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Article Review: Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Rhinitis Medikamentosa Rahmi Zuraida; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.692

Abstract

Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) is a condition caused by overuse of nasal decongestants. This can be seen when patients use topical decongestants for more than 5 consecutive days and are accompanied by symptoms of persistent nasal congestion and secretions. The term rhinitis medicamentosa is also called rebound or chemical rhinitis. In addition, rhinitis medicamentosa is also a term for nasal congestion after using drugs other than topical decongestants. These drugs are antihypertensives, antipsychotics, PDE5 inhibitors, analgesics, hormones, and miscellaneous. However, there are differences in the mechanism through which congestion is caused by topical nasal decongestants and oral medications. Very few prospective rhinitis medicamentosa studies have been conducted and most of the knowledge about the condition comes from case reports and histological studies. Histologic changes consistent with rhinitis medicamentosa include nasociliary loss, squamous cell metaplasia, epithelial edema, epithelial cell denudation, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Because the cumulative dose of nasal decongestants or the length of time needed to start rhinitis medicamentosa has not been definitively determined, these medications should only be used for the shortest period needed. Validated criteria need to be developed and further tests also need to be carried out to establish a better diagnosis. Stopping nasal decongestant use is the first line of treatment for rhinitis medicamentosa. If necessary, intranasal glucocorticosteroids should be used to speed recovery.
Penegakan Diagnosa dan Tatalaksana Severe Dry Eyes pada Pasien Steven Johnson Syndrome Aulia Nur Fitriatsani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.695

Abstract

Severe dry eyes or what can be called as severe dry eyes is a disease that is often encountered and could be happen to anyone. This disease is a multifactorial disease and is more common in women than men. Risk factors that can cause dry eyes are classified into several categories, namely individuals, environment, chronic disease, autoimmune disease, drugs, and history of injury. One of the factors that causes dry eyes, namely the use of drugs both topical and systemic drugs. The use of five or more drugs simultaneously can increase the risk of dry eyes. One disease that can trigger severe dry eyes in Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS). SJS is a form of skin and mucous membrane disease caused by the body’s hypersensitivity reaction to a drug or infection. After the damage caused by the acute stage begins to subside, there will be severe visual disturbances and severe dry eyes. In the acute stage, ocular complications occur in 77% of SJS patients. Severe dry eyes can reduce the patient’s quality of life because it can interfere with vision, especially during daily activities. Severe dry eyes in SJS patients involve three important mechanisms, namely tear deficiency, decrease corneal surface moisture, and increase evaporation processes. Treatment of dry eyes can be given with artificial tears and stop using drugs that trigger dry eyes or replace drugs with other drugs. It is important to suppress chronic inflammation of the ocular surface and 2% rebamipide opthalmic solution can help restore stability to the ocular surface.. contact lenses can also be used to improve the patient’s visual acuity and reduce the symptoms associated with severe dry eyes.
Penegakan Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Retinopati Hipertensi Maria Devi; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.697

Abstract

Hypertension is a global health problem that requires good management. Hypertension is also commonly known as silent killer because it often arises in patients without any symptoms or complaints. There are several factors that affect the prevalence of hypertension such as race, age, obesity, high salt intake, and a history of hypertension in the family. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that in 2019 the prevalence of world hypertension sufferers is 22% of the total world population, and more than four thirds of those with hypertension do not make attempts to control blood pressure that causes hypertension complications. Blood vessels and the retina are highly suggestible structures when a patient suffers from hypertension, one of the target organs of complications of hypertension is the eye, prolonged and uncontrollable hypertension can trigger sclerosis in small blood vessels, the subtle changes in the retinal arteries that are then hardened by hypertension known as hypertensive retinopathy. Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy have no visible symptoms at the beginning, but in some cases the general symptoms often associated with hypertensive retinopathy are those of headaches and eye pain. A vascularization of the retina as a result of hypertension if untreated, would become retinal hypertension, leading to a serious complication of blindness. The higher the blood pressure of people and the longer hypertension continues to cause greater damage. Keyword: Hipertension, hypertensive retinopathy, diagnose, management
Dakriosistitis Muhamad Zaidan Algifari; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.698

