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ANALYSIS OF COCONUT FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH HOT PRESS TECHNIQUES Darmanto, Seno; Nugroho, Alvin Dio; Fathurrohman , Nur Kholis; Saputra , Imam; Kusni, Muhammad; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i1.1452

Natural fibre waste is a material with high material resistance, including fibres derived from coconut fruit. Coconut fruit waste is frequently underutilised and can contribute to environmental pollution if not handled correctly. This study's objective is to convert waste from coconuts into fibres, incorporate them into composite mixtures, and produce robust materials. Using coconut fibre presents a significant advantage in that it is easily biodegradable, reducing environmental pollution. The aim of this research is to produce a composite board material using HDPE plastic and coconut fibre, which is resistant to corrosion, through the hot felting method. This method of producing composite materials results in minimal voids and high material density, effectively reducing the chances of material failure. The composite specimens were subjected to testing following the ASTM D 638-01 standard. Technical abbreviations used throughout the text will be explained upon first use. The study achieved an excellent average tensile strength, strain, and elastic modulus of 22.45 MPa, 7.15%, and 5.13 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of composite materials using coconut coir fibre combined with HDPE plastic through the hot felting method resulted in high material strength, corrosion resistance, and reprocessability.

THE UTILIZATION OF GEOTHERMAL SILICA WASTE IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WITH STEREOLITHOGRAPHY RESIN FOR DETAILED PROTOTYPING PROCESS Tanbar, Fefria; Darmawan, Muhammad Rakhadzaky Indra; Wibisono, Muhammad Maheswara; Ariyadi, Hifni Muchtar; Nugraha, Ariyana Dwiputra; Wiranata, Ardi; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/MECHTA.2025.006.02.5

Silica deposit powder from geothermal waste often becomes material waste that difficult to utilize and re-use. The characterization of silica deposit powder has a significant part in understanding its structure, composition, and potential application. Using silica as a filler system in additive manufacturing is one of the processes that can utilize silica deposit powder. This material has the potential to be used to create prototype product with stereolithography resin for 3D printing. The present study discusses the ability to mix specimens of silica (size 600 microns) and resin with a composition ratio of 1:100. The turbidity test revealed that the specimen mixed in the resin contents showing after 30- and 40-minutes examination from spectrophotometer. In the hardness test, by adding filler materials, it is shown that the filler decreased the hardness more than 46%. This research also successfully examines the most effective particle sizes to the length of time required for the mixing and curing processes in order to obtain the most optimal results.

Fabrication of Synthetic Lumbar Vertebrae by a Combination of FDM 3D-Printing and PU Foam Casting from Two Injection Techniques for Surgical Training Triawan, Farid; Khoiriyah, Nisa; Asriyanti, A.; Utomo, Muhammad Satrio; Saptaji, Kushendarsyah; Fernandez, Nikolas Krisma Hadi; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials Vol 5, No 1 (2026): AJSEM: Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2026
Publisher : Bumi Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aims to introduce a rapid and precise fabrication technique of lumbar vertebrae model that mimics the cortical and cancellous parts of the bone using polylactic acid (PLA) and polyurethane (PU) foam, respectively. An FDM 3D-printing using PLA filament was utilized to fabricate the cortical part, then PU foam was molded into the printed cortical to form the cancellous part. The fabricated model was examined by comparing its dimensions with the stereolithography (STL) model. Sequentially, density measurement, compressive test, and microstructure observation were performed to evaluate the specimen characteristics. The results showed that the dimensions of the vertebrae model agreed well with the STL model, with a discrepancy of less than 4%. The fabricated PU samples exhibited a density in the range of 476–557 kg/m³, elastic moduli of 3.99–7.17 MPa, and a pore size of 136.66–179.80 µm, which are lower than the properties of human bone. Despite that, the PU samples maintain their compressive strength of 0.329–0.589 MPa, which is within the range of cancellous human bone.

WHY NOTCH GEOMETRY MATTERS FOR STRUCTURAL AND AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS: A NUMERICAL SIMULATION Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin; Putro, Ardi Jati Nugroho; Chua, Alvin Y.; Santos, Gil Nonato C.
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v16i2.2095

In structural and automotive systems, notches—whether from manufacturing defects or in-service damage—often act as critical stress concentrators that compromise component integrity. This study provides a comprehensive simulation-based assessment of how different notch geometries affect the mechanical behavior of cold-rolled SPCC steel under tensile loading. Seven U-shaped notch variants were modeled according to ASTM E8M standards and evaluated using finite element analysis to determine von Mises stress, safety factor, and displacement patterns across five key regions. The findings reveal a clear correlation between notch diameter and failure risk: specimens with smaller notches (≤1 mm) exhibited von Mises stress exceeding 700 MPa and safety factors as low as 0.32, indicating early failure potential, whereas larger notches (≥6 mm) maintained stress levels below 250 MPa and safety factors above 1.0. This research offers practical design insights for engineers working with SPCC in automotive brackets, chassis, and thin-walled enclosures—highlighting the importance of avoiding sharp or undersized notches. The results support safer, more efficient design practices by providing predictive benchmarks and visual references that can aid in optimizing structural performance during early-stage development or finite element validation.

