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KEBIJAKAN CONGRESSMAN MOONEY SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENGHADAPI KEKUATAN BRICS Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Nugraha, Azhar Fuad; Amalia, Nina; Juliaqil, Rafi Baron
Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Publisher : Lintas Cendekia Publishing

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Abstract

The initiation of returning to the gold standard in the United States economy has been carried out by Congressman Alexander Mooney who represents West Virginia. The Bills intend to define the fixed exchange rates of the dollar as the total weight of gold in a country. The concept of theory Neo-Classical Realism was used to lead to the various aspects of background both internal and external to study the establishment of the bills. Congressman Mooney believed that the bills will be a solution to deal with inflationary conditions, the growth of national debt, and the instability of the ongoing monetary system. However, the bills seem to be also an affirmation from the United States in the international economy and maybe hamper the rise of the BRICS organization which currently gathering its strength in the world.
DAMPAK PROTEKSIONISME AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKTIVISME Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Judistia, Ammar; Ulvatmi, Julia; Hanun T.W.A, Ratu; Nurhaliza, Siti
Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Publisher : Lintas Cendekia Publishing

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The economic protectionism carried out by Trump has had both positive and negative impacts on countries in the world. This paper focuses on the positive impact of US protectionism on its cooperation with Indonesia based on a Constructivism Perspective. The approach used is a qualitative method using secondary data. The US protectionism policy carried out by Trump resulted in the outbreak of a trade war with China throughout the 2017-2020 period, where this succeeded in shocking the international community. During the crisis and world economic tensions, Indonesia managed to overcome a few of these things that it had a positive impact that benefited Indonesia, namely the transfer of several US-imported goods from China to Indonesia and the increasing interest of foreign investors in Indonesia. The analysis is carried out using the ontology of Constructivism which is divided into three, namely, historical, norms, and ideas built by Indonesia for the United States. Indonesia is advised to maintain good relations by building the right nation branding towards the US and China, even though Indonesia is not in favor of either of them.
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI VIETNAM TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN ANAK VIETNAM DI INGGRIS PERIODE 2017-2021 Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Salsabila, Ridzky Farah
Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Publisher : Lintas Cendekia Publishing

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Abstract

This article analyzes Vietnam's foreign policy towards Vietnamese child trafficking in the UK for the 2017-2021 period. There are two aspects studied. The first aspect of the issue of child trafficking that occurs in the UK, the process starts from Vietnam until it crosses the UK border. The second aspect analyzes the loss of life incident which shocked the international mass media. The analysis begins with Vietnam's foreign policy response to its population who are illegal workers and Britain's attitude in trying to anticipate the exploitation of human trafficking. The conceptual framework refers to the concepts of national interests and human security. The findings show that Vietnamese children are often targeted by perpetrators who cheat them out of work opportunities, but in reality they are exploited and sold to brothels to become sex workers in various countries, including the UK. To prevent this, Vietnam ratified the policy of the National Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Human Trafficking, established a Steering Committee for the Prevention and Eradication of Crime, implemented international cooperation in preventing and controlling human trafficking, and established an interdisciplinary working body. group and Steering Committee 138 coordinate with UN-ACT and related bodies in the UK. On the other hand, the UK is trying to collaborate with ECPAT.
SANKSI EKONOMI AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP IRAN PERIODE 2018–2020 DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEOREALISME Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Alir, Adre
Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Publisher : Lintas Cendekia Publishing

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Good relations between the United States (US) and Iran turned complex due to the important events of the 28 Mordad Coup in 1952, the 1979 Iranian Revolution, as well as disputes between the two countries regarding the issue of Iran's nuclear program. This research also explains the impact of US economic sanctions on Iran's economic conditions. However, Iran's response to these sanctions has shown to be ineffective in stopping Iran's nuclear uranium enrichment activities. The Neorealism Perspective is used as a reference in analyzing US economic sanctions against Iran for the 2018–2020 period. Meanwhile, the approach is using a qualitative research method which analysis is focused on gaining a deeper understanding of US economic sanctions against Iran based on the Neorealism Perspective. The findings obtained based on Neorealism show that the emergence of distrust between Iran and the US is due to the absence of authority in the international system. Neorealism views US economic sanctions against Iran during the 2018–2020 period as part of international political dynamics that arise from power competition in an anarchic international system. According to the Neorealism Perspective, large countries such as the US tend to use economic sanctions as a tool to influence other countries and defend their national security interests.
UPAYA NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN JEPANG DAN KOREA SELATAN MELALUI MEKANISME KERJASAMA KEAMANAN PERIODE 2021-2022 Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Saubil Navira, Aurora
Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Publisher : Lintas Cendekia Publishing

