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All Journal Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Veritas et Justitia Undang: Jurnal Hukum Jurnal Konstitusi Mimbar Hukum Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia
Kabir, Syahrul Fauzul
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Bandung
Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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A Realistic Theory of Law (Book Review) Kabir, Syahrul Fauzul
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2019): State Regulations and Law Enforcement
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2019.006.02.09

Abstract

Despite the law has been developing through the span of the history of human civilization, law has been formulated by legal thinkers, theologians, philosophers; constructed with various pretexts and objectives: for legal certainty, utility, justice and order; used to regulate social life in various forms and dimensions: customary law, religious law, state law, international law, the formulation of legal theory, to date, is still an academic debate.            It is Brian Z. Tamanaha, a professor of law from America, who also entered the theoretical debate's arena through his academic works. In the contemporary legal discourse, Tamanaha is quite popular among academics and legal activists. Tamanaha is known globally due to his famous works, such as "A General Jurisprudence of Law and Society (2001)", which received Herbert Jacob Bookrize awards, and "On the Rule of Law: History, Politics and Theory (2004)", which have been translated into 6 languages. His position as an important legal thinker in the 21st century gained his legitimacy in 2013. Through a poll, which involved 300 deans and professors from various universities in America, Tamanaha was regarded as the most influential legal educator.            Tamanaha is often cited by many legal thinkers in Indonesia, among others, by Satjipto Rahardjo, especially regarding Tamanaha's concept known as the mirror thesis. Through this notion, Tamanaha argues that law is only a reflection of certain ideas, values, cultures and traditions of society. Because law is always particular, referring to certain societies in particular temporal circumstances, then, legal transplantation from and/or to other communities is not realistic if not impossible. His thinking, inevitably influenced by the Anglo Saxon legal tradition that grows and practiced in his homeland America, which tends to be more dynamic and reliant on jurisprudence.            On April 24, 2017, Cambridge University Press published Tamanaha's latest book entitled "A Realistic Theory of Law". Examining the composition of the book's contents: contained a debate regarding law's definition, the schools of law, genealogy of law, while questioning the truth and the universality of law, presumably implying that Tamanaha was constructing his own legal theory as reflected in the book's title ("Theory of Law"). Based on this description, the author is interested in exploring Tamanaha's legal thinking; outlining his opinions on the essence of law, through his newest book which numbered 202 pages.            The first part of the book discusses three most prominent theories or legal philosophies (Jurisprudence) in various legal discourses: The School of analytical law (legal positivism), philosophical/ethical (natural law) and historical (historical schools). Throughout history, from medieval times to renaissance, the conflict between these schools of jurisprudence was reviewed through its exponents thinkers. Then, Tamanaha entered the arena using the socio-legal framework's, in order to overcome the gap between these schools of law.            In the second chapter, Tamanaha reviews the classical debate on law, namely questioning the legal definition in a sub-title "what is law?". The three branch of jurisprudence, as mentioned previously, are joined to disscuss the problematic definition of law. Then, Tamanaha not only criticizes the proposed law definitions, elucidating the shortcomings and failures of established legal definitions, but also tries to reconstruct it.            Chapter three contains description with regard to the claim of law's universality. Here, Tamanaha critically discusses the basic assumptions of law and the implicit legal features from the mainstream law's perspective. Differentiation between laws as social construction, which varies in each society due to the variety of cultures, environments, etc. (a posteriori), is faced diametrically with the identification of idealized laws, which can be applied universally (a priori). The discussion raises a debate on the universality of the nature of law (universal truth); identification of legal characteristics, and the possibility of its implementation in a universal way.            Tamanaha, in the fourth part, uses genealogical approach of law; tracing the relationship between law and non-law elements, such as: economic, social, political, environmental, technological, cultural, in a diverse historical contexts. On the one hand, Tamanaha is concerned with historical developments related to legal structures; how law is formed and what elements have influenced law, by citing historians, sociologists, anthropologists viewpoint, etc. On the other hand, Tamanaha scrutinize analytical law's arguments, especially the positivist school; suing the basic assumptions of state law which has been hegemonic as the standard, in determining entity referred to as law.            The fifth part of the book is entitled "Law in the Age of Organizations". Tamanaha begins this chapter by claiming that legal theories have failed in calculating fundamental changes in law and society, which are marked by the rise of formal legal instruments. Tamanaha claims that his legal theory is more suited to modernity. Tamanaha distinguishes between law as the core regulation for social interaction and the use of law by the state. Furthermore Tamanaha explained how the interaction between the two categories affected the creation of legal structures in the community.            Before arriving at conclusions, Tamanaha ends the discussion in this book through the last part entitled "What is International Law". Tamanaha claims that international legal theories have a problem due to the confusions of concepts and ideological views constructed in international legal discourse. Conceptual barriers trigerred by Jeremy Bentham's theoretical paradigm in which he created a gap between domestic law and international law as separate entities. While ideological barriers stem from normative tendencies or commitments among international law experts in establishing a universal legal system; thus creating a false vision related to the locus of international law and its relation with national law. By outlining these confusion, Tamanaha believes he can provide a more comprehensive understanding of international law.
KRISIS DAN REFORMASI: PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DALAM PERJANJIAN INVESTASI BILATERAL DI NEGARA DUNIA KETIGA Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Mimbar Hukum Vol 33 No 2 (2021): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (383.458 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v33i2.3728

