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Maternal Anemia in the Third Trimester and Related Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: Results from a Study in Jember Regency Kusumawardani, Devi Arine; Purnama, Farhan Dwi; Ramani, Andrei
Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 9 No 1 (January 2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/woh.vi.1606

Abstract

Anemia in pregnant women is at risk of becoming one of the causes of poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Specific interventions to increase hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women may significantly influence maternal and fetal outcomes. Jember Regency is one area in East Java Province that is prioritized for reducing cases of poor maternal and fetal outcomes. This quantitative, analytical, and observational study used a cross-sectional design. The study population comprised third-trimester pregnant women from January to December 2022 in the Arjasa Health Center's working area, totaling 550 women. The sample size calculation yielded a sample of 115 third-trimester pregnant women by simple random sampling. The analysis test used in this study was the contingency coefficient test. Data collection used secondary data from the maternal and child health clinic register book, the pregnant women's cohort book, and the Arjasa Health Center laboratory examination book for 2022. The study results showed that the majority of respondents did not have a history of anemia, and those who did mostly had mild anemia (42.6%). The study revealed a correlation between anemia history in third-trimester pregnant women and maternal outcomes (p-value = 0.005, C = 0.291), categorized as a weak correlation, and low birth weight (p-value = 0.015, C = 0.220), also categorized as a weak correlation. The analysis of the history of anemia incidents in third-trimester pregnant women with the age of delivery and infant mortality did not show a significant correlation. Maternal anemia in third-trimester pregnant women is associated with a higher risk of poor maternal outcomes and low birth weight. Strengthening early anemia screening and adherence to iron–folic acid supplementation, integrated into maternal nutrition programs with robust referral systems, is essential to reduce adverse maternal outcomes and low birth weight in Jember Regency.
Risk factors of neonatal mortality in Jember Regency, Indonesia: A case-control study Alvianto, Muhammad Azirul Afif; Kusumawardani, Devi Arine; Baroya, Ni'mal
JNKI (Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia) (Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery) Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/jnki.2026.14(1).126-146

Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality constitutes most infant deaths in Indonesia, influenced by maternal and infant factors, smoking exposure levels during pregnancy, and the seeking of health services. Objectives: The study aimed to determine risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in Jember Regency. Methods: This observational analytical study employed a case-control design, with 42 cases and 42 controls selected by simple random sampling. Data collection used a documentation study to obtain maternal and infant characteristics, and maternal cigarette smoke exposure level was assessed using a direct interview SHSES questionnaire. Results: Mostly the age of mothers from case and control 20-35 years, gestational age 37-42 weeks, upper arm circumference ≥23.5 cm, not anemic, parity 2-4, experiencing complications, heavy exposure to cigarette smoke, birth spacing 24-60 months, birth weight <2500 & >4000 grams, inappropriate ANC, delivery assisted by health workers in health care facilities, and using the abdominal delivery method. Preterm and postterm delivery increased neonatal death risk 3.5 times (OR =3.511; 95% CI = 1.316-9.364), maternal or infant complications increased risk 4.2 times (OR = 4.200; 95% CI = 2.445-7.214), extreme birth weight increased risk 4.4 times (OR = 4.462; 95% CI = 1.785-11.154), and the vaginal delivery method is 0.194 times (OR = 0.194; 95% CI = 0.073-0.518) more protective than the abdominal delivery method. Conclusions: Preterm and post-term birth, maternal and neonatal complications, extreme birth weight, and abdominal delivery were associated with neonatal mortality. Strengthening early risk detection and antenatal care quality to prevent complications, optimize birth outcomes, and improve referral coordination to support targeted neonatal mortality reduction strategies.