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Japan and South Korea have traces of disharmonious relations since after Japan won the war with Russia in the period February 1904-September 1905 and the war between China and Japan in August 1894-April 1895. The relationship between the two was exacerbated by the disputed conflict on the islands of Dokdo and Takeshima. Therefore, during the reigns of Shinzo Abe and Moon Jae-in, efforts were made to normalize relations, which was marked by the formation of the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea. In the midst of normalization efforts, the Shinzo Abe administration, relations have become tense again due to Japan's conservative policy of tightening the export of chemicals from South Korea's semiconductor industry. This fact is a challenge for security cooperation between the two countries to worsen. This was responded by Fumio Kishida and Yoon Suk Yeol by joining the US through trilateral security cooperation. This article is analyzed using two concepts, namely, the concept of defense diplomacy and the concept of national security. The research method used through a qualitative approach is descriptive and explanatory. The results found that efforts to normalize relations between the two countries through the security cooperation mechanism turned out to be more focused on strengthening the military by forming an alliance with the United States (US).
Kegagalan Kemerdekaan New Caledonia Dari Prancis: Studi Kasus Perjuangan Suku Kanak Akbar, Ridwan Azhari; Firnas, Muhamad Adian; Fitriyanti, Rahmi
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

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This study analyzes the causes of the Kanak people's failed struggle in the New Caledonia independence referendum in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The Kanak people are an indigenous people who inhabited New Caledonia before the arrival of the French in 1853. The Kanak people have fought for their independence through referendums stipulated in the 1998 Noumea Agreement. This agreement provides for three referendums, but all referendums failed to make New Caledonia independent. Thus, the third referendum in 2021 marks the end of the Kanak people's struggle for independence, they are legally integrated into the French Republic as a final decision. This study uses the conceptual framework of "referendum" to determine the fate of independence, and "integration" as a colonial strategy aimed at maintaining control over its colonies. The research method used is qualitative which is descriptive analytical, an inductive approach, using primary and secondary sources, and library research data collection techniques. This study found that the causes of the referendum failure were a combination of political strategies, demographic imbalances between the Kanak people and immigrants, and a voting system that did not benefit the Kanak people. The dynamics of voting rights are also very significant in providing advantages for immigrants who can vote in a referendum that should be a referendum on the fate of the Kanak tribe. This study highlights that the referendum, which should be a democratic instrument, is used as a political tool to maintain decolonization in a modern form that is actually aimed at maintaining the colonial power. In the case of New Caledonia, the referendum has become a means to integrate the region into the French Republic, and sacrifice the right to self-determination of independence which should be the main focus of the decolonization process in the Non-Self Governing Territories (NSGT). Keywords: Referendum, Kanak tribe, New Caledonia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisis penyebab perjuangan suku Kanak yang gagal dalam referendum kemerdekaan New Caledonia pada 2018, 2020, dan 2021. Suku Kanak adalah suku asli yang menghuni New Caledonia sebelum kedatangan Prancis pada 1853. Suku Kanak telah berjuang untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaannya melalui referendum yang diatur dalam Perjanjian Noumea 1998. Perjanjian ini memberikan kesempatan tiga kali referendum, tetapi semua referendum gagal untuk membuat New Caledonia merdeka. Dengan demikian, referendum ketiga tahun 2021 menandai akhir perjuangan kemerdekaan suku Kanak, mereka secara sah terintegrasi ke dalam Republik Prancis sebagai keputusan yang final. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konseptual “referendum” untuk menentukan nasib kemerdekaan, dan “integrasi” sebagai strategi kolonial yang bertujuan mempertahankan kendali atas wilayah jajahannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, pendekatan induktif, menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penyebab kegagalan referendum adalah kombinasi strategi politik, ketidakseimbangan demografi suku Kanak dengan warga pendatang, dan sistem pemilih yang tidak menguntungkan suku Kanak. Dinamika hak pilih juga sangat signifikan dalam memberikan keunggulan bagi warga pendatang yang bisa memilih pada referendum yang seharusnya menjadi referendum penentuan nasib suku Kanak. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa referendum yang seharusnya menjadi instrumen demokratis, tetapi digunakan sebagai alat politik untuk mempertahankan dekolonisasi dalam bentuk modern yang justru bertujuan untuk mempertahankan wilayah kekuasaan kolonial. Dalam kasus New Caledonia, referendum telah menjadi sarana untuk mengintegrasikan wilayah tersebut ke dalam Republik Prancis, dan mengorbankan hak penentuan nasib kemerdekaan yang seharusnya menjadi fokus utama dari proses dekolonisasi di wilayah Non-Self Governing Territories (NSGT). Kata Kunci : referendum, suku kanak, new caledonia
The Islamic State and Thomas Hobbes: Views on the State, Law, and the Role of Religion Sugara, Robi; Fitriyanti, Rahmi; Idris, Faisal Nurdin
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) JISI: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jisi.v5i1.39937

