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Karakter Morfologi dan Kimia 18 Kultivar Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Berbiji dan Tanpa Biji Slamet Susanto; Arifah Rahayu; Dewi Sukma; Iswari S. Dewi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Pamelo is one of the oranges species which have variety of form, size, colour and taste. Most of the pamelo cultivars with seeds, while part of it is seedless. The concumen prefer to chose seedles than with seed because they could consume more. The research proposed to know the morphologycal and chemical characteristics of pamelo with seed and seedless. Characteristication done in RGCI and port harvesting laboratory at IPB to the Pamelo come from Sumedang, Pati, Kudus, Magetan, Aceh and Pangkep (South Sulaewsi) in the period of April 2009 until July 2010. The result of research shown that several pamelo seedless cultivars have pyriform, while other with seed have spheroid form. A few fruit from pamelo seedless cultivars have sweet taste until less taste, with pH of its juice vary from 6.2-6.3, except Jawa cultivar which have pH 4 which its total tertiration acid is 0.47- 0.50 g/g, PTT 9.8- 11.0 ( 0brix), PTT/ATT 19,5-25,3. Vitamine C content 38-48.2 mg/100 g and narigin content from 118,3-1063,2 mg/ml, while pamelo with seed have taste sweet acid, with fruit juice pH 3.7 - 4.7, except "red bali 1", which have pH 6.0, ATT 0,35 - 0,59 g/g, PTT 8.7 - 11.3 ( 0brix), PTT/ATT 16.9 - 24.6, vita mine C content 28.6 - 43.8 and narigin content 55.2 - 461.2 mg/ml.

Perbandingan Pola Pita Isoenzim 15 Aksesi Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Berbiji dan Tidak Berbiji dan Hubungan Kekerabatannya Arifah Rahayu; Slamet Susanto; Bambang S. Purwoko; Iswari S. Dewi
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTThere are many pummelo accessions in Indonesia, some of them are seedless. The objective of this work was to compare isoenzyme banding patterns and to assess the genetic similarity of seeded and seedless pummelo accessions. Electrophoresis analysis of proteins extracted from leaf tissues was uti lized to detect polymorphisms i.e. five isoenzymes (esterase (EST), peroxidase (PER), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and aspartate amino transferase (AAT). Based on principal component analysis, characters having the main role in classifying pummelo accessions were MDH (Rf 0.14 and Rf 0.27) and ACP (Rf 0.24 and Rf 0.33). The accessions showed high range genetic similarity (28.6-94.7%), and at similarity coefficient 0.53 they were classified into seeded and seedless groups. It was concluded that isoenzymes can be used as markers in differentiating seeded and seedless pummelo accessions.Key words: genetic similarity, electrophoresis, marker, principal component analysis, polymorphismABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki banyak aksesi pamelo, baik yang berbiji maupun tidak berbiji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pola pita isoenzim dan mengetahui keanekaragaman genetik antar aksesi pamelo berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Analisis isoenzim untuk mendeteksi polimorfisme dilakukan dengan cara elektroforesis menggunakan lima sistem enzim, yaitu esterase (EST), peroksidase (PER), malat dehidrogenase (MDH), asam fosfatase (ACP) dan aspartat amino transferase (AAT). Hasil analisis komponen utama menunjukkan bahwa karakter yang berperan penting dalam pengelompokan aksesi pamelo adalah MDH (Rf 0.14 dan Rf 0.27) dan ACP (Rf 0.24 dan Rf 0.33). Tingkat kesamaan genetik aksesi pamelo berkisar antara 28.6-94.7%, dan pada koefisien kemiripan 0.53 aksesi pamelo dibedakan atas kelompok berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Dengan demikian isoenzim dapat digunakan sebagai penanda dalam membedakan aksesi pamelo berbiji dan tidak berbiji.Kata kunci: kemiripan genetik, elektroforesis, penanda, analisis komponen utama, polimorfisme

