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THE DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG INDONESIAN ADULTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC Sisilia Orlin; Felix Wijovi; Nadya Nathalia Evangelista; Stella Angelina; Devina Adella Halim; Audrey Hamdoyo; Timotius Ivan Hariyanto; Darien Alfa Cipta; Andree Kurniawan
The Indonesian Journal of Public Health Vol. 18 No. 1 (2023): THE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijph.v18i1.2023.117-129

Introduction: COVID-19 outbreak has caused changes around the world with many polices remade to stop the spread of this virus since it started in 2019. Indonesia with the overall highest positive cases in South-East Asia has been challenged with prolonged restriction policy issued from early 2020 until now due to continuous increase of cases. This study aims to know the mental health of Indonesia citizens during early quarantine before it changed into restriction. Method: Indonesian version DASS-21 questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study to assess Indonesian adults aged > 25 years old using an online platform from 22nd April, 2020 to 28th May, 2020, then analyzed using T-test and one-way ANOVA. Result: All participants have no depression and stress symptoms that meet the threshold for probable depression according to the DASS-21 instrument. On the other hand, 26.3% participants showed anxiety symptom with severity classified into mild (16.0%), moderate (8.9%), and severe (0.4%). Conclusion: This study also found relationship of depression, anxiety, and stress characteristic with gender, age marital status, and income in adults during pandemic. Where in this study shows male, younger age, unmarried status, and lower income people have higher scale of depression, anxiety, and stress characteristic. This finding may help Indonesia’s government and citizens to assess the restriction to mental health of Indonesian adults for further effective policy implementation.

Factors related to Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Indonesian adults during quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic Evangelista, Nadya Nathalia; Wijovi, Felix; Orlin, Sisilia; Angelina, Stella; Halim, Devina Adella; Jodhinata, Claudia; Hamdoyo, Audrey; Cipta, Darien Alfa; Kurniawan, Andree; Lugito, Nata Pratama Hardjo
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January - March
Publisher : YCAB Publisher & IAKMI SULTRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v8i1.564

Background: COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health event. It started from Wuhan, China, in late December of 2019 and later spread worldwide. During the pandemic, negative impacts on mental health were found in all groups, including adults of their productive age. Objective: This study aimed to search for factors related to Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) during the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, specifically about the demographic background of respondents and its relation to PTSS. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 257 Indonesian adults aged 26-67 years from 26 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia. The questionnaire used in this study consists of demographic questions and an Indonesian version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IESR). The questionnaire was distributed through a link attached to the social media platform from 17 September to 5 October 2020. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 25.0. Results: The data analysis showed a significant relationship between age and mean IES-R score during quarantine time in Indonesia (p-value 0.001). Other demographic factors such as gender, education level, marital status, work from home, income during the pandemic, and pandemic effects to income showed no significant relation to the IES-R score of the respondents. Adults aged 25-44 years old tend to have higher IES-R scores than those aged 45-64 and 65+ years old. Conclusion: Age was related to the IES-R score, while the other five independent variables included in the linear regression analysis were found to be confounders in this study.

Risiko Terjadinya Adiksi Internet pada Remaja dengan Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti Dewanto Andoko; Darien Alfa Cipta; Tirta Darmawan Susanto
Medula Vol 13 No 6 (2023): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i6.833