Abstract

Abstract The origin of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) is an attempt to eliminate political aspects (depoliticization) in resolving investment disputes. Previously, the settlement of investment disputes was carried out through State-State Dispute Settlement (SSDS) mechanism. The implementation of ISDS relatively marks the end of exhaustion of local remedies’s principle (ELR). As customary international law, the ELR principle requires foreign national whose rights are violated to take local remedies. This research used juridical-normative and comparative method. Based on the specifications, this research is descriptive-analytical. In response to ISDS’s problem, third world countries such as Indonesia, India, Brazil, and South Africa drafted new Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) model, specifically the ISDS clause. The ELR principle is adopted by India and South Africa. While Brazil and South Africa employ SSA mechanism, instead of ISA. Even India facilitates an appeal mechanism based on separate international agreement. Meanwhile, instead of reforming by applying the ELR principle, Indonesia has only strengthened alternative dispute resolution while also facilitating the ISA. Thus, Indonesia has not fully anticipated the ISDS legitimacy crisis and, therefore, has the potential to receive lawsuits from investors that could be detrimental, both to national regulations and state finance. Abstrak Latar belakang kemunculan ISDS adalah upaya penghilangan aspek politis (depolitisasi) dalam penyelesaian sengketa investasi. Sebelumnya, penyelesaian sengketa investasi ditempuh melalui mekanisme State-State Dispute Settlement (SSDS). Implementasi ISDS relatif menandai berakhinya prinsip exhaustion of local remedies/ELR. Sebagai hukum kebiasaan internasional, prinsip ELR mensyaratkan pihak asing yang hak-haknya dilanggar untuk menempuh peradilan lokal terlebih dahulu. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dan komparatif. Berdasarkan spesifikasinya, penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Merespon krisis ISDS, negara-negara dunia ketiga seperti Indonesia, India, Brazil dan Afrika Selatan menyusun model Perjanjian Investasi Bilateral (BIT), khususnya klausul ISDS baru. Prinsip ELR kembali digunakan oleh India dan Afrika Selatan, sementara Brazil dan Afrika Selatan menerapkan mekanisme SSA, alih-alih ISA. India bahkan membuka peluang bagi diterapkannya upaya banding berdasarkan perjanjian internasional secara terpisah. Sementara, alih-alih reformis dengan menerapkan prinsip ELR, Indonesia hanya memperkuat alternatif penyelesaian sengketa seraya tetap memfasilitasi ISA. Dengan demikian, Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mengantisipasi krisis legitimasi ISDS dan, karenanya, berpotensi menerima gugatan dari investor yang dapat merugikan, baik terhadap regulasi nasional maupun secara finansial.
Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Anak Perempuan yang Mengalami Female Genital Mutilations Al-Azmi Nur Fadhilah Syarip; Mohammad Husni Syam; Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsls.v3i1.5048

