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Reduction in Toxicity of Tectoquinone against Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe termites Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2020): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2020.11.2.58-64

The cause of low toxicity against Reticulitermes speratusKolbe termite species of teakwood under natural condition was investigated. Anti-termite test was conducted to evaluate the effectivity of four major components (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, tecomaquinone, and squalene) of ethanol-benzene extracts in the teak heartwood. Tectoquinone exhibited both strong toxicity and antifeedancy as well as it was far superior to other components. The strength reduction of tectoquinone bioactivity is assumed due to interaction with other major components. As squalene was found in considerable amounts or 1.8 to 13.1 times as high as the tectoquinone concentration in woods, termite feeding was set to the mixtures of tectoquinone and squalene in various ratios (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20). It was revealed that squalene addition could decrease the termite mortality 15% to 44% from its initial value (tectoquinone only). On the other hand, the mixtures reduced mass loss due to termite attacks only to a small degree.

Black streak discolorations in the heartwood of teak (Tectona grandis) may lead to considerable economic loss. Unfortunately, the actual properties of the discolored wood remain unknown as yet. In this paper, the influence of wood extractives on black streaked heartwood color was evaluated by successive solvent extraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and hot-water) and color measurement (CIELab system). The change in color co-ordinates, difference in brightness (DL*), difference in redness Ganis LUKMANDARU
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Black streak discolorations in the heartwood of teak (Tectona grandis) may lead to considerable economic loss. Unfortunately, the actual properties of the discolored wood remain unknown as yet. In this paper, the influence of wood extractives on black streaked heartwood color was evaluated by successive solvent extraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and hot-water) and color measurement (CIELab system). The change in color co-ordinates, difference in brightness (DL*), difference in redness (Da*), and difference in yellowness (Db*), between sucessively extracted and control sample was also calculated. Color of black streaked heartwood changed by any solvents, whereas n-hexane and ethyl acetate extractions apparently increased the brightness L* values. Extraction with methanol and hot water slightly affected the color differences. However, some differences were still observed in the color properties between the black streaked and normal heartwood, indicating that some substances are polymeric and tightly bound to the cell wall matrix. Some quinones : tectoquinone, tectol, lapachol, desoxylapachol and its isomer, were detected as major compounds by means of GC-MS in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble extracts. The involvement of those compounds, thus, to the blackening heartwood should be investigated in the future studies. Keywords : Tectona grandis, black streak, color, extractives

Reduction in Toxicity of Tectoquinone against Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe termites Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2020): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2020.11.2.58-64

The cause of low toxicity against Reticulitermes speratusKolbe termite species of teakwood under natural condition was investigated. Anti-termite test was conducted to evaluate the effectivity of four major components (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, tecomaquinone, and squalene) of ethanol-benzene extracts in the teak heartwood. Tectoquinone exhibited both strong toxicity and antifeedancy as well as it was far superior to other components. The strength reduction of tectoquinone bioactivity is assumed due to interaction with other major components. As squalene was found in considerable amounts or 1.8 to 13.1 times as high as the tectoquinone concentration in woods, termite feeding was set to the mixtures of tectoquinone and squalene in various ratios (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20). It was revealed that squalene addition could decrease the termite mortality 15% to 44% from its initial value (tectoquinone only). On the other hand, the mixtures reduced mass loss due to termite attacks only to a small degree.

KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH KULIT KACANG TANAH DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT DENGAN PELARUT ASAP CAIR Agus Ngadianto; Ganis Lukmandaru; Dhuria Maulidya Sari; Utari Mardatillah; Dera Fara Fitria
Jurnal Belantara Vol 1 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Forestry Study Program University Of Mataram

Binderlessboard is one of the potential eco friendly products that can be developed. Utiliation of natural adhesives for non-wood composite is still very limited. Therefore, this research is focused on effects of citric acid content and pressing time on characteristics of particleboard made from peanut shell including its durability to dry wood termite attacks. Peanut shell particles were used as raw materials. Citric acid dissolved in liquid smoke which functioned as a water substitute solvent under a certain ratio and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 60%. The use of liquid smoke is expected to increase the durability of the particleboard. Factors used in this research were citric acid content (10-30% based on dry weight particles) and pressing time (10 minutes and 15 minutes). Properties of particleboard were analyed based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The dry wood termite resistance was then analyzed for its weight loss and mortality after 4 weeks. The results showed that the best particleboard was obtained from the treatment of 30% citric acid content with 15 minutes of pressing time where only the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity did not met the requirement of JIS A 5908 type 8 with the thickness swelling were 3.276%, water absorption were 44,991%, internal bonding were 4.679 kgf / cm², modulus of rupture were 26.822 kgf / cm², and modulus of elasticity were 8,986,058 kgf / cm². The best value of weight loss and mortality of dry wood termites on particleboard was obtained in a combination of 30% citric acid content with 10 minutes pressing time were 1.083% and 38.67% respectively.

