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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization
Baharom, Rahimi
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Investigating power quality issues in electric buggy battery charger systems: analysis and mitigation strategies Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Muhamad, Samshul Munir; Saidon, Wan Salha; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2534-2544

Abstract

This paper investigates power quality issues in the battery charger system of an electric buggy. Key power quality parameters such as total harmonic distortion (THD), power factor (PF), input voltage, and input current, were measured and analyzed during the charging process. The findings reveal significant power quality challenges, with THD levels exceeding IEEE 519 standards, indicating inefficiencies and potential risks such as increased heating and stress on charger components. Power factor readings reveal a substantial reactive power component, further contributing to inefficiency. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing harmonic mitigation techniques, such as passive and active filters, to reduce THD levels, using power factor correction methods, and optimizing charging algorithms to manage power demand more effectively. Continuous monitoring of charging parameters is essential for maintaining optimal performance and reliability. Adhering to standards is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, with regular compliance testing and benchmarking necessary to identify improvement areas and maintain a high-quality charging infrastructure. The proposed solutions aim to develop a sustainable and efficient charging system for electric buggies, providing valuable insights and recommendations for future research and development in power electronics and drive systems for EV applications.
MLP-NARX Bitcoin Price Prediction Model Integrating System Identification Modelling Principles Farhan Nasarudin, Muhammad Nazrin; Yassin, Ihsan Mohd; Megat Ali, Megat Syahirul Amin; Adzhar Mahmood, Mohd Khairil; Baharom, Rahimi; Rizman, Zairi Ismael
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30630/joiv.6.2.943

Abstract

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that enables people to exchange value without requiring a third-party intermediary. Due to its many advantages, it has received much interest from institutional and individual investors. Despite its meteoric increase, the price of Bitcoin extremely volatile asset class as it purely relies on supply and demand. This presents an interesting opportunity to create a forecasting model. However, many research papers in this area does not analyse the residuals as part of the forecasting resulting in potentially biased models. In this paper, we demonstrate System Identification (SI) residual analysis techniques to the analysis of our forecasting model. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogeneous Inputs (NARX) uses historical price data and several technical indicators to predict the future price movements of Bitcoin. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to find optimal parameters for the model. The model was able to predict one day ahead price in the prediction test. The model has successfully captured the dynamics of the data through the tests performed on residuals. It is also proving the randomness of residuals, albeit some minor violations.
Ferrite-based magnetic shielding for efficiency enhancement in resonant inductive wireless power transfer systems Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp572-581

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed simulation-based investigation of ferrite-based magnetic shielding to enhance the efficiency and electromagnetic performance of resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIPT) systems, with a particular emphasis on electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging applications. Two system configurations, a baseline coil-only system and a ferrite-shielded system, were modelled and simulated using CST Studio Suite 3D electromagnetic simulation software under identical geometric and electrical conditions to ensure a fair comparative evaluation. Key performance metrics, including power transfer efficiency (PTE), H-field distribution, and magnetic flux confinement, were analyzed to quantify the shielding impact. The ferrite-shielded configuration achieved a PTE improvement from 98.29% to 99.01%, demonstrating stronger flux concentration, reduced leakage, and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI) exposure. Additional analyses highlight the trade-offs in ferrite integration, including potential core loss, material cost, and thermal drift, while also discussing the system’s robustness against coil misalignment and its alignment with SAE J2954 and IEC 61980 standards for EV charging. The study is limited to a simulation-based approach without experimental validation; however, the findings establish a solid foundation for future hardware prototyping and hybrid shielding exploration, integrating ferrite and composite or metamaterial-based structures. Overall, this work contributes to the development of efficient, EMI-compliant, and thermally stable WPT systems suitable for next-generation EV charging infrastructures.
Modeling and optimization of angular misalignment effects in resonant inductive wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging Muhamad, Samshul Munir; Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp394-404

Abstract

This paper presents an enhanced electromagnetic modeling and optimization study on the effects of angular misalignment in resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIWPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. A detailed 3D model of a double-layer circular coil was developed in CST Studio Suite to investigate coupling degradation, energy loss, and efficiency behavior under angular deviations ranging from 0° to 25°, at a fixed air gap of 30 mm. Performance metrics including mutual inductance, magnetic field distribution, power transfer efficiency (PTE), and loss characteristics were analyzed to establish quantitative misalignment correlations. Results indicate a steady reduction in PTE from 99.979% at 0° to 88.441% at 25°, accompanied by corresponding increases in field asymmetry and energy dissipation. To mitigate these losses, an impedance-tuning strategy was applied by jointly optimizing transmitter-side series and parallel compensation capacitors, which improved PTE at 5° misalignment from 98.777% to 99.801%, restoring near-resonant operation. Additional analyses evaluated thermal impact, material robustness, and dynamic misalignment effects, providing a more holistic understanding of real-world charging scenarios. The study further discusses real-time tuning feasibility using embedded controllers and aligns performance with SAE J2954 and IEC standards for EV wireless charging. The findings establish validated design guidelines and adaptive tuning frameworks for achieving high-efficiency, misalignment-tolerant RIWPT systems, contributing toward robust and energy-efficient EV charging infrastructure.
Impact of ferrite materials on wireless power transfer efficiency for electric vehicles battery chargers Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp361-372

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of ferrite materials on the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems designed for electric vehicle (EV) and E-bike battery chargers. The study employs 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations in CST Studio Suite 2024 to evaluate how Laird Performance Materials 33P2098-0M0 ferrite influences magnetic coupling, field confinement, and overall transfer efficiency. Two configurations were analyzed: coil-only and coil-with-ferrite plates, under a fixed 20 mm air gap and an operating range of 30–50 kHz. The inclusion of ferrite materials significantly improved magnetic-flux directivity and coupling strength, resulting in a peak efficiency of 99.21% at 41.3 kHz, compared to 99.09% at 38.1 kHz for the coil-only design. The enhanced configuration also reduced magnetic leakage and improved resonance stability, as verified through mesh-independent simulations and analytical validation with less than 2% error. The proposed model correlates ferrite permeability with mutual inductance and resonant-frequency tuning, confirming the theoretical basis of the efficiency gain. This work bridges a gap in small-scale EV and E-bike WPT research by quantifying the measurable benefits of ferrite integration and providing design guidelines for compact, thermally stable, and high-efficiency wireless charging systems.
Co-Authors Abdul Munim, Wan Noraishah Wan Abidin, Ahmad Farid Adzhar Mahmood, Mohd Khairil Ahmad, Ahmad Sukri Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Che, Hang Seng Farhan Nasarudin, Muhammad Nazrin Ghazali, Mohd Shukri Mohd Hannoon, Naeem M. S. Hashim, Norazlan Hayat, Muhammad Amirul Ashraf Zarrul Hayroman, Muhammad Hakiem Hidayat, Muhamad Nabil Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali Mohamad Elias, Mohamad Fathi Mohd Jamhari, Muhammad Khairul Azman Muhamad, Samshul Munir Muhammad, Khairul Safuan Munim, Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Nooradzianie Muhammad Zin Othman, Muhammad Murtadha Rahman, Nor Farahaida Abdul Rawi, Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad Rizman, Zairi Ismael Saidon, Wan Salha Wan Abdul Munim, Wan Noraishah Yassin, Ihsan Mohd Zainuri, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zolkiffly, Mohd Zaid