Abstract

Abstract. This article explains the concept of an Islamic state from the perspective of Thomas Hobbes' book Leviathan. Although Hobbes does not explicitly discuss the Islamic state, the basic principles of his theory of the absolute state, natural law, and the role of religion in a state provide a framework that can be used to explain the basic principles of the Islamic state. This article uses a qualitative approach with textual analysis methods on Hobbes' major work, Leviathan, as well as relevant literature on the concept of an Islamic state. Based on critical and interpretive readings of the text, this paper identifies and analyses the main themes related to absolute power and the role of religion in governance according to Hobbes. This analysis highlights how a state applying Islamic law (Sharia) can be compared to the concept of the state from a Hobbesian perspective, particularly in terms of absolute power and religious regulation to maintain order and peace. This article also discusses the relevance of Hobbes' natural law in the context of Islamic law and how the principles of universal justice and morality are applied. The findings of this article show that although there are fundamental differences in the sources of legitimacy and the role of religion, the basic principles of Hobbes' theory remain relevant in understanding the dynamics that occur in Islamic states, particularly in the modern world. Keywords: Islamic State, Thommas Hobbes, Islamic Sharia, Power and Authority. Abstrak. Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep negara Islam dalam perspektif Thomas Hobbes melalui buku Leviathan. Meskipun Hobbes tidak secara eksplisit membahas negara Islam dalam bukunya, namun prinsip dasar teorinya tentang negara absolut, hukum alam, dan peran agama dalam suatu negara memberikan kerangka yang dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengertian negara Islam. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis tekstual terhadap karya utama Hobbes, Leviathan, serta literatur yang relevan mengenai konsep negara Islam. Berdasarkan pembacaan teks secara kritis dan interpretatif, tulisan ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tema-tema utama terkait kekuasaan absolut dan peran agama dalam pemerintahan menurut Hobbes. Analisis ini menyoroti bagaimana negara yang menerapkan hukum Islam (syariah) dapat dibandingkan dengan konsep negara dalam perspektif Hobbesian, khususnya dalam hal kekuasaan absolut dan peraturan agama untuk menjaga ketertiban dan perdamaian. Artikel ini juga membahas relevansi hukum alam ala Hobbes dalam konteks hukum Islam dan bagaimana prinsip keadilan dan moralitas universal diterapkan. Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbedaan mendasar dalam sumber legitimasi dan peran agama, namun prinsip dasar teori Hobbes tetap relevan dalam memahami dinamika yang terjadi di negara-negara Islam, khususnya di dunia modern. Kata Kunci: Negara Islam, Thommas Hobbes, Hukum Syariah, Kekuasaan dan Otoritas.