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All Journal Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JURNAL AGRICA Journal of Saintech Transfer Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal Journal of Integrated Agribusiness Journal Of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Sustainability Perspectives Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora
Diana Chalil
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Beyond Fertilizers and Labor: Understanding Socioeconomic Drivers of Technical Efficiency Among Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers Tengku Dede Rachma Sari; Diana Chalil; Lindawati Lindawati
Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Vol 3 No 2 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss2pp276-294

Abstract

The productivity of independent smallholder oil palm farmers remains significantly lower than that of corporate plantations, despite operating under similar agroecological conditions. This study aims to analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing technical efficiency among independent smallholders, focusing on the roles of education, farming experience, access to extension services, and household income. Using a quantitative explanatory design, the research applies the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model based on primary survey data from 125 smallholders in Dolok Masihul District, North Sumatra. Data were analyzed using Frontier 4.1 and STATA through a one-step procedure to assess the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on inefficiency. Results show an average technical efficiency of 0.78, suggesting a 22% potential output increase through better resource utilization. Land size and fertilizer use significantly enhance productivity, while labor and seed type exhibit moderate effects. Farming experience, education, and extension access significantly reduce inefficiency, whereas age and household size have no notable influence. The study’s novelty lies in integrating an econometric model with a sociological perspective, demonstrating that smallholder efficiency is shaped by social capacities rather than agronomic factors alone. It advances a socio-econometric framework for understanding smallholder productivity and recommends policy interventions emphasizing human capital, farmer education, and community-based extension systems to foster sustainable rural development.
Co-Authors Cyntia Dwi Permata Deasy Arryannur Siregar Emalisa Emalisa Evand, Yogi Hutajulu, Petrus Oktavianus Ketut Sukiyono LINDAWATI Lindawati Lindawati M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Nababan, Ester Sorta Mauli Rahmanta Ginting Riantri Barus, Riantri Saprina Saprina Saragih, Ika Rosalia Satia Negara Sembiring, Pramio Garson Sidique, Shaufique F Sidique, Shaufique F. Simanjuntak, Kartika Damayanti Sofyan, Rudy Sri Fajar Ayu Surya Abadi Sembiring Tengku Dede Rachma Sari Tulus Warsito, Edy Warsito Widari, Tenni Sri