The Effect of TiO2-SiO2 Nanocomposite as a Filler on the Self-Cleaning Properties of Material Budi Utomo, Rohadi Satrio; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin; Mukhtar Ariyadi, Hifni
J-Proteksion: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah dan Teknologi Teknik Mesin Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): J-Proteksion
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32528/jp.v8i2.1575

Implementation of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposites has been a primary focus in the development of innovative materials. This research explores the potential application of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite as a filler in coating blends and 3D SLA resin. Achieving optimal self-cleaning properties is the main objective, considering the importance of a material's ability to cleanse itself from external dirt. The study employs the contact angle goniometer test to evaluate the hydrophobic properties of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite. The results indicate that samples containing TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite as a filler exhibit a significant improvement in self-cleaning properties compared to control samples, as demonstrated by an increased contact angle between water and the sample material. This opens up opportunities for other applications, including efficient anti-corrosion coatings and 3D printing resin materials with self-cleaning properties, facilitating maintenance and enhancing the quality and durability of materials across various industrial sectors.

OPTIMASI MULTIOBJEKTIF PARAMETER PROSES 3D PRINTER JENIS FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING MENGGUNAKAN GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS-TAGUCHI Shanaswara , Adhira Azhari; Aditya, Muhammad Randi Nur; Rashyid, Muhammad Ibnu; Herianto, Herianto; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 14 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v14i3.1253

The development of fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer models is increasing where the applications can be found in several aspects such as rapid prototyping, functionally components, and parts for assembly process. These conditions required excellent printing quality. One of the factors that affect the printing quality was process parameter setting. There are several parameters process that are used in 3D printing. Hence, the use of these parameters that recommended by manufacturer often give the average results, not the best results. The recent study purposes are to gain optimal setting that give accuracy in the dimension and suitable surface condition. There are 12 factors with 3 different levels. The study used Taguchi method L-27 and grey relational analysis (GRA) to determine the most efficient combinations that can fulfill multi-objective. The results showed that to acquire the accuracy and total dimension, the following combination are used; LH0,075mm, LW0,45mm, IPLines, WT0,8mm, PT205C, FR85%, RD6,5mm, RS30mm/s, PS30mm/s, OWS15mm/s2, PA10mm/s2, and PJ10mm/s where wall thickness (WT); flow rate (FR); and retraction distance (RD) used as 3 essential factors that can influence the respond of the machine. The best surface roughness gathered with the combination as follow; LH0,075mm, LW0,35mm, IPGrid, WT0,8mm, PT200C, FR95%, RD2mm, RS30mm/s, PS70mm/s, OWS25mm/s, PA3000mm/s2, dan PJ30mm/s where the layer height (LH) was the essential factor that affect the machine respond. The accuracy of the dimension and the most optimum surface roughness can be acquired by the following combinations: LH0,075mm, LW0,35mm, IPGrid, WT0,8mm, PT205C, FR95%, RD4,5mm, RS30mm/s, PS70 m/s, OWS15 mm/s, PA3000 mm/s2, dan PJ10mm/s.

A RECENT REVIEW ON THE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF BOILER TUBE Utomo, Faris Fadhil; Rashyid, Muhammad Ibnu; Nugraha, Ariyana Dwiputra; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1392

The failure analysis in the industrial systems i.e. power plan, oil, and gas companies, has been reported by many researchers. One of the most reported has occurred in the Boiler system. Among the components of the boiler, problems, and failures often took place in the tube. The purposes of the recent study are to describe, classify, and review the latest update of the failure behavior of the boiler tube. The failure was formed by overheating, creep, stress corrosion, cracking, erosion, oxidation, and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The current works are listed based on the methods used to identify the failures, failure observations, and case studies updated from the boiler tube failure condition. The research suggests that to replace the failure tubes, analysis related to the stress induced outside and inside the tube, environment conditions, and lifetime maintenance works need to be considered.