Respon Pertumbuhan Kultur In Vitro Jeruk Besar (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) cv. Nambangan terhadap Osmotikum dan Retardan Iswari S. Dewi; Gani S. Jawak; Bambang S. Purwoko; M. Sabda
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTIn vitro conservation has been applied to many species. However, the suppression of explant growth is essential for extending the duration of conservation. The objective of the research was to study in vitro growth response of pummelo cv. Nambangan to conservation medium containing osmotically active compound (osmoticum) or growth suppressant (retardant). Two sets of experiments were conducted using randomized complete design and replicated three times. In vitro shoot with four leaves from pummelo, namely cultivar Nambangan, were used as the plant materials. The treatment in the first experiment was MS + osmoticum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, and 60 g L-1) and in the second experiment was MS + retardant (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg L-1). The resultsindicated that senescence of the leaf was induced by 20, 40, and 60 g L-1of mannitol. The best media in inhibition of growth for pummelo cv. Nambangan was MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. With this media, plant was inhibited but grew normally with green leaf and root.Keywords: mannitol, minimal growth, paclobutrazol, pummelo ABSTRAKKonservasi in vitro sudah banyak dilakukan pada berbagai spesies. Penghambatan pertumbuhansangat penting bagi lamanya tanaman dapat disimpan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan in vitro pamelo cv. Nambangan terhadap media konservasi mengandung osmotikum atau penghambat pertumbuhan (retardan). Dua percobaan dilakukan terpisah menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Tunas hasil perbanyakan in vitro dengan 4 daun, digunakan sebagai eksplan. Perlakuan pada percobaan pertama adalah MS + osmotikum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, 60 g L-1) dan pada percobaan kedua adalah MS + retardan (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3,5 mg L-1). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa daun mengalami senesen oleh perlakuan mannitol. Media yang direkomendasikan untuk konservasi pamelo cv. Nambangan adalah MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. Dengan media tersebut pertumbuhan dihambat, tetapi tetap normal, berakar dengan daun tetap hijau.Kata kunci: mannitol, pertumbuhan minimal, paclobutrazol, pamelo

Induksi Kalus dan Regenerasi Tiga Genotipe Tomat (Solanum lycopersicon L.) melalui Kultur Antera Ratna Ningsih; Bambang S. Purwoko; Muhamad Syukur; Iswari S. Dewi
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTThe aims of this research were to evaluate culture ability of 3 tomato genotypes through their androgenic response in callus induction and regeneration media. Completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and 5 replications were used. Treatments consisted of three genotypes (Tora, Ratna and hybrid variety Permata), six callus induction media in the first phase and three genotypes and two regeneration media. The result showed that hybrid variety Permata had the highest anther culture ability then others genotypes. Permata had the highest percentage of callus induction (27%) followed by Tora (14%) and Ratna (12%). The highest percentage of callus induction was shown in DBMI + 5 mg L-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L-1 NAA media (39.7%) followed by DBMII + 1 mg L-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L-1 NAA media (33.0%). Both genotypes and media gave low percentage of shoot induction. The percentage of shoot induction in hybrid variety Permata was 4.2% while in Tora was 2.1% and Ratna was 0%. The percentage of shoot induction in MS + 25 mg L-1 Zeatin was 2.8% while in MS + 1 mg L-1 Zeatin + 0.125 mg L-1 IAA was 1.4%.Keywords: androgenesis, auxin, cytokinine, in vitro, medium, tomato ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya kultur antera tiga genotipe tomat melalui percobaan induksi pembentukan kalus dan regenerasi tunas. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Bahan tanam yang digunakan ialah tomat varietas Tora, Ratna dan varietas hibrida Permata. Media yang digunakan adalah 6 media induksi kalus dan 2 media regenerasi tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat varietas hibrida Permata memiliki daya kultur antera yang lebih baik dibandingkan genotipe lainnya. Permata memiliki persentase jumlah kalus 27% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Tora (14%) dan Ratna (12%). Media yang paling baik menginduksi kalus adalah media DBMI + 5 mg L-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L-1 NAA (39%) dan DBMII + 1 mg L-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L-1 NAA (33%). Baik genotipe maupun media yang digunakan menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang rendah. Persentase induksi tunas varietas hibrida Permata 4.2% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Tora (2.1%) dan Ratna (0%). Persentase induksi tunas media MS + 0.25 mg L-1 Zeatin (2.8%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan media MS + 1 mg L-1 Zeatin + 0.125 mg L-1 IAA (1.4%).Kata kunci: androgenesis, auksin, in vitro, media, sitokinin, tomat

