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Comparative Analysis of the Quality and Electrical Energy of Wood Waste Briquettes with Natural (Starch) and Synthetic Adhesives (Synthetic Rubber Adhesive) Arnando, Vito; Jelita, Marhama
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 11, No 2 (2024): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v11i2.7153

On average, small and medium-scale wood processing industries produced at least 2 to 4 cubic meters of wood a day, this production produced 0.25 to 2 m3 of wood waste a day. In fact, this waste can be used as a renewable energy source by processing it into briquettes. This research will produce wood waste briquettes using the pyrolysis method from two types of adhesive, namely starch and synthetic rubber adhesive with a composition ratio of 3:1. Apart from that, the resulting briquettes were tested using a bomb calorimeter to obtain the calorific value, water content, ash content, and volatile matter content, and then compared with the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard. The resulting briquettes were then calculated using mathematical calculations for the potential electrical energy they could generate. From laboratory tests, the calorific value, water content, ash content, and volatile matter content of natural adhesive briquettes were obtained at 5194.44 cal/g, 11.3%, 1.36%, and 40.8%, while synthetic adhesive briquettes respectively had values of 6369.46 cal/g, 4.33%, 2.74%, and 25.54%. From these results, synthetic adhesive briquettes had better calorific value, water content, and volatile matter content compared to natural adhesive briquettes. Apart from that, synthetic adhesive briquettes also had greater energy potential with an energy potential of 7,407 kWh/kg compared to briquettes with natural adhesives which only had a value of 6,041 kWh/kg. Thus it can be concluded that synthetic adhesive briquettes are better quality compared to natural adhesive briquettes because they can generate greater energy, and meet 3 of the 4 test parameters based on SNI while natural adhesive briquettes only meet 2 of the same 4 test parameters

Potential Utilization of Flue Gas Using Organic Rankine Cycle (Study Case PLTMG Balai Pungut-Duri) Triyanti, Riska; Jelita, Marhama
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 11, No 1 (2024): PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v11i1.6270

PLTMG Balai Pungut-Duri is one of the largest gas engine type power plants in Riau with a capacity of 7x16 MW. The efficiency produced by the Balai Pungut-Duri PLTMG is 38% with the standards set by PT. PLN Efficiency in this type of generator is 45-47.5%. One of the factors that causes a reduction in the value of efficiency in power plants is that energy is converted into work and some is wasted, one of which is energy from flue gas. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential for utilizing flue gas using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The method used in this study is the law of thermodynamics 1 to determine the parameter values needed to determine the efficiency and power generated using the Engineering Equation Solver software. From the results of the calculations carried out, the Balai Pungut PLTMG produces an efficiency of 38.49% and a power of 14,530 kW under excited conditions. In utilizing flue gas using an organic rankine cycle it produces an efficiency of 19.97% with a power of 4,556 kW. the combined efficiency that can be produced by PLTMG Balai Pungut-Duri is 50.56% with a total power of 19,086 kW, with an efficiency increase of 12.07%. The results of the study show that the use of flue gas energy can increase efficiency according to PLN standards.

Analysis of Electrical Energy Potential from Palm Oil Frond Bioethanol: Case Study of North Bagan Sinembah Village Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Ariyanda Lubis; Marhama Jelita
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): November-January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i1.734

