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Stay on trails: Detrimental effects of recreational activities on soil compaction and infiltration Saputra, Danny Dwi; Putra, Aditya Nugraha; Sari, Rika Ratna; Ishaq, Rizki Maulana; Hadiwijoyo, Erekso; Hadi, Maruf; Suprayogo, Didik
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6213

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTS-NP) in East Java, Indonesia showcases a breathtaking volcanic landscape and cultural allure, drawing hundreds of thousands of domestic and international visitors. Recreational activities involving human and animal trampling and motorized-vehicle traffic caused soil disturbance along their networks of paths, trails, or roads, potentially having a detrimental long-term effect on the tourism industry and environmental services provided by the national parks. However, the extent of the impact of these disturbances on soil properties remains unclear. This study assessed the impact of different disturbance intensities, consisting of undisturbed locations as a control (zone 1), low to medium- (zone 2), and high- (zone 3) disturbance intensities on five different BTS-NP tourism hotspots, including Entrance Wonokitri (EW), Whispering Sand (WS), Parking Temple (PT), Teletubbies Hill (TH), and Entrance Bromo Stairs (EB), on soil properties, including soil compaction represented by soil penetration resistance, and soil infiltration. This study revealed that the higher severity impact of recreational activities on soil compaction was parallel with higher disturbance intensity, particularly in EW and TH. In these particular locations, higher soil compaction is significantly linked to lower soil infiltration, thus needing extra attention and protection. Meanwhile, in WS, PT, and EB, soil infiltration was more controlled by the establishment of a cemented topsoil layer consisting of mixed sand, sulfur, and water. Better management strategies, such as the use of proper trails and road infrastructures, particularly on EW and TH, might be relevant to minimize the impact of recreational activities on these ecologically, economically, and culturally important areas.

Optimizing coffee yields in agroforestry systems using WaNuLCAS model: A case study in Malang, Indonesia Fitra, Ahmad Ali Yuddin; Oakley, Simon; Prayogo, Cahyo; Ratna Sari, Rika; Saputra, Danny Dwi; Ishaq, Rizqi Maulana; Suprayogo, Didik
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6337

Agroforestry systems have significant potential for development in increasing coffee production in Indonesia. Besides providing economic benefits, agroforestry can also have ecological impacts, such as improving soil structure, reducing erosion, and other environmental services. There is a complex interaction between trees, soil, and crops in agroforestry systems, making modeling a valuable approach to unraveling these processes. We utilized the spatial and temporal explicit model WaNuLCAS to (i) evaluate the model's performance in depicting actual events (through coffee production and soil water content), (ii) assess the dynamic processes influencing coffee production and the environmental impact of management patterns, (iii) formulate and simulate optimal scenarios for coffee production optimization. Data from a one-year period involving five agroforestry management patterns for coffee-pine in UB Forest were used as input for the model. The model validation results showed satisfactory and acceptable outcomes for coffee production and groundwater dynamics. WaNuLCAS simulation results indicated that pruning and thinning management are crucial factors in increasing coffee production and are related to creating optimal conditions for coffee plants (light, humidity, and inter-plant competition). Additionally, fertilization management can be combined as a supporting factor to meet the nutritional needs of coffee plants. WaNuLCAS simulation results also suggested that pruning and thinning can improve soil physical properties, but thinning increases surface runoff within the system. This research provides insights into how modeling can be used as a decision-making tool.

FUNGSI GANDA AGROFORESTRI KOPI: KONSERVASI CADANGAN KARBON DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI Sari, Rika Ratna; Ishaq, Rizki Maulana; Purnamasari, Eka; Saputra, Danny Dwi
Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtsl.2025.012.1.16

Coffee agroforestry systems have great potential in optimizing the dual function of carbon and biodiversity conservation, especially in areas with high land use pressure. However, although coffee agroforestry has been widely practiced in Indonesia, the specific relationship pattern between carbon stocks and vegetation biodiversity is still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the role of coffee agroforestry in maintaining vegetation diversity and carbon sequestration compared to disturbed forests (HT) and (2) the relationship between carbon stocks and biodiversity at various plant growth stages. Three land use systems were selected such as HT and complex (AFM) and simple (AFS) coffee-based agroforestry systems. The number of trees, species richness (R), Shannon-wiener index (H’), species evenness (E), and carbon stocks were measured in 12 plots (100 m x 20 m) for each vegetation growth stages (seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees). The results showed that the H index in coffee agroforestry was generally low to moderate (0.57-2.05), with the highest diversity in the tree category. The diversity level of AFM could mimic HT. In terms of carbon stock, HT had the highest stock (82±19 Mg ha-1), while total carbon stock showed a positive relationship with H index in all vegetation stages (R2=0,13-0,57). In contrast, the relationship between soil carbon stock and H index tended to be weak (R2=0,10). This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining total carbon stock through diverse vegetation in agroforestri systems to support climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

FUNGSI GANDA AGROFORESTRI KOPI: KONSERVASI CADANGAN KARBON DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI Sari, Rika Ratna; Ishaq, Rizki Maulana; Purnamasari, Eka; Saputra, Danny Dwi
Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtsl.2025.012.1.16

