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Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Karbohidrase Cairan Rumen Sapi Asal Rumah Potong Hewan A Budiansyah; B Resmi; K G Wiryawan; D M. T. Soehartono; Y Widyastuti; N Ramli
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The aims of this experiment were to identify carbohydrases in rumen liquor of cattle, and to determine optimum temperature and pH of enzymes, as well as to evaluate the effect of metal ions and chemical substances on enzymes activity. Optimum precipitation of the enzymes from local and imported cattle was reached at the concentration of 60% and 70% of ammonium sulphate, respectively. The enzymes (xylanase, mannanase, and amylase) had optimum temperature in the range of 50-60 °C, except for cellulase from imported cattle which had optimum temperature at 39 oC, optimum pH of the enzymes were 6-7 except for cellulase was at pH 4. The enzymes mostly needed methal ions as activators. EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited activity of cellulase from rumen liquor of local cattle, while enzymes from rumen liquor of imported cattle EDTA inhibited xylanase activity and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited mannanase and amylase activity. Activity of cellulase in rumen liquor of local cattle was higher than those of imported cattle. It is concluded that rumen liquor of imported and local cattles from abbatoir contained cellulase, xylanase, mannase and amylase that most of them had optimum temperature and pH at 50-60 oC and 6-7, respectively, and they needed methal ions as activators. Key words: cattle, rumen liquor, abattoir, enzymes, characterization

Kualitas Nutrisi Silase Berbahan Baku Singkong yang Diberi Enzim Cairan Rumen Sapi dan Leuconostoc mesenteroides S Sandi; E B Laconi; A Sudarman; K G Wiryawan; D Mangundjaja
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the nutrient quality of cassava-based materials silage with cattle rumen liquor enzymes and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as poultry feed. The cassava material was hydrolyzed with cattle rumen liquor enzyme and incubated for 24 hours. The hydrolyzed product was added L. mesenteroides and ensiled in mini silo for 30 days. The experiment was designed in completely randomized design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The result showed that temperature of cassava-based silage ranged from 26 to 30 oC. The flavor was sour and fresh fragrant and changed in color. Addition of cattle rumen liquor enzyme and L. mesenteroides bacteria significantly affected (P < 0.05) pH (3.73-4.86), dry matter(30.14%-43.28%), cyanide (86.71%-96.50%) and crude fiber content (0.78%-5.05%), but gave a fluctuate effect on protein content (-1.92%-2.39%). However, the treatment didnot affect dry matter losses (1.20%-2.66%). It is concluded that nutrient quality of cassava-based silage improved when it was added with cattle rumen liquor enzymes and L. mesenteroides by decreasing crude fiber and cyanide content. The best silage quality was obtained on tuber substrate and it increased protein KDUO (peel+leaves+tuber+tapioca waste) silage. Key words: cassava-based silage, cattle rumen liquor enzymes, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, nutrient quality

Efektivitas Daun Jarak (Jatropha curcass Linn) Sebagai Anticacing Ascaridia galli dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Ayam Lokal S Suharti; K G Wiryawan; R Tiuria; Y Ridwan; S Fitriana; N Sumarni
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 2 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The present experiment was aimed to identify the phytochemical of Jatropha curcas leave extracted with water and methanol as an anthelmintic agent for Ascaridia galli, and its effect on native chicken performance. In vitro study of anthelmintic activity was conducted by counting the number of paralyzed worm dead-body of A. galli during 18 hours in petri dish containing different levels of extract, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v) and compared to the piperazine 0.5% (w/v). Eightteen birds of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken were used for the in vivo study. The treatments were 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% of J. curcass leave extract, and 10% of piperazine using a completely randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Parameters observed were fecal worm egg count, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The results showed that water- and methanol-extracted J. curcas leave had similar composition of secondary metabolite compounds which is high in triterpenoid and steroid contents, respectively. Percentage of paralyzed A. galli was higher (P < 0.01) in water-extracted jatropha leaves. On the contrary, the dead-body percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in the methanol-extracted than that in the control group. In vivo study showed that leave meal significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fecal worm egg count. The leaf meal at the level 16% tended to increase feed consumption, body weight gain, and significantly decreased feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, J. curcas leave meal have anthelmintic activity to A. galli and could improve nutrient utilization of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken by decreasing feed conversion ratio.

