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All Journal Masyarakat Telematika Dan Informasi : Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi HERBAPHARMA : Journal of Herb Farmacological Jurnal Sabdariffarma: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Borneo Journal Of Pharmascientech Journal of Holistic and Health Sciences (Jurnal Ilmu Holistik dan Kesehatan) Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Jurnal Buana Farma Organisms: Journal of Biosciences Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy (PSCP) Jurnal Medika Farmaka
Kartikawati, Endah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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The Effect of Preservatives in Cough Syrups on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans Kartikawati, Endah; Yus Hargono Cahyaning Yudi; Henny Setiawati; Syumillah
ORGANISMS: JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Organisms: Journal of Biosciences
Publisher : Pusat HKI, Paten, dan Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/8s1h2n39

Abstract

Generally, non-sterile pharmaceutical formulations contain preservatives added to protect the product from microbial growth. Preservatives are used in liquid non-sterile formulations, topical preparations, and other multi-dose forms. This study aims to assess the impact of preservatives in cough syrup on several microorganisms. The study utilized a cough syrup sample (Brand X) that was homogenized with phosphate buffer Solutions pH 7.2   and subsequently spiked with four types of microorganisms with six replicates: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Total plate count (TPC) method conducted and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), followed by post-hoc testing using SPSS 23 software. No growth of P. aeruginosa was observed in samples spiked with an initial concentration of 1.69 x 105 colonies/mL, indicating that the preservative in the cough syrup effectively inhibit P. aeruginosa. For E. coli and C. albicans, no significant difference in growth was observed compared to the initial concentration of microorganisms. S. aureus showed no significant decrease in logarithmic values, with the initial concentration of 1.88 x 105 colonies/mL reducing to 1.09 x 105 colonies/mL. The conclusion of this study is that the preservatives in cough syrup significantly reduce the growth of P. aeruginosa more effectively than S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans 
Standardization, Quantification of Total Phenolics, Flavonoid Content, and Antibacterial Activity of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) Herawati, Irma Erika; Dewi, Lisna; Kartikawati, Endah; Saepudin, Syumillah
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v7i1.29746

Abstract

Yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) has been used empirical in West Sumatra, Indonesia, for stomach disease, anti-malaria, and tumors. The present study aims to characterize non-specific and specific parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antibacterial activity of yellow root. Standardization of yellow root extract tests was carried out in accordance with the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia. TPC was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. TFC was calculated using an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, and antibacterial activity was evaluated against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 1223 by the agar diffusion method using the extract and fractions. The results for non-specific parameters showed the water content of the extract (10.1%) and the shrinkage-dried extract (12%). Specific parameters revealed that the extract had a distinct odor, a bitter taste, a brownish-yellow color, and a thick consistency. Microscopic parameters revealed fragments including fibrous sclerotic cells, parenchymal cells, exocarpic stone cells, stone cells, essential oil cells, and tracheal cells. The value of water-soluble compounds was 5.25%, and the value of the ethanol-soluble compounds was 19.75%. Thin-layer chromatography from the extract showed the presence of spots of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins. The yellow root extract contained total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 87.37 mg GAE/g and 73.80 mg QE/g, respectively. At 800 ppm, the ethanolic extract and fractions, with an inhibition zone of 20.53±0.58 mm, approached the value for clindamycin phosphate (21.90±0.40 mm). Overall, these findings demonstrate that the standardized ethanolic extract of Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. roor possesses promising antibacterial activity against P. acnes, supporting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for further development as a natural anti-acne agent.
Co-Authors Ajeng, Nurtina Dwi Al-Azzahra, Yunita Destiati, Yinyin Dewi, Lisna Hadisoebroto, Ginayanti Henny Setiawati Herawati, Sinta Oktaviani Herliyani, Widya Hidayat, Taufik Septiyan inayah, ita Irma Erika Herawati Kusdi Hartono, Kusdi Marni, Aulia Pulungan, Habiba Fikri Farika Qurayssiah, Qurayssiah Rahayu, Iseu Sagita, Riris Slamet , Tuty Syumillah Saepudin Widiyaningrum, Eva Mutba Yuni , Mutiara Khairati Yunita Al-Azzahra Yus Hargono Cahyaning Yudi