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Kemampuan Aktinomiset Menghambat Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii dan Pembiakannya pada Medium Serbuk Gergaji Nurul Widyanti; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Antagonistics microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, are potential biological control agents for plant diseases. Mass culture of actinomycetes to provide enough inoculum for field application is sometimes costly. Therefore alternative medium with simple preparation and relatively less costly is required for mass culture of actinomycetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the ability of 4 actinomycetes isolates, i.e. APS 7, APS 9, APS 12, and ATS 5, in suppressing growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro and to assess the growth of actinomycetes in alternatif medium containing organic wastes, i.e sawdust and bran. Among 4 tested isolates of actinomycetes only APS 7 showed its potency as biocontrol agents for S. rolfsii with growth suppression rate of 91.73% after 3 weeks incubation. In general, both sawdust and bran has the potency as culture medium for APS 7. After 8 weeks incubation period the average population of actinomycetes grew in culture medium containing sawdust and bran was 335 x 106 cfu/g and 331 x 106 cfu/g, respectively.Key words: biocontrol agents, bran, organic waste

Kompatibilitas Bacillus spp. dan Aktinomiset sebagai Agens Hayati Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Padi Candra Putra; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 10 No 5 (2014)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important disease on rice. The bacteria is seed borne and survives for a long time in the seed. Some beneficial microbes, such as Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes has been reported as biocontrol agents for the disease. The objectives of the research was to select isolates of actinomycetes as biocontrol agents for X. oryzae pv. oryzae which is also compatible with Bacillus spp. by seed application. Actinomycetes isolated from soil was selected using dual culture method on agar medium and on growing medium composing of mixture of soil and manure (1:1 w/w). Three isolates out of 16 isolated actinomycetes, i.e. APS 7, APS 9, and APS 12 showed antagonistic activities against X. oryzae pv. oryzae and compatible with Bacillus spp. Both Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes was applied to rice seed variety Ciherang using seed coating method in formulation containing rice husk. Actinomycetes treatment using APS 9 isolate was able to suppress population of X. oryzae pv. oryzae by (88.89%) and induce crown growth by 36.13%. The highest percentage of seedling emergence was obtained on combination treatment of B12 + APS 7 and single treatment of APS 9, i.e. 83.33% and 79%, respectively and significantly different with those of control treatment (56.67%). Application of Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes on rice seed was able to suppress population of X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice seedling and induce rice growth.

Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Bakterisida untuk Menekan Infeksi Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii pada Benih Jagung Manis Suswi Nalis; Gede Suastika; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 11 No 4 (2015)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Stewart’s Wilt is an important bacterial disease of sweet corn caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (synonim Erwinia stewartii). This bacteria is a seed transmitted pathogen therefore seed treatment is one method to control stewart’s wilt. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of dry heat, bactericide treatment, and their combinations to eliminate P. stewartii subsp. stewartii infection on sweet corn seed without damaging seed quality. The research was conducted in 3 experiments. Experiment I was conducted to determine the treatment window of dry heat and bactericide treatment. The treatment was carried out on sweet corn seed using the P. stewartii subsp. stewartii in vitro. Experiment II was conducted to study dry heat and bactericide treatment on sweet corn seed infested by P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. Experiment III was conducted to study combination of dry heat and bactericide treatment on sweet corn seed infested by P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. The results showed that dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 24 hours was able to eliminate pathogen populations in vitro but was unable to eliminate the 128 pathogen on infected seed (in vivo). Germination tests indicated that seed treatments with dry heat up to 55 °C did not decrease the germination level. The use of bactericide treatment in 100 ppm could reduce the population of bacteria on sweet corn seeds. Bactericide concentration of 150 and 200 ppm could decrease the population of bacteria on sweet corn seeds, however it could cause phytotoxic effect. The combination of bactericide (100 ppm, w/v) ) with dry heat treatment (55 °C for 24 hours) was able to eliminate bacteria on infected seed with seed germination above 85%.

Pelet Bakteri Probiotik untuk Biokontrol Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan Viabilitas Benih Padi Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika; Eny Widajati; Wawan Hermawan; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Probiotic bacteria collection from the rice plant tissue (i.e. endophytic 467 and endophytic 748 isolates), the rhizosphere (Ralstonia pickettii TT47) and that from the ground (actinomycetes 6) has been reported as biocontrol agents. The effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria to suppress Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathogen in rice seed has not been known thoroughly. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria in maintaining viability of rice seeds infected by X. oryzaepv. oryzae. A dual culture method was used to test the antagonistic activities between probiotic bacteria and X. oryzaepv. oryzae. Isolates R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 showed antagonistic activities against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Among them, only endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 that showed compatibility. Pellet formulation (talc + CMC 1.5% + glycerol 1%) contain actinomycetes 6 singly or combination with endophytic 467 in infected Ciherang rice seed was able to suppress population X. oryzaepv. oryzae as long as 6 weeks storage. While, the highest percentage of seed germination and seedling growth rate during 6 weeks storage was obtained on pellet formulation with R. pickettii TT47, i.e. 86.67% and 17.17% etmal-1 respectively and significantly different with infected nonpelleted rice seed (62.67% and 11.02% etmal-1). In conclusion, the application of probiotic bacteria R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 in pellet formulation was effective to decrease X. oryzaepv. oryzae and maintain viability of infected rice seed in 6 weeks storage.