DISTRIBUTION OF CERTIFIED WOOD TEAK WOOD MACHINING PROPERTIES AS EXPORT FURNITURE MATERIALS: Sebaran Sifat Pemesinan Kayu Jati Hutan Rakyat Bersertifikasi Sebagai Bahan Mebel Ekspor Sushardi; T.A. Prayitno; Y. Suranto; Ganis Lukmandaru
HUTAN TROPIKA Vol 16 No 1 (2021): Volume 16 Nomor 1 Tahun 2021
Publisher : Jurusan Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36873/jht.v16i1.2963

Pengujian sifat pemesinan kayu jati hutan rakyat menjadi sangat penting untukmendapatkan informasi penggunaannya sebagai bahan baku mebel kualitas ekspor.Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan lokasi dan umur tanaman terhadapsifat pemesinan kayu jati hutan rakyat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di hutan rakyat jatitersertifikasi pada umur 6, 8 dan 10 tahun. Pengujian sifat pemesinan dilakukan menurutmetode ASTM D1666-87. Penelitian menggunakan analisis varian program SPSS 20.0dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jati hutan rakyat di lokasi Nglipar,Playen dan Dlingo dan umur pohon 6, 8 dan 10 tahun menghasilkan sifat pemesinan yangberbeda sangat nyata, dengan kualitas kelas mutu I dan sifat pemesinan sangat baik,kecuali di lokasi Dlingo dan umur 6 tahun dengan kelas mutu II dan sifat pemesinan baik.Sifat pemesinan jati hutan rakyat mempunyai nilai bebas cacat penyerutan 79.86 – 87.97%, pembentukan 80.96 - 90.06 %, pemboran 80.34 -89.85 % dan pengampelasan 80.19-94.47 %.Kata kunci : Hutan jati rakyat, pemesinan, penyerutan, pembentukan, pemboran,pengampelasan

Bioaktivitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Batang Mahkota Dewa (The Bioactivity and Antioxidant Activity of Stem Extracts of Mahkota Dewa) Ganis Lukmandaru; Anisa A Gazidy
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.] is commonly used by Indonesian for medicinal purposes. This study elucidated the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of mahkota dewa stem and extractive compound analysis. The base part stem powder of 40 mesh was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot-water. The analysis of extractive compound consisted of identification of secondary metabolites by chemical reaction, colorimetric, and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bioactivity experiments involved antitermitic test to dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) and brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The analysis of extractive compound by qualitative method showed that terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, and saponin were detected. Further, the quantitative analysis showed the low level of total phenolic compound while flavonoids were not detected. GC-MS analysis showed that the 11 main components was dominated by fatty acid methyl esters. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were toxic to dry-wood termites (termites mortality of 41-95%) and exhibited the lowest weight loss of paper disc (0.37-1.60 mg). BSLT showed that all fractions were highly toxic (LC50 ≤30 ppm). DPPH method gave the level of antioxidant activity in relatively low inhibition values (7.59-18.12%).

Antifungal Activities of Certain Components of Teak Wood Extractives Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The present research was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of teak (Tectona grandis) extracts and their components against Trametes versicolor, Fomitopsis palustris, Rhizopus oryzae, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Chaetomium globosum. In this study, wood meal of 72 years old teak heartwood was successively refluxed with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Bioassay-guided investigation by measuring the growth rate of each fungus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium led to the fractionation of n-hexane soluble extract. Column chromatographic fractionations resulted in the isolation of tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, squalene and an unknown compound (C1). The n-hexane and EtOAc extracts were potent mycelial growth inhibitors for R. oryzae (76-78%) and C. cladosporioides (65-73%), while MeOH extract had higher antifungal activities against both T. versicolor (80.2%) and C. globosum (83.3%). In the compound levels, the results were varied, in which deoxylapachol could inhibit all fungi species except for the C. globosum, while tecquinone merely deterred the growth of R. oryzae (58.9%). Squalene and C1 were growth inhibitors to C. cladosporioides (50-63%).Key words: antifungal activities, deoxylapachol, extractive, Tectona grandis, tectoquinone

