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Penentuan kebutuhan air, pengaturan volume, dan interval penyiraman untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang putih di dataran tinggi Hamdan Drian Adiwijaya; Ika Cartika; Rofik Sinung Basuki
Kultivasi Vol 21, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v21i1.34991

Abstract

AbstrakBawang putih merupakan jenis tanaman yang biasa ditanam di dataran tinggi tropis yang sangat sensitif terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Kekurangan air  dapat menyebabkan pembentukan umbi terhambat sehingga akan mengurangi hasil poduksi. Agar dapat berproduksi optimal bawang putih memerlukan volume dan interval penyiraman yang tepat, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa kebutuhan air serta berapa banyak volume dan interval penyiraman yang harus diberikan. Penelitian disusun dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah penentuan kebutuhan air, sedangkan tahap kedua adalah eksperimen volume dan interval penyiraman. Penentuan kebutuhan air menggunakan software Cropwat v8.0, sedangkan penelitian kedua menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi. Petak utama merupakan volume penyiraman yang terdiri dari 4 taraf: 50%, 75%, 100%, dan 200% ETc, sedangkan anak petak adalah interval penyiraman yang terdiri dari 4 taraf: 2, 3, 4, 5, hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ETo berkisar antara 3,42 – 4,15 mm/hari dengan nilai Kc untuk bawang putih (Garlic) adalah 0,7 untuk fase vegetatif, 1,0 untuk fase pembentukan dan pengisian umbi, dan 0,7 untuk fase pematangan umbi. Pemberian volume air 200% Etc menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, tebal daun, panjang akar, volume akar, diameter umbi, jumlah siung, bobot segar umbi, dan bobot kering umbi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan volume air lainnya, kecuali pada kandungan klorofil. Secara umum interval penyiraman 2 sampai dengan 5 hari tidak berpengaruh pada semua parameter pengamatan, kecuali pada jumlah daun dan jumlah siung. Interval penyiraman 2 hari menghasilkan jumlah daun dan jumlah siung lebih tinggi dibanding interval penyiraman 5 hari.Kata kunci: Bawang putih ∙ Cekaman kekeringan ∙ Cropwat ∙ Dataran tinggi  AbstractGarlic is a type of highland tropical plant that is very sensitive to water stress. The lack of water can reduce tuber formation and afterwards reduce harvested yields. To produce optimal yield of garlic, it requires the setting of right volume and interval of watering, so that the purpose of this research is to find out the water needs, water volume and interval of watering of garlic in the highlands. The research was composed of two stages. The first stage is the determination of water needs while the second stage is an experiment of the determination of watering volume and interval. Determination of water needs using Cropwat v8.0 software, while the second study used a split plot design. The main plot was the watering volume consisting of 4 levels: 50%, 75%, 100%, and 200% ETc, while the subplots were watering intervals consisting of 4 levels: 2, 3, 4, 5, days. The results showed that the ETo values ranged from 3.42 to 4.15 mm day-1 with Kc values for garlic (Garlic) being 0.7 for the vegetative phase, 1.0 for the tuber formation, and 0.7 for the tuber ripening phase. Watering volume of 200% Etc resulted in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf thickness, root length, root volume, tuber diameter, number of cloves, tuber fresh weight, and tuber dry weight higher than other water volume treatments, except for the chlorophyll content. In general, watering intervals of 2 to 5 days had no effect on all observed variables, except for the number of leaves and the number of cloves. Watering interval of 2 days resulted in the improvement of number of leaves and cloves rather than the watering interval of 5 days.Keywords : Garlic ∙ Drought stress ∙ Cropwat ∙ Highland 
Penentuan Interval Pemberian Air Tanaman Bawang Putih berdasarkan Nilai Evapotranspirasi (Determination of Interval Garlic Irrigation based on Evapotranspiration Value) nFN Harmanto; Ika Cartika; Rofik Sinung Basuki; Agnofi Merdeka Efendi; Nikardi Gunadi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p131-136

Abstract

Kebutuhan air tanaman dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi. Bawang putih untuk bisa tumbuh optimal memerlukan kebutuhan air yang cukup, baik dari segi volume ataupun ketepatan waktu pemberian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari waktu atau interval pemberian air yang tepat pada tanaman bawang putih agar mencapai pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 bertempat di IP2TP Margahayu Lembang, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian air berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi dengan interval penyiraman : (a) 2 hari sekali, (b) 3 hari sekali, (c) 4 hari sekali, (d) 5 hari sekali, (e) 6 hari sekali, serta (f) perlakuan kontrol, yaitu pemberian air cara petani tidak berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi, diberikan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interval pemberian air 2, 3, dan 4 hari sekali berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi memberikan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot umbi segar dan kering, diameter umbi, dan panjang siung lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Penyiraman 4 hari sekali dapat dilakukan pada budidaya bawang putih untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil serta efisiensi tenaga, waktu, dan biaya.KeywordsBawang putih; Evapotranspirasi; Interval irigasi; Irigasi tanamanAbstractPlant water requirements can be determined based on the evapotranspiration value. To be able to grow optimally, garlic requires sufficient water needs both in terms of volume and the timing of irrigation. The study was aimed at obtain the right time or frequency of water application to garlic plants in order to achieve optimal growth and production. The research was conducted from May to September 2020 at IP2TP Margahayu Lembang Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of giving water based on the evapotranspiration value with watering intervals : (a) 2 days, (b) 3 days, (c) 4 days, (d) 5 days, (e) 6 days, and (f) control treatment, namely giving water by farmers not based on the value of evapotranspiration, given every 2 days. The results showed that the interval of giving water 2, 3, and 4 days based on the evapotranspiration value gave the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stover dry weight, fresh and dry tuber weight, tuber diameter and clove length higher than the control treatment. Irrigation every 4 days can be done on garlic cultivation to increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency ofenergy, time, and cost.
Optimalisasi Dosis Pupuk Tunggal dan Pupuk Kandang untuk Produksi Bawang Putih di Dataran Tinggi Ika Cartika; Abdi Hudaya; Fahmi Aprianto; Rini Murtiningsih
Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences Vol. 2 (2021): Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Pertanian dan Perikanan
Publisher : UM Purwokerto Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (159.311 KB) | DOI: 10.30595/pspfs.v2i.168

Abstract

The addition of nutrients for garlic plants consists of two type, namely the application of anorganic fertilizers in the form of single fertilizers N, P, K and organic fertilizers such as manure. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right dose of single fertilizer N, P, K and chicken manure. The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Block Design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of 9 treatment combinations consisting of A = 100% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, B = 100% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, C = 100% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure, D = 75% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, E = 75% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, F = 75% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure, G = 50% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, H = 50% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, I = 50% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure. The dose of 100% single fertilizer was SP36 375 kg.ha-1, ZA 1.144 kg.ha-1and KCl 200 kg.ha-1. The type of manure used is chicken manure. The results showed that doses of 75% and 100% of single fertilizer combined with 15 ton.ha-1 resulted in the wet and dry weight of the stover, the diameter and weight of the tubers, which were the same, respectively, the dry weight of the stover 32,57 grams and 39,40 grams, the dry weight of the stover. 17,43 grams and 17,63 grams, tuber diameter 33,09 and 33,13, tuber weight 14,07 grams and 14,30 grams. These results tend to be higher than other treatments. 75% single fertilizer and 15 ton.ha-1 chicken manure can be recommended for fertilization in garlic production.