Potensi Ochrobactrum intermedium - C939A31, Klebsiella oxytoca - C939A32, Bacillus subtilis- I308A32 Asal Tanaman Kopi untuk Mengendalikan Nematoda Luka Akar Pratylenchus coffeae Dwi Halimah; Abdul Munif; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Infection of root lession nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, becomes an important factor causing yield loss in coffee production in Indonesia. Biological control of P. coffeae needs to be developed to meet the requirement of environmentally save crop production. The research was conducted to evaluate 3 selected endophytic bacteria isolates, Ochrobactrum intermedium DSQ5, Klebsiella oxytoca NGB-FR 50, and Bacillus subtilis AIMST 10.T18.1, from coffee in controlling P. coffeae. Research methods involved pathogenicity test based on hypersensitive reaction and haemolysis test, and evaluation of their ability to suppress P. coffeae in vitro and in planta. The hypersensitive and haemolysis reactions indicated that these 3 isolates showed negative result both to plant and human. In vitro assays showed that two isolates, K. oxytoca - C939A32 and O. intermedium - C939A3, could suppress P. coffeae populations by 66.7% and 100%. Those results correlated positively with in planta assay’s result.

Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Penginduksi Ketahanan Padi terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri Ida Parida; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 6 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the major problems in rice production in Indonesia. One of the control measures for the disease is by the utilization of endophytic bacteria. This study was aimed to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of rice in inducing plant resistance to bacterial leaf blight on rice. Screening of endophytic bacteria showed that 370 isolates have good viability and have different colony morphology. Among them, 7 isolates were able to induce resistance and 1 isolate was able to promote the growth of rice in the nursery. However, only 8 isolates did not cause hypersensitive reaction on tobacco plants. The selected isolates of endophytic bacteria were further examined for their ability to induce resistance of rice in greenhouse experiments. Observation involved several variables, i.e. PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, peroxidase enzyme activity, incubation period, and disease progression. Seven isolates of endophytic bacteria were able to induce PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, 4 isolates were able to increase peroxide enzyme activity, 4 isolates could prolong the incubation period, and 2 isolates can inhibit the development of disease. However, only EB4 451 isolate was consistently able to induce PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, increased peroxide enzyme activity, prolonged incubation period, and suppressed the progression of the disease. The EB4 451 isolate was identified based on nucleotide sequence as Bacillus subtilis.

Deteksi dan Identifikasi Ditylenchus dipsaci dari Umbi Bawang Putih Impor Elmi Muliya; Supramana Supramana; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 14 No 6 (2018)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Detection and Identification of Ditylenchus dipsaci from Imported Garlic BulbsImportation rate of garlic (Allium sativum) increased significantly in Indonesia lately. This situation may lead to the introduction and spread of quarantine pests, one of them is bulbborne nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. This research is aimed to detect and identify the presence of D. dipsaci on imported garlic bulb from China. Samples of garlic bulbs were taken from imported garlic through Tanjung Priok Sea Port, North Jakarta, within importation period from August to December 2017. Nematode extraction was performed by modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode identification was carried out based on the D. dipsaci key morphological characters and morphometry according to de Man formula. This nematode was successfully detected from 20% of garlic bulbs samples based on morphological characteristics, i.e. slender body shape, body length between 0.56 until 1 mm, well-defined stylet (10-13 mm in length), posterior valve between oesophagus and intestine is not overlapping, median bulb obvious with oval shape, and the tail was conoid with a pointed terminus. The findings of D. dipsaci is an important fact because these nematodes have the potential to cause damage to plants in the field.

The Relationship Between Soil Fertility and Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Plantations Evan Purnama Ramdan; Arief Hartono; Giyanto Giyanto; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Widodo Widodo
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 7 No 1 (2023): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/agrosainstek.v7i1.384

In oil palm, Ganoderma boninense causes stem rot disease, which is often difficult to control, and soil fertility status is related to the ecology of G. boninense as a soil-borne pathogen. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between soil fertility and stem rot disease as well as appropriate management methods to control the disease. This was carried out at the Nusantara Plantation Company's 7, Unit Kiwah Rejosari-Pematang from June 2021 to January 2022. The determination of observation blocks was carried out selectively using three blocks of land attacked by Ganoderma boninense with the same criteria for the year of planting and the same soil type. Each block consists of five plots. Each plot consisted of five sub-plots, consisting of 3 oil palms for disease severity assessment and soil sampling. The soil for each subplot was composed of 15 samples, which were analyzed for physical and chemical properties of the soil. Determination of fertility status based on the soil research manual published by the Indonesian Bogor Soil Research Center with parameters from the analysis results. The limiting factor for fertility is the cation exchange capacity of the soil, which ranges from 10.07 meq/100 g to 17.68 meq/100 g, and the C-organic content, which ranges from 0.40 to 1.15%. According to chi-square analysis, this fertility-limiting factor is related to disease severity. Therefore, management needs to be done by adding organic matter to the soil, practicing organic or inorganic fertilization, and following the principles of cultivating healthy oil palm plants.

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