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) constitutes a prominent neurodevelopmental disorder frequently observed in childhood, characterized by three core symptoms encompassing inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Notably, the persistence of ADHD can extend from childhood into adolescence and even adulthood. Importantly, it has been noted that in nearly half of cases where ADHD endures beyond childhood and into the later stages of life, there is a substantial elevation in the risk of various addictive behaviors, encompassing alcohol, nicotine, other substances, and behavioral addictions like internet addiction, in comparison to individuals without a history of ADHD. Against this backdrop, the present literature exploration is specifically focused on discerning the influence of childhood ADHD on the propensity for internet addiction in adolescence and young adulthood. To comprehensively address this query, a meticulously structured search was conducted across several renowned databases including Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and ProQuest. The search parameters were thoughtfully adapted and refined to align seamlessly with the clinical question, ensuring the retrieval of pertinent and valuable information. Among the amassed results, one article was identified as particularly pertinent, serving as a concise compilation of the most recent insights into the intricate interplay between ADHD and internet addiction. The outcomes derived from this thorough meta-analytical review not only establish a substantial association between childhood and adolescent ADHD and an augmented susceptibility to internet addiction in later years but also provide quantification through a notable Crude Odds Ratio (COR) of 3.76 (95% CI: 2.75, 5.15) and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 2.51 (95% CI: 2.09, 3.02) following meticulous confounder adjustments. Furthermore, a striking observation emerges wherein adolescents grappling with internet addiction manifest intensified ADHD symptoms, corroborated by evident elevation in Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale scores relative to their non-addicted counterparts. Collectively, these findings underscore the imperative of recognizing and addressing the heightened risk of internet addiction among adolescents with a history of ADHD and spotlight the pressing need for nuanced interventions and comprehensive support strategies.

Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised Questionnaire During COVID-19 Pandemic Wijovi, Felix; Kurniawan, Andree; Lugito, Nata Pratama Hardjo; Agung, Fransisca Handy; Cipta, Darien Alfa; Angelina, Stella; Halim, Devina Adella; Jodhinata, Claudia; Orlin, Sisilia; Hamdoyo, Audrey; Evangelista, Nadya Nathalia
Medicinus Vol 11, No 1 (2021): October
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v9i2.4703

Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by SARS CoV-2. A health-related disaster may result in a wide range of mental consequences, including PTSD. IES-R is a self-reported instrument, and it corresponds to DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. However, there were scarce data about the validation of the Indonesian version of IESR.Aim: The purpose of this study was to validate the IES-R in the Indonesian adult population by comprehensively and systematically assessing the epidemiological evidence about PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The IES-R questionnaire was translated from English to Indonesian, back-translated. All health workers were excluded to avoid the biased result. Pearson correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.Results: A total of 234 Indonesian-speaking adults completed the survey. The Indonesian IES-R had proven to be a valid (r= 0.756 -0.938, p= 0.000) and reliable (alpha coefficient: 0.858-0.868) measure for PTSS in a sample of Indonesian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the final model which consisted of 3 subscales with 20 items demonstrated acceptable factor loadings.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested IESR is valid and reliable to be used in the Indonesian population especially during pandemics.

Bereavement as A Risk Factor for Depression in The Elderly: An Evidence Based Case Report Andoko, Dewanto; Handoko, Marshel Timotius; Cipta, Darien Alfa
Medicinus Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): October
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v14i1.9242

Background: Depression disorder among the elderly population is a serious issue that is often underdetected and undertreated. Depression can lead to functional impairments, which are comparable to or even worse than those in individuals with chronic conditions such as heart and lung diseases. Bereavement is believed to be one of the risk factors for depression in the elderly. This literature search aims to explore bereavement as an etiology of depression in the elderly. Method: A structured search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases, using tailored keywords aligned with the clinical question to obtain relevant results. Results: The search and selection process yielded one selected article that was deemed relevant to the case. This article provided a summary of evidence concerning the relationship between bereavement and the emergence of depression diagnosis in the elderly. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bereavement increases the risk of depression in the elderly. However, further studies are still needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying depression in the elderly.

Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised Questionnaire During COVID-19 Pandemic Wijovi, Felix; Kurniawan, Andree; Lugito, Nata Pratama Hardjo; Agung, Fransisca Handy; Cipta, Darien Alfa; Angelina, Stella; Halim, Devina Adella; Jodhinata, Claudia; Orlin, Sisilia; Hamdoyo, Audrey; Evangelista, Nadya Nathalia
Medicinus Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021): October
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v9i2.4703

Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory infection caused by SARS CoV-2. A health-related disaster may result in a wide range of mental consequences, including PTSD. IES-R is a self-reported instrument, and it corresponds to DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. However, there were scarce data about the validation of the Indonesian version of IESR.Aim: The purpose of this study was to validate the IES-R in the Indonesian adult population by comprehensively and systematically assessing the epidemiological evidence about PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The IES-R questionnaire was translated from English to Indonesian, back-translated. All health workers were excluded to avoid the biased result. Pearson correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.Results: A total of 234 Indonesian-speaking adults completed the survey. The Indonesian IES-R had proven to be a valid (r= 0.756 -0.938, p= 0.000) and reliable (alpha coefficient: 0.858-0.868) measure for PTSS in a sample of Indonesian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the final model which consisted of 3 subscales with 20 items demonstrated acceptable factor loadings.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested IESR is valid and reliable to be used in the Indonesian population especially during pandemics.

Effectiveness of Home Visiting Programs To Prevent Maternal Depression: A Systematic Review of RCTs Liem, Jean Andrina; Rustiadi, Natalie Debora Devino; Wijovi, Felix; Heriyanto, Rivaldo Steven; Setyoputra, Bryan; Sucahyo, Emanuela Clarisa Karina; Lake, Josephus Rivaldo; Aurielle, Celine; Handoko, Marshell Timotius; Cipta, Darien Alfa
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 6, No 2 (2023): July
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.82560

During prenatal and post-partum period, 10-20% of women experience depression. The quality of life and functional capacity of these women were also significantly impacted by depression. This condition also has an adverse effect on fetal development and newborn. Furthermore, home visit have been used to reduce maternal depression. However, the evidence of this still low. Hence, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of home visiting in preventing maternal depression. Articles for this systematic review were collected from several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) using terms related to maternal depression, prevention, and home visiting. The quality of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). This systematic review is comprised of 13 high quality randomized clinical trials with 4.804 participants. Eleven studies indicate that home visiting effectively reduce depressive symptoms and a study shows that mothers receiving home visiting are twice less likely to develop depressive symptoms. Home visiting are also beneficial for low-income women amidst the low rate of mental health services. Only two studies state that there is no evidence that home visiting effectively reduces depressive symptoms and increases caregiving quality. However, some studies state that the mother's cognitive, child growth, and maternal depression may improve with home visiting integrated with cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, education such as lectures, or video. Home visiting are effective in preventing maternal depression. Further studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of the intervention plan in home visiting.

Systematic Review: The Correlation Burnout Rate in Cancer Patient Caregivers Febrianti, Erlin; Cipta, Darien Alfa; Esperanza, Maria; Handoko, Marshell Timotius; Sembiring, Melanie Darischa; Kristianti, Naftali Intania
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 7, No 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.82561

The caregiver among cancer patients often experiences hardships while providing emotional, physical, and financial support for their family members. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. However, due to improved cancer treatment, there is a reduced mortality rate and increased survival rate among patients with cancer, resulting in an increased and prolonged burden for both patients and caregivers. The caregiver is a professional in treating patients requiring extended outpatient care, assisting patients in their daily activities, and performing medical treatment. The method we used is a systematic review of the correlation between burnout rates in cancer patients' caregivers. Was also conducted a researcher's method uses a cross-sectional/study. We used 14 articles that correlated and searched the keyword cancer, patient cancer, burnout, and caregivers. Also, the results stated that caregivers are highly related to the level of burnout; thus, research shows caregivers have low self-esteem, adverse health effects, and depression. Ultimately, there is a high correlation between burnout in caregivers and cancer patients. Caregivers play a crucial role in the management of cancer patients. Giving caregivers the social support they need, educational resources, and supporting programs may decrease burnout because they need to provide for their mental health, which correlates with low self-esteem, adverse health effects, and depression. There is great potential for improvement in the design of cancer caregiver intervention studies to plan for future implementation, so more in-depth studies on this topic are needed.

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