Abstract

Abstract. This research is motivated by violations of human rights against women related to inequality in reproductive health problems experienced by women, one of which is the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). This practice of FGM is very dangerous and can cause health problems to the point of triggering mental health, reducing or eliminating recognition, and enjoyment or execution of women. This study aims to understand how international human rights provide protection for girls who experience FGM and to understand the implementation of FGM practices in Indonesia and the UK. This study uses a normative juridical method, with bibliographical data or secondary data which includes primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results obtained are: (1) Special international agencies such as WHO and the CEDAW convention observe that the practice of female circumcision is a traditional practice that is dangerous and can affect women's health, therefore the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women issued General Recommendation no. 14: Female Circumcision in 1990 in an effort to protect women in the practice of FGM. And the Convention on the Rights of the Child which provides protection for children who experience FGM by providing recommendations to the state to eliminate traditional habits that harm children's health (2) The implementation of FGM practices in Indonesia is based on culture or religion while the implementation of FGM practices in England is carried out by someone who migrated to the UK and brought the FGM culture with them. Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap perempuan terkait adanya ketidaksetaraan masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang dialami oleh perempuan salah satunya praktik sunat perempuan/ Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Praktik FGM ini sangat berbahaya dan bisa menyebabkan masalah kesehatan hingga memicu kesehatan mental, mengurangi atau meniadakan pengakuan, dan penikmatan atau pelaksanaan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana hak asasi manusia internasional dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak perempuan yang mengalami FGM serta untuk memahami implementasi praktik FGM di Indoneia dan Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan data kepustakaan atau data sekunder yang mencakup bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni: (1) Badan-badan khusus internasional seperti WHO dan konvensi CEDAW mengamati bahwa praktik sunat perempuan merupakan praktik tradisional yang berbahaya serta dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan perempuan, maka dari itu Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Againts Women mengeluarkan General Recomendation no.14: Female Circumision in 1990 dalam upaya melindungi perempuan dalam praktik FGM. Dan Konvensi Hak Anak yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak yang mengalami FGM dengan memberi rekomendasi kepada negara untuk menghapuskan kebiasaan-kebiasaan tradisional yang merugikan kesehatan anak (2) Implementasi praktik FGM di Indonesia berdasar pada budaya atau agama sedangkan impelemntasi praktik FGM di Inggris dilakukan oleh seseorang yang bermigrasi ke negara Inggris dan membawa budaya FGM.
Implikasi Hukum Sengketa Indonesia dengan Uni Eropa dalam Kasus Larangan Ekspor Bijih Nikel Berdasarkan Hukum Perdagangan Internasional (GATT-WTO) Nisya Nursyabani; Irawati; Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsls.v3i1.5074

Abstract

Abstract. Through means of the decree prohibiting the export of nickel ore set forth in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 11 of 2019, which amends the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 25 of 2018 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining Business. Apparently, the European Union had an unfavorable reaction. The result has been a hot trading environment in the global nickel market as well as in Indonesia and the European Union. Naturally, this might lead to the European Union suing Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if Indonesia's export prohibition on nickel ore breaches GATT-WTO regulations, as well as to determine the legal foundation and implications of disputes. The research method used is a normative juridical approach by examining secondary data through literature studies and a qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of this study conclude that the actions of the Indonesian government are contrary to the provisions in Article XI: 1 GATT so that they lose the WTO lawsuit and the implications that arise are in the form of state responsibility in the sense of liability which means responsibility in the realm of law and is usually manifested in the form of civil responsibility, liability pay compensation. Then, non-legal implications that will hinder the rate of nickel downstream in the future. Abstrak. Melalui Keputusan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 yang merupakan perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 25 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pengusahaan Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Ternyata mendapat respon negatif dari Uni Eropa. Hal ini memunculkan panasnya pasar dagang Indonesia dan Uni Eropa, juga Pasar Nikel Global. Tentunya hal ini memunculkan implikasi terhadap Indonesia yang digugat oleh Uni Eropa. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah larangan ekspor bijih nikel yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia melanggar ketentuan dalam kerangka Hukum Perdagangan Internasional (GATT-WTO) dan untuk mengetahui dasar hukum dan implikasi dari adanya sengketa ini. Adapun metode penelitian yang dipakai menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan meneliti data sekunder melauo studi kepustakaan dan metode analisis menggunakan yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tindakan pemerintah Indonesia bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal XI:1 GATT sehingga kalah dalam gugatan WTO dan implikasi yang ditimbulkan berupa tanggung jawab negara dalam arti liability yang berarti tanggung jawab dalam ranah hukum dan biasanya diwujudkan dalam bentuk tanggung jawab keperdataan, kewajiban membayar ganti. Kemudian, implikasi non hukum yang akan menghambat laju hilirisasi nikel kedepan.
Krisis dan Reformasi: Hak untuk Mengatur dalam Perjanjian Investasi Bilateral di Negara Dunia Ketiga Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Undang: Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/ujh.6.1.151-187