Performa Kambing yang Diberi Kulit Buah Kakao Terfermentasi Suparjo Suparjo; K G Wiryawan; E B Laconi; D Mangunwidjaja
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 1 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Utilization of cocoa pod husk (CPH) as feedstuff needs pretreatment to increase its nutrients availability. Bioconversion with Phanerochaete chrysosporium changes its structure by breaking down the linkage between lignin and structural carbohydrates. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the quality of fermented CPH biomass as feed for goats. The experimental treatments i.e.: A= 30% of fresh napier grass (RG) + 50% of dried RG + 20% of concentrate; B= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of dried RG + 40% of concentrate; C= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of CPH + 40% of concentrate; D= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of fermented CPH + 40% of concentrate and E= 30% of fresh RG + 50% of fermented CPH + 20% of concentrate. The treatments were allocated in a randomized block design with three replications. Feed intake, body weight gain and ration efficiency were measured. The use of fermented CPH at the level of 30% had higher (P < 0.05) feed intake (560.33 g day-1), body weight gain (101.79 g head-1 day-1), and feed conversion (5.50) compared to other treatments. In conclusion that the use of 30% fermented CPH in the ration showed the best body weight gain and feed efficiency.

Substitution of Concentrate with Mulberry Leaves in Ongole Grade Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based Diet S Syahrir; K G Wiryawan; A Parakkasi; M Winugroho; A Natsir
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 2 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

An experiment was conducted to assess the substitution of concentrate with mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves combined with rice straw offered to beef cattle. The study used 12 male Ongole grade cattle weighing 217+10.53 kg. Rations consisted of rice straw, mulberry leaves and concentrate. Research was carried out according to completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications for each treatment. The treatments were: P1= 50% rice straw + 50% concentrate; P2= 50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% mulberry; P3= 50% rice straw + 50% mulberry. The results of the study indicated that rumen fermentation in cattlle fed on P2 ration was more effective than those receiving P1 and P3 rations. The fermentation was characterized by a higher production of total VFA and allantoin excretion in the urine. The presence of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) compound of mulberry leaves in the rumen system in treatment P2 and P3 improved digestibility of fiber fractions of rice straw-based rations. Mulberry leaves in rations also accounted for isoacids in the rumen system, which supported the development of cellulolytic bacteria. In conclusion, mulberry leaves containing concentrate had a potency to substitute concentrate when used together with fiber source feed such as rice straw.

In Vitro Digestibility of Ration Containing Different Level of Palm Oil Frond Fermented with Phanerochaetae chrysosporium A Imsya; E B Laconi; K G Wiryawan; Y Widyastuti
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was widely used to delignify agricultural waste product and improve biodegradation of the substrate as animal feed. The experiment was carried out to increase the use of palm oil fronds as a substitute material for napier grass through biodegradation process with P. chysosporium. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used. The treatments were ration containing 60% napier grass (R1), ration containing 40% napier grass and 20% fermented palm oil frond (R2), ration containing 20% napier grass and 40% fermented palm oil frond (R3), ration containing 60% fermented palm oil frond (R4). Fourty percent concentrate was included in all treatment rations. Parameters measured were in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, NH3, TVFA, and ruminal cellulolitic bacteria. Results showed that increasing level of fermented palm oil frond in the ration reduced (P<0.05) digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, N-NH3, TVFA concentration and number of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. It is concluded that fermentation of palm oil frondwith P. chysosporium decrease lignin content by 47.79%, but increasing the fermented palm oil frond in the ration reduces nutrient digestibilities, N-NH3 and TVFA concentrations and rumen cellulolytic bacteria counts. Fermented palm oil frond up to 40% could be used as a substitute for forages in ruminant rations.