North Bagan Sinembah village in Riau province contributes a land area of 7.376,4443 ha which produces frond biomass 6,3 tons of oil palm fronds per year, North Bagan Sinembah Village so far has not had access to PLN electricity and only uses a generator with a running time of 6 hours per day. This research aims to find the electricity needs of North Bagan Sinembah village with a homogeneous sample, the sampling method used is simple random sampling. This research too test the potential of palm frond bioethanol using the fermentation method using the SuperPro Designer application, calculate potential energy and electrical power with method from a variety of mixed fuels E10%, E30%, E50%, E100%. The electricity needs of North Bagan Sinembah Village are 867,62 kWh with volumetric flow potential of 15,72 L/ha/day, 1.641,66 L/ha/month and 18.053,72 L/ha/year. By using a variety of fuel mixtures E10 produce 172,68 kWh/day, 5.261,88 kWh/month, 57.866,3 kWh/year. E30 produce 161,77 kWh/day, 4.855,16 kWh/month, 53.392,6 kWh/year. E50 produce 1.632,9 kWh/day, 50.400,66 kWh/month, 538.747,9 kWh/year and E100 produces electrical power of 1,257.30 kWh/day, 38,808.48 kWh/month, 414,835.88 kWh/year. The potential electrical power for the fuel mixture is E10 4,144.32 Watts/day, 126,285.12 Watts/month, 1,388,791.2 Watts/year. E30 produces 3,882.48 Watts/day, 116,523.84 Watts/month, 1,281,422.4 Watts /year, E50 39,189.6 Watts/day, 1,209,615.84 Watts/month, 12,929,949.6 Watts/year and E100 produces 30,175.2 Watts/day, 931,403.52 Watts/month, 9,956,061.12 Watts/year. It can be concluded that with variations in the fuel mixture of dexlite and ethanol at each percent of the mixture, it has a large potential for E50 (50% Dexlite and 50% ethanol) per year of 12,929,949.6 watts, due to harvesting palm fronds twice a month, the production bioethanol is carried out every month with a potential electrical power of 1,209,615.84 watts/month.

Improving Solar Cell Efficiency PV/T Using NEPCM by FEM Method Adriana, Syarifah; Jelita, Marhama
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 14, No 1: March 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v14n1.1306.2025

Energy generated from photovoltaic (PV) systems is often wasted, with about 80% converted to heat and only 20% converted to electricity. This indicates the need for further research to improve the energy conversion efficiency in PV systems. This study aims to analyze the cell efficiency and power generation in a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system with variations in nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) concentration and reservoir thickness. The developed PVT configuration includes a photovoltaic cell layer, a thermal paste layer, a reservoir wall, and a channel filled with nanofluid containing NEPCM surrounded by a protective shell. The research method involves simulation using the Finite Element Method to measure system performance regarding energy conversion efficiency, with encapsulated PCM concentration variations at 2%, 10%, and 20%. Additionally, the laminar flow velocity used is 0.5 m/s under steady-state conditions, and the thickness of the PCM material used is 1 mm and 15 mm. The results show that increasing the NEPCM concentration by 5% can improve the electrical and thermal performance of the system by more than 50%. In addition, variations in reservoir thickness also contribute to the overall efficiency. This study concludes that the proposed PVT configuration can improve energy efficiency and optimize thermal management in the system, making it an effective solution for developing renewable energy technologies. Thus, implementing NEPCM in PVT systems can significantly contribute to overall energy efficiency.

Analysis of Waste Utilization of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Into Briquettes for Steam Power Electric Generation Yossi Arif Rachman; Marhama Jelita
Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) Vol 11 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Ecotipe, October 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v11i2.4492

Waste in Indonesia reaches 65.2 million tons/year, dominated by organic and inorganic waste. Around 36% of the total waste has not been managed properly, including 4K1P waste (paper, wood, cloth, rubber, and plastic), which is flammable and can be made into RDF briquettes using the pyrolysis method and paraffin adhesive which will used three variations of raw materials, namely from organic, inorganic and mixed waste. The quality of the three briquettes was compared based on calorific value, ash content, water content, and PLTU fuel requirements if used as fuel for a 7.5 MW capacity PLTU. The weight of the initial raw material for briquettes is 2 kg which produces 875 grams of paper carbon charcoal, 648 grams of wood, 1.09 kg of plastic, 856 grams of cloth, and 1.16 kg of rubber, resulting in 10 pieces of organic, inorganic and mixed briquettes each. The test results show that inorganic briquettes have the best quality with a calorific value of 8,075.92 cal/g, water content of 1.75%, and ash content of 10.84%, where the calorific value and water content meet SNI-01-6235-2000. The minimum fuel requirement for a PLTU using RDF briquettes is inorganic briquettes, namely 3.05 tonnes/hour with an annual requirement of 26,205.6 tonnes/year. It can be concluded that inorganic briquettes have the best quality and require the least amount of fuel to be used in PLTU.