Abstract

In international law, the right to regulate has historically been known but it has a different significance in international investment law. In the context of the crisis of the investment law regime, the right to regulate emerged as one of the norms reforming the substantive rules of BITs. This will be understood by reviewing its theoretical position in international law, and its interpretation by tribunals, while comparing its formulations in the third worlds (Indonesia, India, Brazil, South Africa). While in international law the right to regulate refers to the sovereign right of state, in investment law it is an exception to the performance of BIT obligations that do not give rise to state responsibility. In the preambule of the BIT, Indonesia, India and Brazil reaffirm the concept of the right to regulate as an interpretive tool in interpreting the objects and purposes of the BIT. As a stand-alone article, the concept of the right to regulate is reassured albeit in a different way, by Indonesia and South Africa. This is accompanied by enforcing general exceptions and security exceptions. While the former is applied by Indonesia and India, the latter is applied by the third worlds (except South Africa). Abstrak Dalam hukum internasional, hak untuk mengatur (the right to regulate) secara historis telah dikenal lama namun menemukan signifikansi yang berbeda dalam rezim hukum investasi internasional. Dalam konteks krisis rezim hukum investasi, konsep hak untuk mengatur muncul sebagai salah satu norma yang mereformasi aturan substantif BIT. Hal ini akan coba dipahami dengan meninjau kedudukan teoretiknya dalam hukum internasional, dan penafsirannya oleh tribunal dalam praktiknya, seraya melihat perbandingan rumusannya di negara dunia ketiga (Indonesia, India, Brazil, Afrika Selatan). Sementara dalam hukum internasional rujukan dari hak untuk mengatur adalah kedaulatan negara, dalam hukum investasi ia merupakan pengecualian bagi pelaksanaan kewajiban dalam perjanjian investasi yang tak menimbulkan tanggung jawab negara. Di bagian preambule BIT, Indonesia, India dan Brazil menegaskan kembali konsep hak untuk mengatur sebagai alat interpretatif dalam menafsir objek dan tujuan BIT. Sebagai pasal yang berdiri sendiri, konsep hak untuk mengatur kembali dikukuhkan meski dengan kandungan makna berbeda oleh Indonesia dan Afrika Selatan. Hal ini dilengkapi dengan memberlakukan pengecualian umum dan pengecualian keamanan. Sementara yang pertama diterapkan oleh Indonesia dan India, yang disebut terakhir diterapkan oleh negara dunia ketiga (kecuali Afrika Selatan).
KEJAHATAN DAN HUKUMAN: TANTANGAN FILOSOFIS DETERMINISME-KAUSAL TERHADAP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN Kabir, Syahrul Fauzul
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The existence of free will is required to legitimize criminal responsibility both legally and morally. Criminal responsibility, which was constructed through the concepts of actus reus and mens rea (cartesian-dualism) has been questioned by causal-determinism. As through these concepts moral responsibility and criminal practices, philosophically, are legitimized. Determinism, as a comprehensive worldview, closes the possibility of free will's existence. Contemporary science's findings in the fields of genetics, psychology, and neuroscience are increasingly verifying the determinism's thesis, rather than falsifying it. The law's concept embraces folk-psychology in which every actions are weighed ethically even by those who believe in causal-determinism. The concept of responsibility and punishment is the social practice required by society for the sake of order, utility and legal certainty. The objective of punishment is not only based on the retributive justice's concept, but also hold the utility principle that is consequentialist; Punishment creates deterrent effect and order.
KRISIS DAN REFORMASI: EKSPROPRIASI DALAM PERJANJIAN INVESTASI BILATERAL DI NEGARA DUNIA KETIGA Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v9i2.6249

