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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran (Journal of Medical Science) Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Setianingrum, Findra
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Potential of Herbal Combinations as Adjunctive Therapy for Standard Care of COVID-19 Patients: A Lesson Learned from Indonesia Rozaliyani, Anna; Pratama, Satria; Setianingrum, Findra; Yunita, Fenny; Rumende, C. Martin
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 10, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global disaster that occurred between the end of 2019 and 2023. It caused immeasurable damage to almost all aspects of human life. The disease has opened a lot of new perspectives on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origins and pathogenesis, the nature of the virus, the potential for new treatments, and new policies to overcome this pandemic. This review aims to know the potential of plants that are beneficial to combat the diseases, including immunomodulators in the management of COVID-19. Studies reporting COVID-19 with the keywords SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, medicinal plants, and their benefits were included. We also discussed the molecular pathways of the bioactive compound that may interact with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Clinical management for COVID-19 is still being refined from time to time because many aspects are not yet fully understood and need further studies. Therefore, effective, non-invasive, and affordable treatment must be sought immediately to meet this very urgent need. The commotion situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged various efforts to develop new drugs, including alternative therapies from potential medicinal plants. The pharmacotherapeutic activity of Indonesia-based medicinal plants for COVID-19 has evolved, including Phyllanthus niruri, Andrographis paniculata, Anacardium occidentale, Zingiber officinale, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. The potential benefits of that combination of herbal medicinal plants also need to be explored for better contribution in managing COVID-19, particularly in Indonesia.
Genetic Variation and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida auris Adrir, Mutia Syarifah; Setianingrum, Findra; Adawiyah, Robiatul; Hasyim, Ammar Abdurrahman; Rozaliyani, Anna
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Vol 19, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26891/JIK.v19i1.2025.1-13

Abstract

Candida auris is an invasive yeast that has spread worldwide since it was first identified in Japan in 2009. C.auris has spread through four genetic clades that emerged between 2008 and 2013 and caused nosocomial outbreaks. The mortality rates of C.auris infections vary significantly between regions, ranging from 30 to 60%. C.auris infections can cause fungemia, invasive candidiasis, and spread to various organs. C.auris has a defense mechanism against the innate immune response and virulence factors that are not fully understood. High thermal and salinity tolerance, excretion of protease enzymes, and the ability to form biofilms are the main virulence factors that influence the pathogenicity of C.auris. Due to limited facilities, the diagnosis of C.auris infections is still hampered in some countries. Accurate strain identification methods are essential to prevent the rapid spread of this pathogen. Molecular techniques, including PCR and sequencing of the D1/D2 region of 28s rDNA or internal transcribed spacer using specific primers, are recommended for faster and more accurate identification. Genetic analysis revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differed between clades, especially in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. C.auris exhibits high resistance to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins, with some strains being resistant to all three. Resistance mechanisms include ERG11 gene mutations, Erg11p overexpression, and efflux pump activity. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and high genetic variation complicates infection management, requiring heightened attention to prevent further spread.
Co-Authors Adrir, Mutia Syarifah Anna Rozaliyani C. Martin Rumende, C. Martin Hasyim, Ammar Abdurrahman Robiatul Adawiyah Satria Pratama Yunita, Fenny