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Utilization of fermented sago pulp as a source of carbohydrate in feed for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Sumiana, I Kadek; Ekasari, Julie; Jusadi, Dedi; Setiawati, Mia
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.19.2.106-117

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate sago pulp fermentation method and its effect on crude fiber content, digestibility, and utilization of sago pulp as a feed raw material for Nile tilapia. Fermentation was done using three different fermenters, i.e. yeast tapai and baker’s yeast with five doses of 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 50 g/kg,70 g/kg,100 g/kg, respectively, and sheep rumen liquid with five doses of 100 mL/kg, 200 mL/kg, 300 mL/kg, 500 mL/kg and 1000 mL/kg. The incubation time was 0, 24, 72, and 96 hours. In the digestibility test, tilapia (25 g) was stocked at a density of 7 fish/aquarium. Three different diets were applied in quadruplicate, i.e. reference diet (100% reference diet), unfermented sago pulp (AS), and fermented sago pulp (ASF). Three different dietary treatments (in quadruplicate) containing different carbohydrate sources were tested, i.e. cassava flour as a comparion (G), unfermented sago pulp (AS), and fermented sago pulp (ASF). Fermentation of sago pulp with tapai yeast at a dose of 50 g/kg at 72 hours incubation time could reduce crude fiber by 35.76%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 32.68%, and hemicellulose by 60.39%. Fermentation with yeast tapai could significantly increase sago pulp dry matter digestibility by 34% and carbohydrate digestibility by 21%, as well as increase glucose absorption. The growth experiment showed that the use of ASF diets resulted in higher specific growth rate (3.31 ± 0.12%/ day), protein retention (47.34 ± 5.23%) and fat retention (85.58 ± 5.44%) than those of AS dietary. In conclusion, fermentation of sago pulp using yeast tapai at a dose of 50 g/kg at 72 hours incubation could reduce crude fiber content and increase dry matter and carbohydrate digestibilities, so that it can be used as a source of carbohydrates in tilapia diet. Keywords : carbohydrate, digestibility, fermentation, fiber, Nile tilapia, sago pulp ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi metode fermentasi ampas sagu dan pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan serat kasar, kecernaan, dan pemanfaatan ampas sagu sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan nila. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan penambahan tiga perlakuan bahan fermentor yaitu ragi tape dan ragi roti ditambahkan dengan dosis masing-masing sebanyak 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 50 g/kg, 70 g/kg, 100 g/kg, dan cairan rumen domba yang ditambahkan dengan dosis 100 mL/kg, 200 mL/kg, 300 mL/kg, 500 mL/kg, dan 1000 mL/kg. Lama waktu inkubasi 0, 24, 72, dan 96 jam. Pada uji kecernaan digunakan ikan nila (25 g) yang dipelihara dengan kepadatan tujuh ekor per akuarium. Pada uji ini dilakukan tiga perlakuan pakan dengan empat ulangan, yaitu pakan acuan, ampas sagu tanpa fermentasi (AS), dan ampas sagu fermentasi (ASF). Percobaan dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan pakan (4 ulangan) dengan tiga sumber karbohidrat yang berbeda yaitu gaplek (G) sebagai pembanding, ampas sagu (AS), dan ampas sagu fermentasi (ASF). Fermentasi ampas sagu dengan menggunakan ragi tape sebanyak 50 g/kg dengan lama inkubasi 72 jam dapat menurunkan serat kasar tertinggi sebanyak 35.76%, dan menurunkan fraksi serat neutral detergent fiber (NDF) dan hemisellulosa masing-masing sebanyak 32.68% dan 60.39%. Perlakuan fermentasi ampas sagu dapat meningkatkan nilai kecernaan bahan sebesar 34%, kecernaan karbohidrat sebesar 21%, serta penyerapan glukosa. Hasil uji pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ASF memberikan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik (3.31 ± 0.12%/hari), retensi protein (47.34 ± 5.23%) dan retensi lemak (85.58 ± 5.44%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan AS (P<0.05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentasi ampas sagu dengan menggunakan ragi tape pada dosis 50 g/kg selama 72 jam dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar dan meningkatkan kecernaan bahan dan karbohidrat sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber karbohidrat pada pakan ikan nila. Kata kunci : ampas sagu, fermentasi, ikan nila, karbohidrat, kecernaan, serat
POTENSI BIJI DAN DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas) SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF DAN IMUNOSTIMULAN DALAM MENDUKUNG AKUAKULTUR BERKELANJUTAN: KAJIAN PUSTAKA Sumiana, I Kadek; Takwin, Bagus Ansani; Fahtuhrohman, Adimas Bagus; Suleman, Gabriella Augustine
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 20, No 2 (2025): Juni (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.20.2.2025.195-228