ANALYSIS OF COCONUT FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH HOT PRESS TECHNIQUES Darmanto, Seno; Nugroho, Alvin Dio; Fathurrohman , Nur Kholis; Saputra , Imam; Kusni, Muhammad; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i1.1452

Natural fibre waste is a material with high material resistance, including fibres derived from coconut fruit. Coconut fruit waste is frequently underutilised and can contribute to environmental pollution if not handled correctly. This study's objective is to convert waste from coconuts into fibres, incorporate them into composite mixtures, and produce robust materials. Using coconut fibre presents a significant advantage in that it is easily biodegradable, reducing environmental pollution. The aim of this research is to produce a composite board material using HDPE plastic and coconut fibre, which is resistant to corrosion, through the hot felting method. This method of producing composite materials results in minimal voids and high material density, effectively reducing the chances of material failure. The composite specimens were subjected to testing following the ASTM D 638-01 standard. Technical abbreviations used throughout the text will be explained upon first use. The study achieved an excellent average tensile strength, strain, and elastic modulus of 22.45 MPa, 7.15%, and 5.13 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of composite materials using coconut coir fibre combined with HDPE plastic through the hot felting method resulted in high material strength, corrosion resistance, and reprocessability.

Effect of Environmental Moisture on Surface Roughness of FDM and SLA Fabricated Components Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmpm.v9i1.27238

This study aims to analyze the surface characteristics and moisture contents of three different 3D printed materials, namely Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament, bio-based resin, and standard translucent resin, produced using two distinct manufacturing processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) for filament materials and Stereolithography (SLA) for resin material. The moisture content was measured using a Moisture Analyzer, and surface characteristics were examined by capturing images through a digital microscope. The results of the moisture content measurement indicated that all three materials exhibited hydrophobic properties with low water content under similar treatments. Among the materials, bio-based resin demonstrated the highest moisture content of 1.53%, followed by translucent resin with 1.26%, and PLA filament with 1.11%. Furthermore, a correlation between applied temperature and moisture content was observed, with translucent resin showing the most stable results, consistently increasing with higher temperatures. In contrast, bio-based resin and PLA filament exhibited unstable behaviours. Surface observation using surface roughness and the digital microscope revealed distinct patterns for the two manufacturing processes. For resin specimens, defects on the surface were evident at lower temperatures and increased with rising temperature. In contrast, PLA filament demonstrated a different surface change pattern, characterized by material melting, leading to a smoother surface. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the surface characteristics and moisture content of 3D printed materials produced through different manufacturing processes. The findings highlight the importance of material selection and processing parameters in achieving desired material properties for various applications in 3D printing.

A Flexural Behavior of Full-Scale RC Beam Strengthened Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer: Experimental Research Putri, Oktalia Wuranti; Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Siswosukarto, Suprapto; Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin; Nor, Noorsuhada Md; Muslikh
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 12 No. 2 (May 2026)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.22499

Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures, though strong and economical, may need to be strengthened due to increased load demand for upgraded room functions. Strengthening an RC beam element with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) offers flexural strength enhancement, corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency. However, the study that considers the full-scale dimension of a beam strengthened with GFRP is still limited. Therefore, more studies on the flexural strength enhancement of RC beams with GFRP need to be conducted. This research investigated the flexural performance of full-scale RC beams strengthened with externally bonded GFRP. This study involved testing five beam specimens, each with a different number of GFRP layers attached to the outermost tensile zone of the cross-section. Flexural testing was conducted using a four-point bending setup with a loading–unloading scheme to capture the specimens’ elastoplastic behavior, considering recovery during unloading. The analyzed parameters included stiffness, yield strength, debonding strength, ultimate strength, and ductility. Furthermore, the flexural strength was predicted through analytical calculations based on the fiber section method, while the shear strength was estimated following the ACI 318M-14 code. The experimental results showed that GFRP strengthening considerably increased stiffness and first flexural strength of RC beams as a proportion of the number of layers during the pre-debonding state. Despite the debonding occurrence initiating a temporary lapse in the role of GFRP at 0.67% to 0.93% of displacement-span-ratio, it decreased the flexural resistance momentarily. Then, the strengthened beams with two-to-four-layer GFRP still exhibited second ultimate flexural strength enhancement within the range 14.35% to 39.22%. Furthermore, GFRP strengthening generally preserved beam ductility at the second ultimate flexural strength due to the catenary action from debonded GFRP in the plastic hinge zone. Thus, additional GFRP for strengthening RC beams could be effective in the case of a positive bending moment to enhance the stiffness, strength, and ductility

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