have proven to be a promising resource in renewable energy search; Products such as bio-oils could contribute to the replacement of petroleum. The objective of this investigation is to determine the decomposition mechanism, obtain the kinetic reaction, as well as evaluate the potential to obtain microalgae bio-oil through microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP). MAP is a new thermochemical conversion from biomass to bio-oil that is faster, efficient, controllable, and flexible, compared to conventional pyrolysis, rapid pyrolysis, or instant pyrolysis. As raw material in this experiment, Indonesian microalgae, Botryococcus braunii was used. The investigation focused on the temperature effect (100-300 °C) and the residence time (10-30 min); a modified microwave oven was used with a power of 900 W. Hexane was used for the extraction of bio- oil. The bio-oil composition was measured with chromatography of mass spectrometry gas (GC-MS) and then this data was used to evaluate a kinetic model and calculate the constant kinetic reaction of the pyrolysis process. The results indicated that bio-oil production begins from 100 °C, however, temperatures between 200-250 °C favor the production of bio-oil, while temperatures above 250 °C and the long residence times prioritize the production of bio-gas. Regarding the kinetic evaluated, the reactions seem to show from third to sixth order with an activation energy (E) of around 30 kj/mol and a pre-exponential factor (ln A) of around 9 s-1. Based on GC-MS Analysis, the bio-oil contains short chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, organic acids as well as aromatic, phenol, benzene compounds. On the other hand, although small amounts of oil were achieved, the decomposition of biomass was up to 50% favoring gas production, these results indicate that MAP has potential in the obtaining of biofuels such as bio-gas and bio-oil.

Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis K2CO3/y-Al2O3 Handayani, Fitriyani Yetti; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Budiman, Arief
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative fuels. The price of biodiesel is still relatively expensive due to the high price of raw materials. Thus, cheaper raw materials such as used cooking oils can be used. Used cooking oils can be used to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction using alcohol and catalyst. The effect of temperature on the conversion was studied in this research. The research was carried out in batch at various temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 oC by reacting used cooking oil and bioethanol with catalyst K2CO3/γ-Al2O3. The ratio of used cooking oil and bioethanol is 1:9 and the concentration of catalyst is 3%. The reaction was run for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, then the biodiesel was separated from the catalyst and glycerol. Furthermore, the biodiesel samples were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the alkyl ester content. The result showed that the highest conversion was 86.39% at 65oC. The biodiesel product complies with SNI 7182:2015, with a density of 871.7 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 4.82 mm2/s, flash point of 176oC, cloud point of 9oC, copper plate corrosion number 1, acid number 0.39 mg-KOH/g, total glycerol 0.16%, and ester content 98.3%.

Comparative Study of the Single and Double-Stage Thermochemical Pretreatment of Gracilaria sp. for Biogas Feedstock Prastyo, Elli; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Marbelia, Lisendra; Budhijanto, Wiratni
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 58 No. 1(2026): February
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.1.6

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of single-stage thermochemical pretreatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and a double-stage pretreatment combining NaOH and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the production of reducing sugars and total phenolic compounds (TPC). The influence of pretreatment duration (30–120 minutes) and solvent concentration (NaOH: 0.2–1 N; HCl: 0.05–0.4 N) at 100 °C was systematically investigated. The results showed that the double-stage pretreatment led to a higher yield of reducing sugars while maintaining relatively low TPC levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that, in the single-stage pretreatment, NaOH concentration had a more pronounced effect than treatment duration. Conversely, in the double-stage pretreatment, duration had a greater influence than HCl concentration. Overall, the double-stage pretreatment, involving NaOH-induced delignification followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, offers a promising strategy for the efficient conversion of macroalgae into reducing sugars while minimizing phenolic compound accumulation.

Pengolahan Air Terproduksi Berbasis Teknologi Hybrid Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Risiko Bahaya Lingkungan dan K3 di PT XYZ Santoso, Teguh; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 11 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah Pekanbaru

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25311/keskom.Vol11.Iss3.2383

Produced water is the main waste generated from oil and gas exploration and production activities, containing hazardous organic and inorganic compounds such as phenol, ammonia, sulfide, as well as oil and grease, which have the potential to pollute the environment and pose risks to occupational health and safety (OHS), particularly from exposure to H₂S and ammonia gases. This study employed an experimental design through laboratory testing and pilot-plant simulation, comprising aeration, coagulation–flocculation, biological aeration, and filtration processes at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of PT XYZ in Indramayu. Samples were collected from the WWTP inlet and outlet using the composite sampling method over a four-month period (April–August 2025), totaling 153 samples with triplicate tests for each parameter, including temperature, pH, oil and grease, COD, phenol, sulfide, and ammonia, in accordance with APHA (2017) standards. The results showed that the hybrid system reduced oil and grease, COD, phenol, and ammonia by more than 80%, and sulfide by more than 70%, indicating that the effluent met the quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 19 of 2010. The application of hybrid technology proved to be technically effective, operationally safe, and contributed to mitigating OHS risks and supporting environmental sustainability in the upstream oil and gas industry. Further research is recommended to focus on a more detailed analysis of additional parameters such as heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd) and organic micro-pollutants to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the system’s effectiveness and potential environmental impacts.

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