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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Pharmacy Reports
Fareza, Muhamad Salman
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Free Chlorine Determination in Disinfectant Product using Visible Spectrophotometry based on Prussian Blue Degradation Wasito, Hendri; Siagian, Defi Srium; Fareza, Muhamad Salman
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 9 No 2 (2021): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2021.9.2.5371

Abstract

Disinfectant products with excessive chlorine could be dangerous for health and need quality control. It is important to develop an analytical method for monitoring product quality. The main objective of this work is to develop an alternative method and evaluate the analytical performance of visible spectrophotometry for determining free chlorine in disinfectant products based on the Prussian blue decomposition process. The capability of chlorine to oxidize ferrous to ferric ions makes the Prussian blue generated by ferrosulfate and potassium ferricyanide is decomposed and measured by spectrophotometer. The formation of Prussian blue was improved by optimizing some reaction conditions and assessing incubation time. Linearity, analytical concentration range, precision, accuracy, detection limit, and quantitation limit parameters were among the examined analytical parameters. The results showed that the optimum concentration of ferrosulfate, potassium ferysianide, and hydrochloric acid for Prussian blue formation was 2.0 mmol L-1, 3.0 mmol L-1, and 0.5 mol L-1, respectively, with 15 minutes incubation time after chlorine addition. Analytical performance parameters seemed appropriate for routine analysis purposes. The developed method can also be applied as an alternative analytical method to determine the free chlorine concentration of disinfection products in the market.
Phytochemical screening and purification of n-hexane fraction of Calophyllum soulattri leaves Sunarto, Sunarto; Yuliasari, Agnes; Susilowati, Sri Sutji; Wasito, Hendri; Wijaya, Triyadi Hendra; Fareza, Muhamad Salman
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 10 No 2 (2022): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2022.10.2.5858

Abstract

Background: Calophyllum soulattri Burm F. is widely utilized in traditional medicine. It is necessary to identify secondary metabolites from C. soulattri leaves to determine the pharmacologically active chemicals. Objective: This study aimed to screen the phytochemical content and purify the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves from Banyumas, Indonesia. Methods: The n-hexane fraction was macerated with methanol, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was tested for flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and phenols using the test tube method. In addition, the compounds were purified using column chromatography. The purified compound was identified by the Liebermann-Burchard reagent, which was compared with commercially available steroid drugs as reference. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, steroid, and phenol compounds. Analyses with the Liebermann-Burchard reagent indicated that the purified compound was potentially a steroid. Conclusion: The compound extracted from the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves was expected as a steroid.
Evaluation of natural compounds as VEGFR-2 inhibitors for breast cancer therapy: insights from molecular docking and drug-likeness analysis Aprilia, Vika; Sarmoko; Fareza, Muhamad Salman; Baroroh, Hanif Nasiatul; Choironi, Nur Amalia
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.82

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide, with VEGFR-2 (KDR) playing a key role in tumor angiogenesis. Inhibiting VEGFR-2 is a promising therapeutic strategy. Natural compounds are increasingly studied for their potential to inhibit VEGFR-2. This study aims to assess the binding affinity of 11 natural compounds (andrographolide, alpha-mangostin, pinostrobin, pinocembrin, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS), xanthorrhizol, galangin, gamma-mangostin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and alashanoid B) to the VEGFR-2 protein through molecular docking and Lipinski's rule analysis, identifying promising candidates for breast cancer treatment. Molecular docking simulations were performed for 11 compounds and sunitinib as a control, with binding energies and interactions analyzed. The compounds were also evaluated for drug-likeness using Lipinski’s rule of five. Curcumin showed the highest binding affinity to VEGFR-2 with a binding energy of -9.9 kcal/mol, surpassing sunitinib (-9.4 kcal/mol). Key interactions were observed with active site residues Cys919 and Asp1046. All tested compounds met the criteria for oral bioavailability per Lipinski’s rules. Curcumin demonstrates potential as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor due to its favorable binding affinity and drug-like properties. Enhancing curcumin’s bioavailability is recommended for effective therapeutic application.
Optimizing Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods of Etlingera elatior Using Response Surface Methodology for High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprinting Wasito, Hendri; Ridha, Kirana Shafa; Fareza, Muhamad Salman
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 7 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 7 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.7.355-361

Abstract

Kecombrang flower (Etlingera elatior) is widely used in traditional medicine and contains various metabolites. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting can be employed as an analytical technique to comprehensively reveal the metabolite profile, while ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was developed to optimize metabolite extraction. This study aims to determine the optimal extraction conditions for E. elatior and apply these conditions in HPLC fingerprinting. This study utilized central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction of E. elatior flowers, focusing on extraction time and the simplicia-to-solvent ratio. The optimal extraction results were applied to HPLC fingerprints of the flowers, leaves, and stems of E. elatior. The chromatograms were further analyzed using chemometric methods, namely principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to classify and interpret the variability of metabolite profiles in different parts of E. elatior. The optimal UAE conditions were determined to be a time of 46 minutes and a simplicia-to-solvent ratio of 1:25 (g/mL). Chemometric analysis revealed that the samples were well clustered, which reflects the similarity of metabolites among them. The HCA further showed that the metabolite profile of E. elatior flowers is closely related to that of the stems.
Co-Authors Aprilia, Vika Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh HENDRI WASITO Nur Amalia Choironi Ridha, Kirana Shafa Sarmoko Sarmoko Siagian, Defi Srium Sri Sutji Susilowati Sunarto Sunarto Triyadi Hendra Wijaya Yuliasari, Agnes