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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Muhammadiyah Medical Journal
Rahmadi, Agus
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Drug Alternative Approach Through Comparative Study of Antibacterial Effect of Curcumin and Andrographolide Against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Kirani, Elisa Safa; Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Kurnia, Achdi; Rahmadi, Agus
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.2.122-129

Abstract

Background: Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis with a broad host range. Several studies reported antimicrobial resistance against S. Typhimurium. The inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates the issue of drug resistance. Indonesian natural products, curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, and andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, have shown antibacterial activity due to their various health benefits. These natural products are potential candidates for alternative therapy in S. Typhimurium infection to evade antibiotic resistance. Purposes: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of curcumin and andrographolide against S. Typhimurium. Methods: This study design was true experimental. The curcumin (500 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL, 5000 μg/mL) and andrographolide (10 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL) were tested for their antibacterial effects against S. Typhimurium using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control, and DMSO was used as a negative control. Inhibition zone bacteria with curcumin treatment compared to andrographolide treatment to assess the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity. Results: Various concentrations of curcumin and andrographolide inhibit the growth of S. Typhimurium bacteria. The highest average of S. Typhimurium inhibition zone was 9 mm and 9.67 mm, with doses of 500 μg/mL curcumin and 1000 μg/mL andrographolide. The andrographolide inhibition zone is larger than curcumin at 1000 µg/mL. These findings showed the potential of andrographolide as a natural antibacterial agent against S. Typhimurium. However, chloramphenicol inhibition zone is still highest between andrographolide and curcumin group doses. Conclusion: Andrographolide has a more effective antibacterial effect against S. Typhimurium than curcumin at 1000 µg/mL based on inhibition zone diameter results. However, chloramphenicol is still more effective as an antibacterial agent against S. Typhimurium.
Antibacterial effects of Andrographis paniculata extract, Curcuma domestica extract, chloramphenicol and their combinations on the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria Rahmadi, Agus; Elya, Berna; Suryadi, Herman; Prasetio, Nisrina Putri; Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 22 No 2 (2024): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v22i2.1677

Abstract

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi remains a serious health threat. Although standard treatment with antibiotics such as chloramphenicol has helped reduce mortality rates, bacterial resistance to this antibiotic is increasing. New treatment approaches are urgently needed, including combining antibiotics with natural compounds from medicinal plants, such as Andrographis paniculata and Curcuma domestica. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of A. paniculata extract, C. domestica extract, chloramphenicol, and their combinations on the growth of S. typhi. This in vitro experimental study used the disc diffusion method to evaluate antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity tests were performed against S. typhi using discs soaked in 70% ethanol extract solutions of A. paniculata and C. domestica, chloramphenicol, and their combinations. Inhibition zones were measured after incubation for 24 hours at 37°C. Chloramphenicol showed the strongest antibacterial activity with a mean inhibition zone of 28.33 ± 0.58 mm. Single extracts of A. paniculata and C. domestica had relatively weak antibacterial activity (inhibition zones of 9.67 ± 1.15 mm and 9.83 ± 0.29 mm) and there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Combinations of extracts with chloramphenicol showed increased antibacterial activity compared to single extracts (inhibition zones of 23.17 ± 1.26 mm for A. paniculata + chloramphenicol and 21.00 ± 2.65 mm for C. domestica + chloramphenicol) and there were significant differences between combinations and single extracts (p<0.05), but still lower than single chloramphenicol and statistically significant (p<0.05). Although combining medicinal plant extracts with chloramphenicol increased antibacterial activity compared to single extracts, it did not exceed single chloramphenicol.
Co-Authors Berna Elya Herman Suryadi Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir Kirani, Elisa Safa Kurnia, Achdi Muhammad Rasyid, Muhammad Prasetio, Nisrina Putri Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata tono, Nasrullah Wilu