POTENSI BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN JERAMI PADI DAN KOTORAN AYAM PADA SUHU MESOFILIK DAN TERMOFILIK DENGAN RASIO C/N IDEAL Gani, M Afdol; Jelita, Marhama
Rang Teknik Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Vol. 8 No. 2 Juni 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31869/rtj.v8i2.6263

This research aims to optimize the utilization of rice straw waste into biogas by mixing chicken manure to achieve an ideal C/N ratio of 30. The method used in the anaerobic fermentation process uses SuperPro Designer software simulation and compares good biogas production from mesophilic temperatures (350C) and thermophilic (550C). The results of the research show that 4,000 kg of rice straw used to achieve a C/N ratio of 30 requires a mixture of 1,455 kg of chicken. Biogas potential from a mixture of rice straw and chicken manure with a C/N ratio of 30 at a temperature of 55°C produces the highest volume of biogas, reaching 617,887 m³, with a methane content of 81.83%. The increase in biogas yield of 20.15% at thermophilic temperatures compared to mesophilic temperatures shows that high temperatures increase the efficiency of biogas production. This research found the potential of rice straw as a sustainable biogas raw material with a C/N ratio of 30 with a thermophilic temperature that influences biogas production and the electrical energy produced.Keywords: Rice Straw, C/N Ratio, Temperature, Biogas

Analysis of Electrical Energy Potential from Palm Oil Frond Bioethanol: Case Study of North Bagan Sinembah Village Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Lubis, Ariyanda; Marhama Jelita
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): November-January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i1.734

North Bagan Sinembah village in Riau province contributes a land area of 7.376,4443 ha which produces frond biomass 6,3 tons of oil palm fronds per year, North Bagan Sinembah Village so far has not had access to PLN electricity and only uses a generator with a running time of 6 hours per day. This research aims to find the electricity needs of North Bagan Sinembah village with a homogeneous sample, the sampling method used is simple random sampling. This research too test the potential of palm frond bioethanol using the fermentation method using the SuperPro Designer application, calculate potential energy and electrical power with method from a variety of mixed fuels E10%, E30%, E50%, E100%. The electricity needs of North Bagan Sinembah Village are 867,62 kWh with volumetric flow potential of 15,72 L/ha/day, 1.641,66 L/ha/month and 18.053,72 L/ha/year. By using a variety of fuel mixtures E10 produce 172,68 kWh/day, 5.261,88 kWh/month, 57.866,3 kWh/year. E30 produce 161,77 kWh/day, 4.855,16 kWh/month, 53.392,6 kWh/year. E50 produce 1.632,9 kWh/day, 50.400,66 kWh/month, 538.747,9 kWh/year and E100 produces electrical power of 1,257.30 kWh/day, 38,808.48 kWh/month, 414,835.88 kWh/year. The potential electrical power for the fuel mixture is E10 4,144.32 Watts/day, 126,285.12 Watts/month, 1,388,791.2 Watts/year. E30 produces 3,882.48 Watts/day, 116,523.84 Watts/month, 1,281,422.4 Watts /year, E50 39,189.6 Watts/day, 1,209,615.84 Watts/month, 12,929,949.6 Watts/year and E100 produces 30,175.2 Watts/day, 931,403.52 Watts/month, 9,956,061.12 Watts/year. It can be concluded that with variations in the fuel mixture of dexlite and ethanol at each percent of the mixture, it has a large potential for E50 (50% Dexlite and 50% ethanol) per year of 12,929,949.6 watts, due to harvesting palm fronds twice a month, the production bioethanol is carried out every month with a potential electrical power of 1,209,615.84 watts/month.

Effect of Tilt Angle on Solar Cell Efficiency and Electrical Energy of Nanofluid Filled Photovoltaic-Termal (PV/T) Systems Ananda, Fadilla; Jelita, Marhama
Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) Vol 12 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ecotipe, April 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v12i1.4547

This study aims to analyze the effect of nanofluid concentration and panel tilt angle variation on photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system efficiency using numerical simulation with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results showed that the optimal nanofluid concentration of 20% resulted in an even distribution of fluid flow, while increasing the concentration to 20% at an inclination angle of Ï€/6 decreased the PV cell temperature, increased the photovoltaic efficiency to 12.04%, and the best electrical power of 36.71 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 69.5% was achieved at a concentration of 20% with an inclination angle of Ï€/6, while the highest total efficiency of 81.7% was achieved at an inclination angle of Ï€/3. The optimal combination of nanofluid concentration and tilt angle was shown to significantly improve the energy efficiency of the PV/T system, making an important contribution to the development of more efficient renewable energy technologies.