Characterization of Bacterial Mannanase for Hydrolyzing Palm Kernel Cake to Produce Manno-oligosaccharides Prebiotics W Utami; A Meryandini; K G Wiryawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 3 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a promising source of prebiotics, since it contains high amount of β-mannan which can be further hydrolyzed to manno-oligasaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic. Therefore, this research was carried out to analyze the capability of a bacterial isolate (A2 isolates) previously isolated from soils sample from around IPB campus to hydrolyze PKC. Based on 16S-DNA analysis, isolate A2 was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis. Mannanase of A2 isolate had an optimum condition at 90 oC and pH 7. Mannanase activity of crude extracts using Locust Bean Gum (LBG) and PKC as substrates were 0.37U/mL and 0.032U/mL, respectively. However, the most favorable production of oligosaccharides based on the degree of polymerization was obtained after 72-h of incubation with the ratio of substrate:enzyme, 1.2:1, on 1.5% PKC as substrate. The manno-oligosaccharides prebio-tic obtained was found to interfere the growth of both lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) and pathogenic microflora (Escherichia coli). E. coli apparently could not use this prebiotic as the carbon sources, in contrast to L. casei. Substitution of carbon source in medium with prebiotics reduced the capability of L. casei to produce organic acids. It is concluded that local A2 isolate (B. borstelensis) produces mannanase which can be used to produce prebiotics from PKC.

Egg Production and Quality of Magelang Duck Fed Diets Containing Different Ratio of Omega 3 : Omega 6 and Organic Zn A Darmawan; K G Wiryawan; . Sumiati
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 3 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The aims of this study were to determine the feeding effect of diets containing different ratio of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and organic Zn on egg production and quality of Magelang duck. A total of 90 ducks of 20 weeks old were randomly divided into 18 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. There were 6 dietary treatments, namely 1) ration without palm oil, fish oil and organic Zn with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 5 (R0), 2) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 1.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R1), 3) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 3 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R2), 4) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 4.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R3), 5) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1: 6 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R4), 6) ration with the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 was 1 : 7.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R5). Observation was carried out for 9 wk. The results showed that the ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1 : 3 and organic Zn (R2) produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest egg production and the lowest egg production was resulted by the dietary treatment without oil and organic Zn. Ration containing the ratio of ω-3 : ω-6 = 1: 3 and organic Zn (R2) significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio to the lowest value and it was significantly different as compared to R0 and R5. It can be concluded that feeding diet containing ω-3 and ω-6 with the ratio of 1:3 + 200 ppm organic Zn improves egg production without decreasing egg quality.

Utilization of Swamp Forages from South Kalimantan on Local Goat Performances T Rostini; L Abdullah; K G Wiryawan; P D.M.H Karti
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Forages in swamp area consist of grass and legumes that have good productivity and nutrient quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the potency of swamp forage on digestibility and performance of goats. There were 24 local male goats aged 10-12 months with initial body weight of 13.10±1.55 kg, allocated into 6 treatments. Those were control (R0): 60% grass and 40% legumes; (R1): 60% swamp forages and 40% concentrate; (R2): 100% swamp forages; (R3): 100% swamp forage hay; (R4): 100% swamp forage silage; (R5): 100% haylage swamp forages. Results showed that silage treatment significantly increased (P<0.05) consumption and digestibility. Swamp forages could be utilized well by preservation (silage, hay, and haylage). Ensilage of swamp forages increased protein content from 13.72% to 14.02%, protein intake (74.62 g/d), dry matter intake (532.11 g/d), nitrogen free extract intake (257.39 g/d), with total body weight gain (3.5 kg) in eight weeks and average daily gain (62.60 g/d). It is concluded that ensilage of swamp forages (R4) is very potential to be utilized as forage source for ruminants such as goats. Key words: body weight, goat, haylage, silage, swamp forage

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