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Journal : Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings

Marine Biotoxins in shellfish: Brevetoxin (A Review) Muhammad Alfid Kurnianto; Rahmawati Rahmawati
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 3rd International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2022.2740

Abstract

Molluscan shellfish can accumulate natural poison produced by marine algae, one of which is brevetoxin (BTx). BTx is a toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates of the Karenia genus, especially Karenia brevis, which has the characteristics of being fat-soluble, lipophilic, colorless, tasteless, and very heat stable. Based on the backbone structure, BTx is classified into BTx-1 and BTx-2. BTx-2 is the most common type of toxin produced by K. brevis. BTx was synthesized from a polyketide synthase pathway that could potentially incorporate larger carbon units of acetate modified by the citric acid cycle. BTx poisoning causes neurologic shellfish syndrome (NSP), which is characterized by major symptoms in the neurological and gastrointestinal systems. NSP is due to the high affinity of BTx in binding to receptors on the cell wall, namely voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). Based on the food safety risks posed, monitoring programs to detect the growth of harmful algae and the presence of brevetoxin in food should be implemented. Several detection methods have been developed, such as mouse bioassay, cytotoxicity assay, receptor binding assay, immunoassay and LC-MS/MS.
Production of Fish-Bioactive Peptides by Conventional & Emerging Technologies: A Review Muhammad Alfid Kurnianto; Salma Shafrina Aulia
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3622

Abstract

Fish is a type of food that is perishable. High production and perishable characteristics cause fish commodities to be immediately given storage or processing treatment so that they do not decrease in quality. The processing of fishery commodities has focused on producing foods with health effects for humans, such as functional foods, functional ingredients, and nutraceuticals. The health effects are caused by the content of bioactive compounds, one of which is bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides are fragments from hydrolysis and have several biological functionalities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Generally, bioactive peptides can be produced from substrates such as foods with high protein content using enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation technologies. However, these methods result in low peptide yields. Several emerging technologies have been applied in producing bioactive peptides, such as Ultrasound-Assisted Processing, Microwave-Assisted Processing, High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing, and Pulsed-Electric Field Processing. The application of emerging technologies is expected to produce peptides with high yield, fast, and low cost.