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All Journal Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Rekayasa Mesin Emerging Science Journal Civil Engineering Journal Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri SEMAR Abdi Masya
Dody Ariawan
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126,
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Journal : civil engineering journal

 1 
Effects of Stir Casting Baffles on Hardness and Microstructure: Investigation of Designed Aluminum Composites Eko Surojo; Hammar Ilham Akbar; Dody Ariawan; Aditya Rio Prabowo; Teguh Triyono; Fahmi Imanullah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 8 (2022): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-04

Abstract

The increasing demand for lightweight material specifications has forced researchers to develop lightweight materials that are inexpensive, can be produced on a large scale, and are environmentally friendly. One solution that has been developed is an aluminum composite reinforced with sea sand. Indonesia has the second longest coastline in the world, which means that the country is rich in maritime resources, one of which is sea sand. The ceramic contents of SiO2, SiC, and Al2O3allow sea sand to be used as a reinforcement in aluminum composites for engineering purposes. The most effective manufacturing method of AA6061–sea sand composites is stir casting, but the homogeneity and distribution of particles are the main disadvantages of the stir casting method. Various factors affect particle distribution and homogeneity, one of which is the flow during the stirring process. The increase in turbulent flow in the stirring process affects the homogeneity and distribution of the particles. One way to create a turbulent flow when stirring is to add baffles. This paper examines the effect of adding baffles during the stir casting process on the mechanical properties of AA6061–sea sand composites. The mechanical properties of AA6061–sea sand composites were characterized using the Brinell hardness test according to ASTM E-10. The test results show that the addition of baffles during the stir casting process decreases the hardness of the AA6061–sea sand composites due to the turbulent flow that occurs. This makes the material more porous, which makes the AA6061–sea sand composites less hard. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-04 Full Text: PDF
Enhancing AA6061–Bottom Ash Composites: Role of Heat Treatment on Properties and Dimensional Stability Seputro, Harjo; Bintoro, Sefrian R.; Ariawan, Dody; Surojo, Eko; Triyono
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 11 (2025): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-11-023

Abstract

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with industrial by-products have attracted attention as lightweight, sustainable materials, yet most research has focused on fly ash. The higher density of bottom ash compared to fly ash makes bottom ash suitable for use as reinforcement in AMC. This study investigates the combined effect of BA reinforcement (0, 3, and 6 wt%) and T6 heat treatment (aging at 175, 200, and 225 °C) on the microstructure, mechanical performance, thermal expansion, and dimensional stability of AA6061 composites. Mechanical testing, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) evaluations were conducted to establish correlations between microstructure and macroscopic reliability. The results show that aging plays a decisive role in strengthening and stabilizing the alloy. The unreinforced AA6061 achieved peak hardness (69.43 BHN) and tensile strength (274.60 MPa) at 200 °C, but exhibited the largest distortion due to high thermal expansion. BA addition significantly reduced the mean coefficient of thermal expansion, with the 3 wt% BA composite aged at 200 °C demonstrating the most balanced behavior: stable CTE response, minimal distortion (0.1–0.4 mm²), and improved mechanical reliability. In contrast, 6 wt% BA composites, despite their lowest mean CTE (≈25 ppm/K), suffered from local instabilities due to particle agglomeration and porosity, leading to reduced toughness and higher geometric irregularities. Overall, this work highlights the novelty of employing BA as a sustainable reinforcement distinct from fly ash, showing that moderate BA addition coupled with optimized heat treatment can enhance dimensional stability and mechanical performance. The findings provide new insights into the design of cost-effective, environmentally friendly AMCs for structural applications.
Co-Authors . Mujtahid Aditya Afrizal Aditya Rio Prabowo Agus Nuramal Ari Prasetyo Ari Prasetyo Arif Setyo Nugroho Bambang Kusharjanta Bambang Kusharjanta Bintoro, Sefrian R. Burhanuddin Yusuf Cahyo Hadi Wibowo Dharu Feby Smaradhana Dikdo Kus Indarto Dwi Masruri Eko Purwanto Eko Surojo Eko Surojo Fahmi Imanullah Hammar Ilham Akbar Harjo Seputro, Harjo Hendri Hestiawan Imam Abdul Majid Irvian Adhana Khairul Amri Kuncoro Diharjo M. Ihsan Tri Wibowo Majid, Imam Abdul Mas'ud Nur Hanif Muhayat, Nurul Nurul Muhayat Sudibyo Sudibyo Sunardi Sunardi Syamsul Hadi Syamsul Hadi Teguh Triyono Titis Srimuda Pitana, Titis Srimuda Tohid Ghanbari-Ghazijahani Triyono U Ubaidillah Wahyu Purwo Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang Wisnu Raharjo Wijang WR WR Wijang