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All Journal Journal of Civil Engineering Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design Civil and Sustainable Urban Engineering Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Science Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development IJITL
Ling, Jen Hua
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An Application of Blended Palm Oil Waste in Brick Production Jusli, Euniza; Ling, Jen Hua; Bujang, Mastura; Ali, Dayang Siti Hazimmah; Lee, Toh Sing
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v3i2.175

Abstract

Cement brick is an essential construction component, which uses cement as the primary binder. The cement industry was identified as the major contributor to carbon dioxide emission, which is a greenhouse gas. The application of agro-industrial waste as partial cement replacement can reduce the negative impacts on the environment. In this study, the palm oil wastes, namely Palm Oil Clinker Powder (POCP) and Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA), were used as partial cement replacement. A total of 60 specimens were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement by POCP and POBA. The physical and mechanical properties of bricks, such as density, water absorption, voids, and compressive strength, were investigated. The results show that the brick with 20% CP and BA could be used as a severe weathering brick.
Behavior of Grouted Sleeve Wall Connection under Lateral Load Ling, Jen Hua; Abd. Rahman, Ahmad Baharuddin; Ibrahim, Izni Syahrizal
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v6i1.337

Abstract

A grouted sleeve’s efficiency in splicing steel bars makes it a potential choice for connecting precast elements. While most studies have focused on the feasibility of grouted sleeves under tension, only a few have investigated the real response of precast concrete members connected using grouted sleeves. In this study, Tapered Head Sleeves (THS) were utilized as connections for precast walls. The objectives were to examine their behavior under incremental lateral loads and assess the feasibility of THS as a wall connection. Five test specimens and one control specimen were fabricated, each comprising two walls joined by THS. The load was applied 1.8 m above the joint until specimen failure. Specimens that experienced bar fracture failure exhibited a relatively large drift upon failure, while those failing due to bar bond slip showed smaller drift. Factors contributing to wall drift included horizontal slip, rocking displacement, cantilever bending deformation, and compressive settlement. The ultimate load increased by 71% as the embedded length increased from 75 mm to 175 mm, and it increased by 50% as the sleeve diameter decreased from 75 mm to 50 mm. The sleeves' performance was evaluated for feasibility based on the strength ratio, drift ratio, ductility ratio, failure mode, performance ratio, serviceability ratio, and length ratio. Only THS-8 met all the criteria, suggesting that the bar's embedded length should be at least 11 times the bar diameter.
Lessons Learned from Challenges in Developing a Test Setup to Replace a Faulty Universal Testing Machine Ling, Jen Hua; Chin, Wei Jun; Ling, Bing Liang; Su, Vincent Liang Cheng
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/ijoced.v7i2.496

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges encountered in developing a test setup to replace a malfunctioning Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The setup was designed using a portal frame, hydraulic jack system, data acquisition system, and beam reaction system to simulate compressive forces on concrete-filled tube (CFT) specimens. Significant issues arose, including deformation of the steel plate, which failed to uniformly distribute stress; excessive out-of-plane deformation of the supporting steel beam; and load cell damage due to overloading. These problems resulted from inappropriate load simulation, inaccurate measurements, and safety concerns. Despite multiple mitigation attempts, the setup was ultimately unsuccessful and discontinued. Displacement discrepancies reached 90.9% and 76.7% in Setup 1 and Setup 2, respectively, while strength discrepancies of 31.9% to 46.2% were observed in identical specimens. This research highlights the complexities of replicating precise testing conditions and underscores the need for thorough planning and expertise in experimental design. To guide future setups, this study recommends a strength hierarchy, in ascending order: specimen, hydraulic cylinder, load cell, steel beam, and portal frame, to ensure safety and reliability in test execution.
From Assistance to Autonomy: A Taxonomy of Human-AI Collaboration in Higher Education Ling, Jen Hua
Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Papanda Publishier

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56916/ijess.v5i1.3346

Abstract

This review aims to synthesise current knowledge on AI integration in higher education and conceptualise human-AI collaboration. Using a structured narrative review of literature, it examines evolving educator roles and approaches to AI adoption. While AI can enhance productivity, concerns regarding academic integrity, over-reliance, and authentic learning remain. Fully AI-free instruction remains theoretically possible but is increasingly rare, whereas complete replacement of human educators through fully autonomous AI-led instruction is unlikely in contemporary higher education. To conceptualise varying degrees of AI involvement, a six-level taxonomy of human–AI collaboration is proposed, ranging from fully human-controlled instruction to higher levels of AI autonomy. Currently, most collaboration occurs at Levels 2 to 3, with AI serving as an instructional, evaluative, or pedagogical decision partner. Effective adoption requires AI literacy among students and educators, AI supporting rather than replacing student cognitive effort, educators designing AI-resilient tasks and assessments that prioritise reasoning and include human-in-the-loop evaluation, and institutions ensuring pedagogical alignment, ethical governance, and sustainable implementation. The taxonomy provides a shared language to characterise current practices, anticipate shifts in human–AI roles, and guide educational practice, policy, and future research.
Experimental Study on Concrete-Filled PVC Tubes Using E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete Ling, Jen Hua; Chin, Wei Quan
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 41 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25799029.v41i1.9495

Abstract

Concrete-filled plastic tubes (CFPT) provide corrosion resistance compared to concrete-filled steel tubes but have low stiffness and tensile capacity, which weakens confinement. This study investigates E-glass fibre-reinforced concrete as infill to address these limitations. Compressive tests were conducted on 54 specimens in four groups: plain concrete (C), E-glass fibre reinforced concrete (EC), concrete-filled tube (CP), and E-glass fibre reinforced concrete-filled tube (ECP). Variables included specimen diameter (75–150 mm), fibre content (0–1.5% by cement weight), and confinement (with or without PVC tubes). Increasing diameter from 75 mm to 150 mm raised compressive strength by 2.1 to 4.9 times. The strength gain, however, was disproportionate to the increase in load-bearing area due to poor compaction, uneven fibre distribution, reduced confinement effectiveness, and slenderness effects. Adding E-glass fibres reduced strength by 10% to 56%, with variation likely caused by workability issues and fibre clustering. PVC confinement improved plain concrete strength proportionally to the 2t/d ratio but had inconsistent effects on fibre-reinforced mixes. Failure modes included bulging, shear, and tube bursting. Recommendations include improving workability, enhancing bonding, and increasing PVC tube stiffness to optimise CFPT performance.
Co-Authors Abd. Rahman, Ahmad Baharuddin Ali, Dayang Siti Hazimmah Bujang, Mastura Bujang, Mastura Binti Bujang, Ummi Humaira Binti Chin, Wei Jun Chin, Wei Quan Chiong, Mary Mee Shi Ibrahim, Izni Syahrizal Jusli, Euniza Lau, Ji Wei Lee, Toh Sing Leong, Wen Kam Lim, Yong Tat Ling, Bing Liang Sia, How Teck Su, Vincent Liang Cheng Ting, Michelle Sze Hui