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Owner Representative Decisions and Risk Drivers of Residential Project Delays Johanes Franata Ginting; Budi Susetyo
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13256

Abstract

General Background: Rapid population growth in Indonesia increases housing demand and pressures residential project schedules. Specific Background: Residential projects require coordination among stakeholders, with the owner’s representative responsible for key project approvals. Knowledge Gap: The role of the owner’s representative in project time performance remains insufficiently studied. Aims: This study examines owner representative decision factors related to schedule performance using SEM-PLS, risk matrix, and SWOT analysis. Results: The model shows strong validity and reliability, with Site, Materials, and Labor identified as the main delay risks. Novelty: The study links owner decision-making with schedule deviation risks through an integrated analytical framework. Implications: Proactive decisions, early site validation, and improved material and labor management are essential to maintain schedule stability in residential construction projects. Highlights: Site conditions, material availability, and workforce factors form the dominant moderate-level delay risks. Measurement model demonstrates strong construct validity and reliability through high AVE and composite reliability values. Strategic positioning in the diversification zone supports Strength–Threats mitigation to control schedule deviation. Keywords: Website Development, Pesantren Profile, Digital Transformation, Usability, Waterfall.
Risk Management Analysis on Implementation Time Performance Using the House of Risk (HoR) Model in Toll Road Construction Projects M. Iqbal Vikri Dzulfikar; Budi Susetyo
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13398

Abstract

General Background: Infrastructure development, particularly toll road construction, plays a critical role in regional transformation and economic growth, yet project delays remain a persistent issue. Specific Background: In Indonesia, approximately 38% of toll road projects experience implementation delays, as observed in the Serang–Panimbang Toll Road Section 3 project, which underwent a significant time extension. Knowledge Gap: Limited knowledge and inadequate coordination in project risk management hinder effective identification and mitigation of delay-causing factors during the implementation phase. Aims: This study aims to analyze risk factors affecting time performance and determine priority mitigation strategies using the House of Risk (HoR) model. Results: The analysis identified 18 risk events and 18 risk agents categorized into technical, managerial, environmental, and external variables, with four dominant risk agents including design inconsistency with soil data, foreign loan dependency, unprepared technical-administrative data, and land acquisition issues. Novelty: The integration of HoR Phase 1 and Phase 2 with expert validation and N-Vivo analysis provides a structured prioritization of risk agents and corresponding preventive actions. Implications: The findings support the development of targeted risk management strategies, including design validation, contractual adjustments, early document preparation, and legal verification, to reduce potential delays and improve project time performance. Highlights: Four dominant risk agents were prioritized based on Aggregate Risk Potential values. Delay causes were grouped into technical, managerial, environmental, and external categories. Preventive actions were ranked using effectiveness-to-difficulty evaluation. Keywords: Freeway, Risk Management, Risk Matrix, Risk Management Strategy