Abstract

Dacryocystitis is characterized by inflammation of the nasolacrimal sac. This is due to obstruction within the nasolacrimal duct and stagnation of tears in the lacrimal sac. Obstruction that occurs in the nasolacrimal duct can cause secondary infection in the form of dacryocystitis. Obstruction that occurs at an early age is caused by the nasolacrimal membrane not opening, whereas in adults it is due to pressure on the nasolacrimal duct. The most common organisms found in dacryocystitis are staphylococcal species (mostly S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. epidermidis). Symptoms found in dacryocystitis are redness, swelling, and pain above the lacrimal sac, especially just below the anatomical boundary of the medial canthal ligament. Conservative therapy is carried out by applying warm compresses 3 times a day, given analgesics and oral antibiotic therapy. The most common surgical procedure for dacryocystitis is Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). DCR has been reported to be over 93% to 97% successful. Complications that can occur as a result of not being handled properly are presptal cellulitis or orbital cellulitis. In general, the prognosis for dacryocystitis is good.
ARTICLE REVIEW DETEKSI DINI AMBLIOPIA Nabila Yoli Rahmadani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.700

Abstract

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of vision. It is caused by failure of visual cortical development in one or both eyes due to congenital abnormalities early in life. Amblyopia occurs early in life when the developing visual system fails to transmit sharp images to the visual cortex. It can be caused by media opacities, cataracts, strabismus, or an anisometropic refractive error that places one eye at a developmental disadvantage in the other. Amblyopia is the leading cause of monocular vision loss in children, with an estimated prevalence of 1% to 6% and is responsible for permanent vision loss in 2.9% of adults. In general, amblyopia does not cause symptoms, so it is very important to perform visual function screening to detect the risk of developing amblyopia. Accurate screening methods that pediatricians, family care practitioners, nurses, or community organizations can use can identify amblyopia at a time when treatment is most effective, so amblyopia can be treated more effectively when detected early. This paper uses the article review method using sources such as journals and books. The purpose of this writing is to find out the steps for early detection of amblyopia. The results of this paper found that early detection can be done by visual screening consisting of risk history factors and visual acuity abnormalities (preferential search techniques (Teller acuity cards, Cardiff acuity tests), fixation preference tests or image charts (Kay charts and Lea symbols). and Photoscreening) in children aged 3-5 years. The conclusion obtained is that early amblyopia screening can help with treatment and a better prognosis.
Tinjauan Pustaka: Klasifikasi dan Tatalaksana Trauma Aurikuler Aurora Awindya Nareswari; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.702

Abstract

The auricle is the outermost part of the ear so it is very susceptible to injury. Injury or trauma to the auricles can occur intentionally or unintentionally, with the most common causes being accidents, bullet injuries, frostbites, burns, animal bites, and others. Some types of activities have a high risk of experiencing this type of trauma such as wrestling, boxing, and soccer. The most common types of trauma to the auricle are abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, and auricular hematomas. Auricular lacerations can be caused by a hard blow with a blunt object, an incision from a sharp object such as a knife, an accident, and others. Meanwhile, an auricular hematoma is an abnormal condition due to trauma to the auricle which causes a buildup of blood between the cartilage and perichondrium. If not treated or treated late, this condition can lead to fibrosis of the cartilage and the formation of neocartilage, then ends with cauliflower ear which can cause drastic changes in the auricles. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of auricular trauma must be carried out appropriately and adequately so as not to cause discomfort to the patient due to its effect on the patient's appearance.
Rhinitis Alergi: Etiologi, Patofisiologi, Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Indah Kurnia Putri Waruwu; Isabela Irene Pangestu; Syalwa Meutia; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.705

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease that is triggered by the occurrence of allergic reactions in patients with atopy who have previously been sensitized to the same allergen and the release of a chemical mediator when there is repeated exposure to that specific allergen which causes an inflammatory reaction in the patient. Rhinitis which is triggered by an allergic reaction to an allergen is one of the cases of nasal inflammation found in all human races. The incidence of rhinitis is more common, especially in children with male gender. The incidence of rhinitis that occurs in children will decrease with increasing age of these children. In adulthood, the incidence of rhinitis can be said to decrease and is rarely found. Even though allergic rhinitis has a course of disease, clinical manifestations that are not too dangerous for the patient's condition, this disease can still experience recurrences if the triggering allergen is not removed. This recurrence cannot be allowed to continue to occur because over time it will become a chronic symptom which can trigger various complications and also decrease the quality of life of sufferers. Adequate management and avoidance of triggering allergens are the main steps to avoid recurrence of allergic rhinitis.
Gambaran Umum Lagoftalmus Fityah Zabrina Hidayat; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.708