Abstract

Krisis pangan global dan tingginya kebutuhan protein hewani menuntut adanya sumber protein alternatif yang berkelanjutan dalam akuakultur. Ketergantungan pada tepung ikan sebagai bahan pakan utama menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan pasokan dan fluktuasi harga, sehingga diperlukan eksplorasi bahan nabati dengan potensi tinggi, antara lain jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi jarak pagar sebagai sumber protein alternatif dalam pakan akuakultur.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur atau kajian pustaka. Data diperoleh dengan  mempelajari teori, konsep, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan topik. Sumber kajian berasal artikel jurnal bereputasi nasional, internasional dan prosiding yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2010-2025. Proses pengumpulan literatur dilakukan melalui berbagai basis data seperti Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MDPI, Springer Link dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang sesuai.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jarak pagar mengandung protein tinggi 56–64% dengan profil asam amino lengkap serta senyawa bioaktif (flavonoid 0,09–2,92%, saponin 0,092–3,5%, tanin 0.0049–0,395%, fenolik 0,48-38%, alkaloid 0,070-0,50% terpenoid 0,022%) yang berfungsi sebagai imunostimulan. Proses detoksifikasi mampu menurunkan kandungan antinutrisi hingga 85%. Aplikasinya dalam pakan mampu menggantikan tepung ikan dan kedelai sebesar 10–40%, meningkatkan pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, respons imun, dan kelangsungan hidup organisme budidaya hingga 88,3%. Kajian ini menyimpulkan jarak pagar memiliki potensi sebagai sumber protein alternatif dalam pakan akuakultur karena kandungan nutrisinya yang tinggi dan keberadaan senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat melalui metode pengolahan yang tepat. Namun, pemanfaatannya masih terbatas oleh kandungan senyawa toksik yang memerlukan proses detoksifikasi efektif dan aman. Tantangan riset ke depan mencakup optimalisasi teknologi detoksifikasi dan analisis kelayakan aplikasinya dalam skala industri.The global food crisis and the increasing demand for animal protein necessitate sustainable alternative protein sources in aquaculture. Dependence on fishmeal as the primary feed ingredient faces challenges due to limited supply and fluctuating prices, making it essential to explore high-potential plant-based materials such as Jatropha curcas. This article aims to review the potential of Jatropha curcas as a protein source alternative in aquaculture feed. The research employed a qualitative method through a literature review, analyzing theories, concepts, and previous studies relevant to the topic. The data sources were peer-reviewed national and international articles and conference proceedings published between 2010 and 2025. Literature was collected from various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MDPI, Springer Link, and Google Scholar, using predetermined keywords. The findings indicate that Jatropha curcas contains high protein (56–64%) with a complete amino acid profile and bioactive compounds (flavonoids 0.09–2.92%, saponins 0.092–3.5%, tannins 0.0049–0.395%, phenolics 0.48–38%, alkaloids 0.070–0.50%, terpenoids 0.022%) that function as immunostimulants. Detoxification processes can reduce antinutritional factors by up to 85%. Its application in aquafeed can substitute 10–40% of fishmeal and soybean meal, improving growth, feed efficiency, immune response, and survival rate of cultured organisms up to 88.3%. This review concludes that Jatropha curcas has strong potential as an alternative protein source in aquaculture feed due to its high nutritional content and beneficial bioactive compounds when processed appropriately. However, its utilization remains constrained by toxic compounds that require effective and safe detoxification. Future research challenges include optimizing detoxification technologies and evaluating the plant feasibility for industrial-scale applications.
The Effect of Crude Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Leaf Extract on Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteria In Vitro Nilakandhi, Tania; Laily, Anggita Noer; Hidayati, Desy Amalia; Sumiana, I Kadek; Riyadi, Farid Mukhtar; Fauzi, Arini Resti
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v5i4.8673

Abstract

Cultivation activities often experience obstacles due to bacterial disease attacks, one of which is caused by P. fluorescens bacteria. Commercial treatment efforts include the use of antibiotics, but this can cause bacterial resistance. Therefore, an alternative treatment that is more environmentally friendly but can still be used as medicine is needed, namely the use of natural ingredients such as jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract on P. fluorescens bacteria in vitro. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, 2 controls, and 3 replications. The control treatment consisted of a positive control (Tetracycline 30 ppm), and a negative control (only using disc paper), as well as 5 different extract dose treatments, namely treatment A (60 ppm), treatment B (120 ppm), treatment C (180 ppm), treatment D (240 ppm) and treatment E (300 ppm). The results of the study showed that the use of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract affected P. fluorescens bacteria. The relationship between the use of crude jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) leaf extract with different doses and the resulting inhibition zone showed a quadratic regression pattern with the equation y = -0.0001x2 + 0.05x + 6.327.
Effectiveness of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Leaf Extract on Growth and Meat Quality of Farmed Fish: A Review Rahmadani, Thoy Batun Citra; Mulyani, Laily Fitriani; Sumiana, I Kadek
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v5i4.8974

Abstract

Aquaculture continues to expand globally, requiring natural and sustainable feed additives to enhance fish growth and meat quality. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf extract contains diverse bioactive compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, which possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and growth-promoting properties. This review aims to summarize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of cinnamon leaf extract in improving growth performance and meat quality of farmed fish. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing 41 scientific publications obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Elsevier. The reviewed studies consistently showed that supplementation of cinnamon leaf extract or powder at doses ranging from 0.25–1% in fish feed enhances growth parameters such as Specific Growth Rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, and biomass in species including barramundi, Nile tilapia, common carp, and striped catfish. In addition, the extract significantly improves meat quality by reducing body and meat fat content, enhancing texture, increasing protein levels, and improving sensory attributes such as taste and fillet color. These improvements are attributed to the metabolic, antioxidant, and lipid-modulating mechanisms of the phytochemicals present in cinnamon leaves. Overall, cinnamon leaf extract demonstrates strong potential as a natural, environmentally friendly feed additive that supports both productivity and product quality in modern aquaculture systems.