Physical and Mechanical Properties of 10-Year Old Superior and Conventional Teak Planted in Randublatung Central Java Indonesia Fanny Hidayati; Joko Sulistyo; Ganis Lukmandaru; Tomy Listyanto; Harry Praptoyo; Rini Pujiarti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 13, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Tree breeding program has been conducted in Indonesia in order to produce more productive teak trees. Recently, from this program, superior clones (clone source) of teak have been selected for the establishment of the wider plantations. These clones show a good performance on growth characteristics such as stem diameter and tree height. However, it is important to evaluate wood quality of selected superior teak. Physical (heartwood percentage, wood color, basic density, and shrinkage per 1% change in moisture content) and mechanical (static bending strength and compressive strength) properties were investigated for 10-year old of two sources type of teak (superior and conventional) planted in Randublatung, Central Java, Indonesia. There was not significant different between superior and conventional teak was found in all physical and mechanical properties of both teak wood, suggesting that wood properties of both teak are similar at the same age. All trees are in juvenile phase as show by increasing of basic density from pith to bark. Basic density has positively correlation with all mechanical properties measured. It can be said that basic density can be used to estimate mechanical properties.Keywords: conventional teak, mechanical properties, physical properties, superior teak

Sifat Kimia Kayu Eboni pada Perbedaan Pola Strip dan Arah Radial (Chemical Properties of Diospyros celebica Bakh. in Different Streaks Pattern and Radial Direction) Muhammad Asdar; Tibertius A Prayitno; Ganis Lukmandaru; Eny Faridah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The heartwood of ebony displayed series of axial and alternating black and paler streaks. Accordingly, ebony from Central Sulawesi was classified in two different streaks patterns i.e. SL (spider web) and batang macis (matches stick). We investigated the chemical properties (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractive content, ash and pH value) of sapwood, intermediate, and heartwood from the different streaks patterns of ebony wood. The mean value of holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluena extractive, hot water extractive, ash contents, and pH value were 76.59±3.02%, 50.62±4.86%, 26.72±3.05%, 9.71± 2.97%, 13.54±1.43%, 0.97±0.32%, 5.56±0.39, respectively. On the basis of t-test, holocellulose, cellulose, and hotwater soluble contents were differed significantly between the two streaks patterns. Analysis of variance showed the radial direction also affected significantly on the chemical contents. The contents of the holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractive ethanol-toluen and ash were significantly differed among sapwood, intermediate and heartwood. The heartwood showed higher levels of cellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluena extractive and ash contents than those of other parts. On the contrary, the lowest levels of cellulose, lignin, and ash contents and pH value were found in the intermediate wood region.Keywords: chemical properties, Diospyros celebica, radial direction, spider web, streaks pattern

Ketahanan terhadap Rayap, Sifat Kimia, dan Warna Kayu Jati dari Hutan Rakyat di Kulon Progo (Termite Resistance, Chemical, and Colour Properties of Teak Wood from Community Forests of Kulon Progo) Ganis Lukmandaru; Mauidlotul Hasanah; Nuridha I Retnaningrum
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

woods from community forests are harvested at young stage with high sapwood proportion. The aim of this study was to measure the variation of termite resistance, chemical, and colour properties for teak wood from two site (Temon dan Kalibawang) with different ecological conditions in Kulon Progo and it is compared to mature woods from Perhutani plantation of FMU Madiun. The results showed that wood from community forests and Madiun were not statistically different with regard to the attacks of dry-wood Cryptotermes cynocephalus termites. Against subterranean Cryptotermes cynocephalus termites, wood samples from Kulon Progo were more susceptible particularly the sapwood parts although samples from Kalibawang showed termite resistance similar to termite resistance of Madiun samples in the heartwood region. The gravimetric determination of ethanol-toluene extractive and lignin content resulted no significant effect of site and radial direction factors. Based on colour properties by CIELab system measurements, samples of Kulon Progo community forests exhibited a lighter colour than those of Madiun. A significant correlation was measured between mass loss and extractive content. Mass loss due to subterranean termite attacks in the heartwood part significantly correlated to colour properties (lightness and redness indices).Keywords: colour properties, community forest, extractive content, Tectona grandis, termite resistance

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