Acob, Joel Rey Ugsang
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The Determinant Factors of Patient Satisfaction among Outpatient and Inpatient Services in A Type B Hospital in Indonesia Suhita, Byba Melda; Fajriah, Asruria Sani; Acob, Joel Rey Ugsang
Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman Vol 18 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (JKS)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jks.2023.18.1.7280

Abstract

Healthcare providers have made various efforts to increase patient and community satisfaction with health services. However, large sample size studies have not been conducted to investigate the determinants of community stratification in Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze determinant factors affecting patient satisfaction in a type B hospital. A cross-sectional with an online survey was used and analyzed with path analysis. A total of 884 participants were recruited with the criteria that all respondents were patients aged 17 years and over who visited the inpatient and outpatient hospital. Overall, the value service satisfaction was very good (scored 87.44 score). Moreover, online service directly increased by age (b = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.08 to 1.27; p = 0.026), gender (b = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.15 up to 1.49; p = 0.016), and education level (b = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.86 to 2.66; p <0.001). Moreover, service costs are directly affected by employment (b = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.26; p = 0.023); and product-specific services were directly affected by age (b = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.29; p = 0.008). These findings suggest that education, gender, and age directly affect online services as an indicator of satisfaction.
Peran Strategis Uji T Hotelling dalam Analisis Multivariat Penelitian Kesehatan Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito; Acob, Joel Rey Ugsang
2-TRIK: TUNAS-TUNAS RISET KESEHATAN Vol 15, No 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember 2025
Publisher : FORUM ILMIAH KESEHATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/2trik15403

Abstract

Health research often measures multiple physiological and clinical indicators simultaneously, such as blood pressure, glucose levels, body mass index, and lipid profiles, which are statistically correlated. In such situations, using a conventional t-test separately for each variable can increase the risk of type I errors and result in partial interpretations. Therefore, a multivariate statistical approach capable of handling complex data simultaneously and considering the relationships between variables is necessary. The purpose of this commentary article is to explain the basic concepts and working principles of the Hotelling t-test, outline its advantages in the context of health research, and provide practical examples and a critical analysis of the challenges of its application. The Hotelling t-test is a generalization of the Student t-test for multivariate cases, allowing researchers to compare the means of two groups based on more than one correlated dependent variable. By considering the covariance structure between variables, this test provides more comprehensive results and maintains statistical validity. This article discusses the advantages of the Hotelling t-test in reducing the risk of type I errors, capturing interactions between health indicators, and supporting analysis in clinical studies, epidemiology, and health program evaluation. Furthermore, important assumptions that must be met, such as multivariate normal distribution and homogeneity of the covariance matrix, are discussed, as well as challenges in interpreting the results that require further analysis. In conclusion, the Hotelling T-test is a highly relevant and strategic analytical tool in multivariate data-driven health research. Understanding and skills in using this test need to be improved through integration into research methodology curricula to support more accurate and evidence-based decision-making.Keywords: Hotelling T-test; multivariate analysis; health research ABSTRAK Riset kesehatan sering mengukur berbagai indikator fisiologis dan klinis secara simultan, seperti tekanan darah, kadar glukosa, indeks massa tubuh, dan profil lipid, yang saling berkorelasi secara statistik. Dalam situasi seperti ini, penggunaan uji t konvensional secara terpisah untuk tiap variabel dapat meningkatkan risiko kesalahan tipe I dan menghasilkan interpretasi yang parsial. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan statistik multivariat yang mampu menangani data kompleks secara simultan dan mempertimbangkan hubungan antar variabel. Tujuan dari artikel komentar ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konsep dasar dan prinsip kerja uji T Hotelling, menguraikan keunggulannya dalam konteks penelitian kesehatan, serta memberikan contoh aplikatif dan analisis kritis terhadap tantangan penerapannya. Uji T Hotelling merupakan generalisasi dari uji t Student untuk kasus multivariat, yang memungkinkan peneliti membandingkan rata-rata dua kelompok berdasarkan lebih dari satu variabel dependen yang saling berkorelasi. Dengan mempertimbangkan struktur kovarians antar variabel, uji ini memberikan hasil yang lebih komprehensif dan menjaga validitas statistik. Artikel ini membahas keunggulan uji T Hotelling dalam mengurangi risiko kesalahan tipe I, menangkap interaksi antar indikator kesehatan, dan mendukung analisis dalam studi klinis, epidemiologi, serta evaluasi program kesehatan. Selain itu, dibahas pula asumsi-asumsi penting yang harus dipenuhi, seperti distribusi normal multivariat dan homogenitas matriks kovarians, serta tantangan interpretasi hasil yang memerlukan analisis lanjutan. Sebagai kesimpulan, uji T Hotelling merupakan alat analisis yang sangat relevan dan strategis dalam penelitian kesehatan berbasis data multivariat. Pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan uji ini perlu ditingkatkan melalui integrasi dalam kurikulum metodologi penelitian, agar dapat mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih akurat dan berbasis bukti.Kata kunci: uji T Hotelling; analisis multivariat; penelitian kesehatan
Five Cs as reflective learning attitude among Philippines nursing students Acob, Joel Rey Ugsang; Setiya Dewi, Yulis; Arifin, Hidayat
Jurnal Ners Vol. 17 No. 2 (2022): OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jn.v17i2.34113

Abstract

Introduction: Philosophical viewpoints from the first-hand source regarded as the best inception of COVID-19 knowledge are not widely explored. Humanity's understanding grounded on experiences becomes substantial only when stringent documentation of any events is performed carefully. COVID-19 as a phenomenon and as an ongoing struggle has myriad global impacts; hence the study aims to explore the understanding of nursing students' stances regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in their daily life. Methods: The study used a qualitative study design with online survey. A total of 41 nursing students were recruited through total sampling technique. The study was conducted to students in a university in the Philippines. Interview guidelines used open questions and were spread online. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The thematic analysis revealed five organizing themes, such as communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change. Those themes were found among nursing students' stance regarding the COVID-19 phenomenon. Conclusions: The communication, commitment, care, collaboration, and change as development of a crisis-induced framework from study findings satisfies the essential finding that the pandemic is likewise giving rise to a new normal. Moreover, the results assist nursing students and other health-inspired domains to effectively maintain positivity amidst catastrophic climates.