Evaluasi Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Haploid Ganda Calon Tetua Padi Hibrida terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat dan Hawar Daun Bakteri Iswari S. Dewi; A. Apriana; A. Sisharmini; Ida H. Somantri
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2007): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The susceptibility of introduced hybrid rice to main rice pests and diseases is subject to be improved through the improvement of its parental lines, i.e. restorer and male sterile/cms lines. From previous experiment, through anther culture of F1 from maintainer or restorer crossed to released varieties we obtained doubled haploid spontaneous plants or pure lines. The objectives of this research were to evaluate those doubled haploid plants to brown plant hopper (BPH biotype SU) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) strain IV and VIII. Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES, IRRI) was used to evaluate their resistance to those pest and disease. Plant materials used were a) 15 doubled-haploid plants (DH2) potential as cms lines derived from anther culture of F1 IR58025B x Sintanur and IR62829B x Ciherang; and b) 17 doubled-haploid plants (DH2) potential as restorer lines derived from anther culture of F1 IR53942R x Ciherang and BR827-35R x Sintanur. Bioassay with BPH showed that for plants potential as maintainer lines there were only 3 moderately susceptible lines, while for plants potential as restorer lines there were one resistance line (BioR-Ac-W-HD-15) and one moderately resistance line (BioR-Ac-W-HD-16). The results of bioassay with BLB in lines potential as maintainer were: a). For BLB strain IV we obtained one moderately resistance line (BioM-Ac-W-HD-4), b) For BLB strain VIII we obtained 5 moderately resistance lines (BioM-Ac-W-HD-5, 6, 7, 11 dan 12). Furthermore, the results of bioassay with BLB in lines potential as restorer lines were: a) For BLB strain IV we obtained 2 moderately resistance lines (BioR-Ac-W-HD-15, and 16), b) For BLB strain VIII we obtained 16 moderately resistance lines, i.e. BioR-Ac-W-HD-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, dan 17). All lines will be evaluated further in the field. Key words: doubled-haploid, rice, BPH, BLB

Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Padi: Pengaruh Persilangan dan Aplikasi Putresin Iswari S. Dewi; Bambang S. Purwoko; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Ida H. Somantri
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 2 (2007): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The efficient use of anther culture in crop improvement depends on the success of plant regeneration techniques and the recovery of sufficient number of either green haploid plants that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled yielding homozygous diploid pure lines in first generation. Putrescine, one of growth regulator polyamines, was known as essential factor in embryogenesis on various plant tissues. The objective of this research was to study the effect of crosses and putrescine application on certain stages of culture most efficient in increasing green plant regeneration. The experiment was arranged factorially. The first factor was reciprocal crosses of Taipei 309 to Asemandi and Asemandi to Taipei 309. The second factor was application of putrescine consisted of control (M0: N6 induction medium and MS regeneration medium); M1: N6 induction medium, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine; M2: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium; and M3: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine. The results indicated that the addition of 10-3 M putrescine into callus induction and plant regeneration media was the best in increasing number and percentage of responding anther, callus formation, responding calli, green plants and number of total plants. Rice anther culture efficiency, which was indicated by ratio of green plant to responding calli and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated, was also increased by the addition of 10-3 M putrescine. At that best treatment maternal effect showed in number of calli producing green plantlets, number of green plantlets, and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated. F1 from Taipei309/Asemandi was better than F1 from Asemandi/Taipei30. Key words : Rice, anther culture, putrescine, green plant, reciprocal crosses

