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Suwardi Annas
STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia Makassar Universitas Negeri Makassar
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : M A T H L I N E : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

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Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Indonesia: A B-Spline Nonparametric Regression Approach to Identify Nonlinear Relationship Patterns Annas, Suwardi; Aswi, Aswi; Hidayat, Rahmat
Mathline : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Mathline : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/mathline.v11i1.1015

Abstract

Maternal health quality is commonly assessed using the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), which remains relatively high in Indonesia compared to regional and global targets. Understanding the determinants of MMR is therefore crucial for effective health policy formulation. This study aims to analyze the influence of three key factors on MMR in Indonesia: the percentage of women aged 15–49 who have ever been married and given birth to a live child, the percentage of households with access to proper sanitation, and the average years of schooling. To capture potential nonlinear relationships that may not be adequately addressed by conventional parametric regression models, this study employs a nonparametric B-spline regression approach. The analysis was conducted using the R statistical software. Model selection was based on the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) criterion to determine the optimal spline configuration. The results show that the optimal model achieves a minimum GCV value of 0.108 and an R² value of 0.8981, indicating a strong explanatory power and excellent model fit. The findings reveal that all three predictor variables have a significant and nonlinear effect on MMR. These results highlight the importance of considering flexible modeling approaches in maternal health studies and provide empirical evidence to support the development of more targeted and effective policies aimed at reducing maternal mortality in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Ahmar, Ansari Saleh Aidid, Muhammad Kasim Asfar Astuti - Aswi, Aswi Aswi, Aswi Bakri, Nurul Aulya Bundu, Patta Devilla, Rego Fahmuddin S, Muhammad Fahmuddin, Muh. H.S, Rahmat Hastuty Musa Heriyah, Heriyah Hisyam Ihsan Irwan Irwan Irwan Istiqfar, Istiqfar Ivan, Zhalsa Larasati Jajang Jajang Kaito, Nurlaila Khairana, Nadiyah Mahadtir, Muhamad Maksar, Adie Mar’ah, Zakiyah Muh. Idris Muhammad Arif Tiro, Muhammad Arif Muhammad Refaldy Muhammad Yahya nurismi, Nur ismi Nurrahmah Nurrahmah, Nurrahmah Nusrang, Muhammad Pandjajangi, Andi Muhammad Ridho Yusuf Sainon Andi Putri, Siti Choiratun Aisyah Rahmat Hidayat Rahmat, Rahmat Wahyudi Rais, Zulkifli Refaldy, Muhammad Rudi Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana, Ruliana Sainon Andi Pandjajangi, Andi Muhammad Ridho Yusuf Saleh Ahmar, Ansari Sapinah Shanty, Meyrna Vidya Sriwahyuni, Andi Ayu Syafruddin Side Tri Utomo, Agung Vivianti Wahidah Sanusi Yassar, La Ode Salman Zulkifli Rais