Abstract

Since its inception, expropriation has always been controversial. In the present time, amidst the crisis and reform of bilateral investment treaties (BIT), expropriation has become increasingly complex in theory and practice. Theoretically, for instance, there is no clear boundary between expropriation that requires compensation, and the right to regulate similar to expropriation but does not require compensation. This situation becomes more complicated due to the problem of inconsistency and incoherence of arbitral awards. Therefore, it is important to understand how the concept of expropriation is understood by experts and interpreted by the arbitration tribunal; while also comparing how the global south use that concept within their BITs (in this case, India, Brazil, South Africa) to find best-practices. The method used in this research is juridical-normative and comparative. Amidst the BIT’s crisis particularly regarding expropriation, the global south has made various attempts to reform its BIT model. Exceptions forexpropriation are included within the right to regulate. Expropriation and the right to regulate indeed have similar legal requirements (i.e.: pursuance of a public interest, non-discriminatory manner, due process of law) yet different legal effect regardingthe payment of compensation as another condition for expropriation vis-à-vis the absence of compensation inthe right to regulate. In general, taking into account the respective adjustments, the global south is relatively balancing the investment interest vis-a-vis public interest by modernizing the concept of expropriation in their BITs.
The SISTEM PRESIDENSIL DAN KEBANGKITAN NEO-OTORITARIANISME: KEGAGALAN REFORMASI KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA? Dramanda, Wicaksana; Kabir, Syahrul Fauzul; Zakiran, Asep Hakim
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol. 21 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31078/jk2131

Abstract

Artikel ini mencoba mengidentifikasi bagaimana peran desain sistem pemerintahan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pembusukan demokrasi dan kebangkitan otoritariansme di Indonesia.Terdapat dua identifikasi masalah yang akan coba dijawab, yakni Pertama, apakah desain sistem presidensil di dalam UUD 1945 memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemerosotan demokrasi dan kebangkitan otoritarianisme? Kedua, bagaimana aktor politik memanfaatkan celah di dalam sistem presidensil, untuk melemahkan demokrasi dan membangkitkan otoritarianisme? Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, yang memadukan pendekatan doktriner dengan pendekatan empiris. Artikel ini berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa desain sistem presidensil di dalam UUD 1945 pasca perubahan, gagal mencegah otoritarianisme untuk bangkit, akibat lemahnya pembatasan kekuasan presiden di level politik formal yang mengakibatkan pemusatan kekuasaan di tangan presiden. Di level informal, UUD 1945 gagal menghadirkan partai politik sebagai salah satu pranata demokrasi yang demokratis. Artikel ini juga berhasil mengidentifikasi penggunaan instrumen hukum untuk melemahkan demokrasi yang sekaligus memicu kebangkitan otoritarianisme oleh para aktor politik.
the Analisis terhadap Prosesrecovery Asset di Indonesia berdasarkan United Nation Convention Against Corruption (Uncac) Tahun 2003: recovery asset Muhammad Wildan Rekssaputra; Syahrul Fauzul Kabir
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsls.v4i1.9915