Pembentukan Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo dengan Sifat-Sifat Tipe Baru melalui Kultur Antera Reny Herawati; Bambang S. Purwoko; Nurul Khumaida; Iswari S. Dewi; Buang Abdullah
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 36 No. 3 (2008): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The breeding of upland rice with New Plant Type characters in relatively short time can be done by using anther culture technique. The technique has been recognized as a rapid and efficient technology for crop improvement. Plant materials used in this research were F1 crossing P1 (Fatmawati x Way Rarem), P2 (Fatmawati x SGJT-28), P3 (Fatmawati x SGJT-36), P4 (Way Rarem x Fatmawati), P5 (SGJT-28 x Fatmawati), and P6 (SGJT-36 x Fatmawati). Media for calli induction (N6) and regeneration (MS) were according to Dewi methods (2003). The results of this study indicated that P3 (Fatmawati x SGJT-36) and P6 (SGJT-36 x Fatmawati) from resiprocal crosses gave better response in anther culture than the others crosses for their calli induction and green plant regeneration. From the six F1 crosses, 348 (53.5%) spontaneous doubled haploid (DH) pure lines were obtained, six lines from Farmawati x Way Rarem, 13 lines from Fatmawati x SGJT-28, 187 lines from Fatmawati x SGJT-36, three lines from Way Rarem x Fatmawati, five lines from SGJT-28 x Fatmawati, and 134 lines from SGJT-36 x Fatmawati. These lines should be evaluated and characterized for their agronomical and morphological traits. Key words: Anther culture, doubled haploid, callus induction, green plant regeneration

Evaluasi Galur Haploid Ganda Pelestari Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Perakitan Galur Mandul Jantan pada Padi Indrastuti A. Rumanti; Iswari S. Dewi; Bambang S. Purwoko; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 1 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Hybrid rice has been proven to be the key factor to increase food supply in highly populated countries such as China and India. The success has encouraged the government of Indonesia to intensify research and development on hybrid rice using cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility system. The use of good male sterile line is a prerequisite for commercial seed production of hybrid rice. The objective of this research was to evaluate several F1 plants to develop completely sterile cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS) with good agronomic characters. This research was conducted at screen house of Bogor Agricultural University during dry season (DS) of 2007. Fourty eight F1s, derived from testcross between cytoplasmic male sterile sources with doubled-haploid (DH) maintainer lines, were evaluated in randomized complete design using three replications. Observation was done on pollen sterility, panicle and stigma exsertion, plant height, and tillering ability. The results showed 14 F1s were completely sterile (100 % pollen sterility). They were A-2/H36-3-Ma, A-1/H36-3-Mb, A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-3/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-1-Mb, A-3/B1-1-Mb, A-1/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc, and A-3/B4-1-Dc. They also had early flowering date, averaged from 66 - 90 days after planting (DAP). There were other 14 F1s with stigma exsertion more than 70 % and good panicle exsertion, i.e. A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-3-Mc, A-2/H36-3-Mc, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-Db, A-1/B2-1-Dc, A-1/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B2-4-Pb, A-2/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc and A-3/B4-1-Dc. However, only five F1s had all desirable characteristics as male sterile line candidates, such as 100% pollen sterility, good panicle exsertion, high stigma exsertion, semi-dwarf in plant height and good tillering ability. They were A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-1/B4-1-Dc, A-3/B4-1-Dc. Key words: Doubled-haploid maintainer lines, CMS, pollen sterility, hybrid rice

Kultur Antera untuk Mendukung Program Pemuliaan Tanaman Padi Iswari S. Dewi; Bambang S. Purwoko
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 29 No. 2 (2001): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The Objectives of rice breeding program in Indonesia is to obtain high yielding varieties, tolerant, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress and appropriate to planting system in specific area. To accelerate the obtainment of the varieties, a combination of conventional and no conventional breeding method can be used. One alternative procedure is anther culture. Doubled haploid lines can be obtained through cholchicine treatment or rattooning of haploid plants. Plants with high heterozygositas (F1 or F2) can be used as anther source to obtain genetic variability of doubled haploid plants. High degree of homozigousity can be obtained at the first (DHO) generation of doubled haploid plants, less than on year. Evaluation of agronomic characters follows m DHI and DH2 generations. Compared to conventional methods, the use of anther culture in rice breeding program has several advantages including efficiency of selection process, reduction of cost, time and labor. Effort to optimize anther culture method and its rize in rice breeding program in Indonesia is discussed. Key words: Anther culture, Rice

THERAPY CYCLING TO ELIMINATE HIGH-TITERED, MULTIPLE VIRUS INFECTION IN VITRO POT A TO PLANTLETS Iswari S. Dewi; Steven A. Slack
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 22 No. 2 (1994): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

A protocol for treatment of in vitro potato plantlets to eliminate systemic viruses was established. Efficiency decreased, however, for selected genotypes when a virus was high-titered and/or multiple viruses existed Modified nodal cutting (Mncs =

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