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Journal : International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

Effect on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on various vegetable oils on droplet combustion characteristic Perdana, Dony; Rohman, Muhamad Nur; Choifin, Mochamad
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp980-987

Abstract

Vegetable oils have composed of triglycerides, which one consist of 3 fatty acids combined with glycerol. Each saturated and unsaturated fatty acid has a different effect on burning characteristics. This study aimed to investigated effect of fatty acids at ceiba pentandra and jatropha oils on the flame behavior of the droplet combustion process. The combustion characteristic was observed by an ignited droplet at the junction using a thermocouple and a high-speed camera (120 fps). Results showed that a higher saturated fatty acid content resulted in long-life and steady flames. This is because more oleic and linoleic acid carbon atoms leave the droplet area and react with air. Jatropha oil produces a higher temperature of 780 °C than ceiba pentandra oil. Temperature of a vegetable oils flame is influenced by number of carbon chains, double bond, and heating value. Ceiba pentandra oil has a higher burning rate of 0.185 mm/s than jatropha oil at 0.155 mm/s. The chain content of polyunsaturated fatty acids has significant effect on rate of combustion, which is due to the weak van der Waals dispersion forces, such that heat absorption is more active and energetic. The highest flame height for ceiba pentandra oil is 55.03 mm compared to for jatropha oil it is 46.82 mm. Long-chain unsaturated double bonds and glycerol cause micro-explosions. This micro-explosion caused the shape of the flame to split and expand so that evaporation occurred faster, thus increasing the size of the flame.
Integration of renewable energy for sustainable electric vehicle charging in Sidoarjo, Indonesia: a techno-economic perspective Choifin, Mochamad; Trisnoaji, Yuki; Arifin, Zainal; Mauludin, Mochamad Subchan; Rizkita, Marsya Aulia; Prasetyo, Singgih Dwi; Perdana, Dony
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp23-36

Abstract

This study explores the techno-economic feasibility of integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Through simulation using HOMER Pro software, both standalone PV and PV-grid hybrid configurations were evaluated under real-world EV load profiles. The analysis reveals that the PV-grid hybrid system demonstrates superior economic performance, achieving an annual energy production of 39,214 kWh, a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.3975/kWh, and a return on investment (ROI) of 62.01% over 20 years, despite a payback period exceeding 30 years. Sensitivity analysis confirms that the system remains moderately resilient under a 10% reduction in solar irradiance or a 20% increase in EV demand. The study also compares the standalone PV configuration, which, while suitable for off-grid applications, results in significant energy underutilization. Moreover, the PV-grid model supports surplus electricity sales, enhancing financial viability. These findings provide actionable insights for stakeholders, energy planners, and policymakers aiming to scale EV charging infrastructure sustainably in Indonesia’s urban environments.