Potensi Energi Listrik Dari Bioetanol Nira Kelapa Sawit Hasil Pengolahan Limbah Replanting Studi Kasus PT Duta Palma Nusantara PKS Kuko, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Riau Setiawan, Eksal Yoga; Jelita, Marhama Marhama
SITEKIN: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri Vol 19, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/sitekin.v19i2.15003

ABSTRAK Energi listrik adalah kebutuhan yang paling penting untuk sektor kehidupan, tidak terkecuali sektor industri. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan besarnya kebutuhan listrik PT Duta Palma Nusantara PKS Kuko yang mencapai 1,7-2,5 juta kW tiap tahunnya. Besarnya kebutuhan listrik tersebut selama ini dipenuhi oleh genset berbahan bakar solar. Tanaman Elaeis quineensis Jacq atau kelapa sawit adalah salah satu biomassa yang jumlahnya cukup melimpah di Indonesia, khususnya Riau. Batang kelapa sawit masih memiliki kandungan nira yang dapat dijadikan sumber energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi energi bioetanol nira sawit untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik pabrik dengan menggunakan metode fermentasi dan destilasi dengan simulasi aplikasi Superpro untuk mengetahui potensi bioetanol yang terkandung tersebut. Dari hasil simulasi, diperoleh potensi bioetanol nira sawit PT Duta Palma Nusantara PKS Kuko Tahun 2020 sebesar 463.311,75 l/hari. Bioetanol tersebut dapat menghasilkan listrik sebesar 34.166.278,6 kWh/Hari untuk E10 dan 22.628.077,7 kWh/Hari untuk E100, dengan potensi daya E10 = 1.423.595,98 kW dan E100 = 942.836,57 kW. Apabila diaplikasikan pada genset dengan kapasitas 1100 kVa dengan campuran bahan bakar bensin , maka per jamnya Total Fuel Consumption (TFC) yang dibutuhkan sebesar 176,57 l/h untuk E10 dan 177,46 l/h untuk E100 dengan Spesific Fuel Consumption (SFC) sebesar E10 = 0,0182 l/kWh dan E100 = 0,0183 l/kWh. Nilai efisiensi genset dengan bahan bakar (E0) adalah 90,10%, tertinggi dibanding jenis bahan bakar lainnya. Namun efisiensi bahan bakar (E10) juga cukup tinggi yakni 54,19% dan dapat ditingkatkan lagi sampai efisiensi 82,80% dengan penambahan etanol sampai 100% (E100). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa nira sawit dapat dijadikan bioethanol untuk bahan bakar genset yang memenuhi kebutuhan listrik pabrik .Kata Kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Nira, Bioetanol, Listrik

Analisis Perbandingan Bahan Bakar Gas dan Energi Listrik Dari Biogas Dengan Memanfaatkan Feses Manusia Utama, Nanda; Jelita, Marhama
JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 9, No 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36722/sst.v9i1.2619

The increasing population growth every year results in many problems, the problem that arises is the increasing amount of waste in the form of human feces that is thrown into septic tanks. Large amounts of human feces can be found, such as in Islamic boarding schools with the number of students continuing to increase, causing the amount of feces to also continue to increase. The problem of human feces can be overcome by utilizing feces into biogas. Utilizing biogas is a solution to replace fossil fuels and also prevents human waste from polluting the environment. The aim of the research is to find out the potential amount of student feces, find out the biogas produced using the anaerobic method, find out the results of converting biogas to LPG fuel and electrical energy and compare the costs of the energy conversion process so as to save the operational costs of the Islamic boarding school. The amount of feces produced from 59 people was 14.75 kg/day with the biogas obtained being 0.068 m3/day, the conversion of biogas to LPG fuel as much as 0.03128 kg/day, the electrical energy produced was 223,892 kJ/day, the result of converting biogas to electrical energy is 0.06224 kWh/day, the cost of saving gas fuel is IDR. 33,456 and the cost of saving electrical energy is Rp. 2,524. So the result of using biogas from human feces is that the greatest energy obtained is electrical energy, while the greatest savings are gas fuel.Keywords - Human Feces, Gas Fuel, Electrical Energy, Biogas, Anaerobic Methods.

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