Abstract

Lagophthalmos is a disorder of the eyelids that cannot close completely. Lagophthalmos causes the eyes to remain open and unable to blink, this causes the eyes to have no protection so they can be exposed and leading them to evaporating the tears. The impact that arises is damage to the layers of the eye and will continue to get worse if it is not treated immediately. Lagophthalmos has many etiologies. Nevertheless, the main cause of lagophthalmos is facial nerve paralysis (N.VII) which is also known as paralytic lagophthalmos, damage to the eyelids which is called cicatricial lagophthalmos, and lagophthalmos during sleep which is called nocturnal lagophthalmos. Diagnosis can be established by anamnesis and physical examination results. The patient will complain of a foreign object in the eye, as well as a feeling of soreness, the eye can be watery or dry, and if lagophthalmos is accompanied by damage to the cornea, blurry vision can be found. On physical examination, a gap will be found between the upper and lower eyelids when the patient tries to close his eyes. Physical examination and laboratory tests can also be used to determine the etiology of lagophthalmos and rule out the differential diagnosis. Other physical examinations that can be carried out are function tests of all cranial nerves and corneal sensitivity tests. Treatment for lagophthalmos is divided into pharmacology and surgery according to the severity of the disease. There are also preventive efforts made to relieve symptoms and prevent the severity of the disease with education.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Obat Kortikosteroid Terhadap Kejadian Glaukoma Akut Siti Shafira Elfreda; Rani Himayani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.731

Abstract

Based on 2015 data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study, around 36 million people in the world or the global population are blind, 12.6 million of them are caused by cataracts, 7.4 million due to refractive disorders, and 2.9 million due to glaucoma. Corticosteroids are an anti-inflammatory class that is usually used in ocular and anterior segment disorders. When taking steroid drugs systemically or using them topically, periocular, or by inhalation, there will usually be an impact in the form of an increase in intraocular pressure which will show the effect within 3-6 weeks after use. This research was conducted as a type of literature review to collect data relevant to the material currently being studied, namely steroid-induced glaucoma. The results of the study showed that Steroid Induced Glaucoma is an eye disorder caused by steroid consumption and are the most common cause of irreversible blindness. This eye disorder is caused by systemic, inhaled, intranasal, or topical steroid induction which can cause an increase in IOP within several months. Treatment that can be recommended for patients to treat this case is with medication in the form of beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It is also recommended for operative procedures such as lasers, tube shunts and cyclo-destructive procedures.
Serumen Prop sebagai Faktor Risiko Tuli Konduktif Ganesha Rahman Hakim; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.732

Abstract

Cerumen is a secretion found in the external auditory canal to protect the ear. Wax buildup or cerumen prop is one of the most common ear problems in the world. Deafness is a decrease in hearing even to the inability of the ears to hear. Conductive hearing loss is a type of deafness that occurs due to obstruction in the process of transmitting sound vibrations starting from the auricle to the hearing bone and ends before the vibrations are received by the auditory nerve. The impaction of cerumen on the cerumen prop can inhibit the vibration process so that hearing loss can occur. Because hearing loss occurs in the process of transmitting sound vibrations, therefore this process of hearing loss is classified as conductive hearing loss.
Co-Authors Adinda Husna Cahyana Almaina Puteri Jasmine Almaina Ardian Reza Putra Arfa Salma Firnandya Aulia Nur Fitriatsani Aurora Awindya Nareswari Azizah Nur Rahmah Cholyviona W.S Handhayani Daffa Fahreiza Diki Prawira Adifa Faiq Razaan Razaan Farhandika Muhammad Fityah Zabrina Hidayat Ganesha Rahman Hakim Helmi Ismunandar Indah Kurnia Putri Waruwu Isabela Irene Pangestu jefri irawan Mafalda Marzon Maria Devi Maula Al Farisi Meilisa Hidayah Putri Muhamad Zaidan Algifari Muhammad Ammar Naufal Nabila Yoli Rahmadani Rafi Gutra Aslam Rahmi Zuraida Ratna Dewi Puspita Sari Reisyah Syahfira Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu Siti Shafira Elfreda Syalwa Meutia