Coffee agroforestry systems have great potential in optimizing the dual function of carbon and biodiversity conservation, especially in areas with high land use pressure. However, although coffee agroforestry has been widely practiced in Indonesia, the specific relationship pattern between carbon stocks and vegetation biodiversity is still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the role of coffee agroforestry in maintaining vegetation diversity and carbon sequestration compared to disturbed forests (HT) and (2) the relationship between carbon stocks and biodiversity at various plant growth stages. Three land use systems were selected such as HT and complex (AFM) and simple (AFS) coffee-based agroforestry systems. The number of trees, species richness (R), Shannon-wiener index (H’), species evenness (E), and carbon stocks were measured in 12 plots (100 m x 20 m) for each vegetation growth stages (seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees). The results showed that the H index in coffee agroforestry was generally low to moderate (0.57-2.05), with the highest diversity in the tree category. The diversity level of AFM could mimic HT. In terms of carbon stock, HT had the highest stock (82±19 Mg ha-1), while total carbon stock showed a positive relationship with H index in all vegetation stages (R2=0,13-0,57). In contrast, the relationship between soil carbon stock and H index tended to be weak (R2=0,10). This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining total carbon stock through diverse vegetation in agroforestri systems to support climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

RECLAMATION OF Imperata Grassland USING COFFEE BASED AGROFORESTRY: IMPACTS ON WATER INFILTRATION Ardiansyah, Nanda; Aldini, Leony Siska; Putra, Arega Dwi; Pradani, Avi Qurvanda Putri; Ishaq, Rizki Maulana; Saputra, Danny Dwi; Hairiah, Kurniatun
Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtsl.2025.012.2.15

The spread of Imperata cylindrica in agricultural lands is often associated with a decline in soil fertility, causing crops to be outcompeted by Imperata cylindrica. This study aimed to evaluate land cover, litter biomass, and soil infiltration rates in lands previously occupied by Imperata cylindrica that had been reclaimed with coffee-based agroforestry in Nagari Sirukam, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The survey on volcanic soils was conducted in July-August 2024. The results showed that natural remnant forests (HT) had the highest canopy cover at 69%, while multistrata agroforestry (AFMT) had a canopy cover of 37%. The highest standing litter was found in multistrata agroforestry (3.1 Mg ha-1), while at HT had 0.6 Mg ha-1 only. The highest infiltration rate was found in Imperata cylindrica grassland (AF0) with 0.072 cm sec-1, due to the dense rhizomes, while multistrata agroforestry had an infiltration rate that was 73% lower (averaged 0.02 cm sec-1). Although the infiltration rate was lower, agroforestry combined with fire control was effective in maintaining soil stability, reducing erosion, and improving soil quality sustainably, providing long-term benefits for soil and water conservation.

The Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Cacao-Based Agroforestry Systems Sari, Rika Ratna; Sapulete, Carla Leany; Saputra, Danny Dwi; Hairiah, Kurniatun
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 30, No 2: May 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2025.v30i2.103-112

Soil degradation is an important problem affecting crop production, especially in cocoa agroforestry systems, where soil health is crucial for optimal results. However, the effect of land management on changes in soil organic matter (SOM) content is often not visible through measurements of total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. This study investigates the distribution of soil organic matter fractions across various land-use gradients and soil depths in cacao-based agroforestry landscapes in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from three villages representing different parts of a watershed and subjected to density fractionation to separate light (LF), intermediate (IF), and heavy (HF) fractions. Our results indicate that remnant forests (RF) maintain higher total SOM fractions, followed by cacao-based complex and simple agroforestry (CAF, SAF), particularly in the 0-10 cm soil depth. In contrast, annual crops (CR), exhibit the lowest SOM fractions. Standing litter and decomposition rates significantly influence the LF, while HF shows minimal variation across land-use systems, suggesting long-term stability. The LF also strongly correlates with SOC content, highlighting its responsiveness to recent organic inputs. The findings underscore the importance of diverse litter inputs and tree diversity in enhancing SOM fractions and SOC content in agroforestry systems. The study concludes that complex cacao-based agroforestry systems can effectively mimic natural forest conditions, promoting soil health. These insights provide valuable knowledge for sustainable land management practices to mitigate soil degradation and improve soil quality in cacao production systems.

The Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Cacao-Based Agroforestry Systems Sari, Rika Ratna; Sapulete, Carla Leany; Saputra, Danny Dwi; Hairiah, Kurniatun
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 30 No. 2: May 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2025.v30i2.103-112

Soil degradation is an important problem affecting crop production, especially in cocoa agroforestry systems, where soil health is crucial for optimal results. However, the effect of land management on changes in soil organic matter (SOM) content is often not visible through measurements of total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. This study investigates the distribution of soil organic matter fractions across various land-use gradients and soil depths in cacao-based agroforestry landscapes in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from three villages representing different parts of a watershed and subjected to density fractionation to separate light (LF), intermediate (IF), and heavy (HF) fractions. Our results indicate that remnant forests (RF) maintain higher total SOM fractions, followed by cacao-based complex and simple agroforestry (CAF, SAF), particularly in the 0-10 cm soil depth. In contrast, annual crops (CR), exhibit the lowest SOM fractions. Standing litter and decomposition rates significantly influence the LF, while HF shows minimal variation across land-use systems, suggesting long-term stability. The LF also strongly correlates with SOC content, highlighting its responsiveness to recent organic inputs. The findings underscore the importance of diverse litter inputs and tree diversity in enhancing SOM fractions and SOC content in agroforestry systems. The study concludes that complex cacao-based agroforestry systems can effectively mimic natural forest conditions, promoting soil health. These insights provide valuable knowledge for sustainable land management practices to mitigate soil degradation and improve soil quality in cacao production systems.

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