Abstract

Abstrak. Masalah korupsi di Indonesia, termasuk pencucian uang dan tindak pidana pencucian uang, menjadi semakin kompleks. Indonesia telah meratifikasi Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Anti Korupsi (UNCAC) 2003 kedalam peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2006 tentang Ratifikasi Uinted Nation Convention Againts Corruption untuk memerangi korupsi. Indonesia juga telah menerapkan berbagai langkah untuk memerangi korupsi, termasuk pembentukan Aset Pemulihan dan penerapan sistem Bantuan Hukum Timbal Balik (Mutual Legal Assistance/MLA). Namun, implementasi langkah-langkah ini telah dikritik karena menyebabkan masalah seperti kurangnya konsistensi dalam sistem hukum dan kurangnya transparansi dalam proses pemulihan juga lambannya proses penanganan recovery asset yang terjadi indonesia. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana indoensia menerapkan serta mengkonsep proses recovery asset atau pemulihan asset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang dilarikan keluar negeri dan untuk mengetahui apakah proses hyang dilakukan Indonesia dalam upaya recovery asset sudah sesuai dnegan prosedur yang diterapkan oleh UNCAC 2003. Adapun metode penelitian yang dipakai menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan meneliti data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dengan spesifikasi penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dan metode analisis menggunakan yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tindakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam proses recovery asset dianggap tidak sesuai dengan prosedur yang diterapkan oleh UNCAC seperti tidak aktifnya pemerintah dalam proses pelacakan asset korupsi diluar negeri hingga lamanya proses permohonan MLA atau Mutual Legal Assistance yang dilakukan pemerintah indoensia sebagai negara pemohon. Abstract. The problem of corruption in Indonesia, including money laundering and money laundering offences, is becoming increasingly complex. Indonesia has ratified the 2003 United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) into legislation, namely Law Number 7 of 2006 on the Ratification of the Uinted Nation Convention Against Corruption to combat corruption. Indonesia has also implemented various measures to combat corruption, including the establishment of Recovery Assets and the implementation of the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) system. However, the implementation of these measures has been criticised for causing problems such as a lack of consistency in the legal system and a lack of transparency in the recovery process as well as the slow process of handling asset recovery in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to find out how Indonesia implements and conceptualises the process of asset recovery or the recovery of assets from corruption crimes that are fled abroad and to find out whether the process carried out by Indonesia in asset recovery efforts is in accordance with the procedures applied by UNCAC 2003. The research method used uses a normative juridical approach by examining secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials with research specifications using descriptive analysis. The data collection technique used in this research is literature study and the analysis method uses qualitative juridical. The results of this study conclude that the actions of the Indonesian government in the asset recovery process are considered not in accordance with the procedures applied by UNCAC such as the inactivity of the government in the process of tracking corruption assets abroad to the length of the MLA or Mutual Legal Assistance application process carried out by the Indonesian government as the applicant country.
Krisis dan Reformasi: Definisi Investasi dalam Perjanjian Investasi Bilateral di Negara Dunia Ketiga Kabir, Syahrul Fauzul
Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia Vol 10, No 1 (2024): Published Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Suryakancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35194/jhmj.v10i1.4131

Abstract

AbstrakPendefinisian investasi memicu krisis dalam rezim hukum investasi internasional, mendorong negara dunia ketiga seperti Indonesia, India, Brazil, dan Afrika Selatan untuk mereformasi definisi investasi dalam IIA/BIT mereka. Analisis data sekunder, termasuk Model BIT dan putusan pengadilan, menunjukkan pergeseran dari definisi investasi berbasis aset yang longgar ke model yang lebih terbatas. Indonesia mereformasi lewat Indonesia-Singapore BIT 2018, dan Brazil dengan ACFI 2015, yang memodifikasi definisi investasi berbasis aset dengan pembatasan tertentu. India lebih reformis dengan India Model BIT 2016, mengadopsi definisi investasi berbasis perusahaan. Afrika Selatan menghentikan proyek IIA dan hanya mengandalkan Protection of Investment Act 22 of 2015 dalam hukum nasional, memadukan kedua model definisi investasi. Indonesia menghadapi masalah hukum dalam harmonisasi antara IIA dan hukum nasional, karena UUPM mewajibkan definisi investasi berbasis perusahaan. AbstractThe definition of investment triggered a crisis in the international investment law regime, prompting third-world countries such as Indonesia, India, Brazil, and South Africa to reform the definition of investment in their IIAs/BITs. Analysis of secondary data, including Model BITs and court decisions, shows a shift from a loose asset-based definition of investment to a more restrictive model. Indonesia reformed with the Indonesia-Singapore BIT 2018, and Brazil with the ACFI 2015, which modified the asset-based definition of investment with certain restrictions. India was more reformist with the India Model BIT 2016, adopting a company-based definition of investment. South Africa discontinued the IIA project and relies solely on the Protection of Investment Act 22 of 2015 in national law, blending both models of investment definition. Indonesia faces legal issues in harmonisation between IIAs and national law, as the UUPM requires a company-based definition of investment. 
Co-Authors Al-Azmi Nur Fadhilah Syarip Irawati Mohammad Husni Syam Muhammad Wildan Rekssaputra Nisya Nursyabani Wicaksana Dramanda Zakiran, Asep Hakim