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Photocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat Dichloride using TiO2-Fe Nano Powder under Visible and Sunlight Irradiation Linda J Kusumawardani; Yulian Syahputri; Ani Iryani
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 6, No. 1, May 2020
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Paraquat dichloride, is an active herbicide with the chemical formula [(C6H7N2)]Cl2, and in the last decade became the most widely used agricultural pesticide in Indonesia. It has an important role in oil palm plantations but recently appeared many problems and caused environmental pollution. In this research, the photodegradation of paraquat herbicide using TiO2-Fe nanopowder was investigated. The TiO2-Fe catalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized using XRD and DRS. The characterization results showed that Fe as a dopant on TiO2 produced a small crystal size. This condition can increase the performance of photocatalysis from the area of UV to visible light. Degradation of paraquat dichloride is carried out under visible and sunlight irradiation to significantly increase photocatalytic activity. Decreasing of paraquat content was observed for every 15 minutes and measured by spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The addition of 0.5 gram of TiO2-Fe catalyst to 50 mL of sample solution increased the degradation percent by 98.4% for 75 minutes with a concentration of Fe3+ 10% (w/w). These results indicate that the presence of Fe dopants on TiO2 can increase the photocatalytic activity of nano TiO2 particles from UV light to visible light.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Using TiO2-Fe Under H2O2 Presence by Visible and Sunlight Irradiation Linda J Kusumawardani; Ani Iryani
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 7, No. 2, November 2021
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v7i2.20766

Phenol is one of the essential organic pollutants released into the environment because of its high stability and toxicity. It is harmful to organisms, environment, and posing a serious threat to human health at low concentration. This research investigated the photocatalytic degradation process of phenol using a TiO2-Fe catalyst under visible light irradiation and additional H2O2. The effect of various conditions process was applied, including different catalyst doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g/L), pH (3, 6, 8, and 11), irradiation times (60, 90, 120, 150, and 210 minutes) and the presence of H2O2. The degradation process was studied at an initial concentration of phenol 5 mg/L. This study has been decreasing phenol content (90.51%) with catalyst doses 0.6 g/ L sample solution, pH solution 11, reaction time 210 minutes and H2O2 concentration 30%. This final phenol concentration after photodegradation under halogen light was 0.18 mg/L, while sunlight irradiation was 0.11 mg/L. This result is below government regulation as per Permen LH RI No. 5/2014 i.e. 0.5 mg/L. Therefore, this process possible to remove phenol in aqueous such as industrial wastewater or other resources.

Adsorption Study of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue Dyes with ZSM-5 Directly Synthesized from Bangka Kaolin without Organic Template Ani Iryani; Hadi Nur; Mardi Santoso; Djoko Hartanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Rhodamine B (RB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes adsorption using adsorbent ZSM-5 synthesized from Bangka kaolin were investigated in this study. The effects of the initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were also analyzed. The effect of the initial concentration and contact time played an important role in the adsorption process; however, the effect differs significantly in both dyes. The temperature plays little role in the dye adsorption process. The results showed the adsorption process occurred in ZSM-5 adhere to Langmuir isothermal adsorption model showing that the adsorption process occurred to be monolayer. Based on the kinetics studies, the pseudo-first-order kinetic model represents the adsorption kinetics that occurs for both dyes onto the synthesized ZSM-5. Thermodynamic parameters namely Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard entropy changes (ΔS°) and standard enthalpy (ΔH°) reveal that the adsorption process onto ZSM-5 for both dyes was spontaneous and exothermic.

KARAKTERISASI DAN ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF BAMBU ANDONG TERSULFONASI DENGAN PERBEDAAN UKURAN PARTIKEL Lisna Efiyanti; Angelica Paramasari; Poedji Hastuti; Dadang Setiawan; Novitri Hastuti; Nela Rahmatisari; Ani Iryani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.2.115–124

Karbon memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya sebagai adsorben, katalis, penghantar obat, energi dan dapat diproduksi dari berbagai sumber, termasuk biomassa berlignoselulosa. Salah satu biomassa potensial sebagai bahan baku karbon yaitu bambu. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi dari bahan baku bambu andong untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap karakter dan kekuatan adsorpsinya. Ukuran partikel umumnya berbanding terbalik dengan luas permukaan dan daya jerapnya, sehingga ukuran partikel penting untuk diteliti. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu pirolisis bambu andong menjadi bioproduk karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi menggunakan H2SO4 10N dengan variasi ukuran partikel 60 dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisa proksimat karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi berdasarkan SNI No 06-3730-1995 yang meliputi kadar air, abu, zat mudah menguap, dan karbon terikat. Analisa adsorpsi karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi juga dilakukan terhadap senyawa iod, metilen biru, amonia, kloroform, dan benzena. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter proksimat karbon tersulfonasi yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh SNI. Daya jerap karbon tersulfonasi yang terhitung pada adsorpsi iod, metilen biru, amonia, kloroform dan benzena masing-masing sebesar 421,71-432,50 mg/g; 20,35−21,90 mg/g; 9,55-9,98 mmol/g; 10,16-15,03%, dan 4,63-5,83%. Dari data tersebut, karbon tersulfonasi dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben maupun katalis hijau terbarukan.

STUDY OF REACTION KINETICS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CLOTRIMAZOLE DEGRADATION COMPOUNDS IN ANTI-FUNGAL CREAM PREPARATIONS Cellia Christiana Batubara; Ani Iryani; Linda Jati Kusumawardani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Fungal infections of the skin can be treated with antifungal compounds, one of which is clotrimazole. Under certain conditions, clotrimazole can be degraded to imidazole and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol which can cause skin irritation. This is because the storage conditions of the drug product during or after use if it is not suitable, can interfere with the stability of the drug product. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain information regarding changes in clotrimazole levels, reaction order, reaction constant value, half-life, activation energy, and the possibility of compounds formed after the clotrimazole degradation process to determine the good storage conditions of the product. Clotrimazole levels were tested in the open and closed state of the packaging every day at different storage temperatures for three months. Changes in clotrimazole levels were measured using HPLC every week. In addition, the identification of compounds resulting from degradation was also tested using HPLC every month and continued using LC-MS/MS in the last week. The results of the analysis of clotrimazole levels, there was a decrease in levels but still in accordance with the specifications required by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. The greatest decrease in levels occurred in samples stored at a temperature of 40±2oC which reached 9133%. The decrease in clotrimazole levels followed a first-order reaction with the shortest half-life of 90 weeks and activation energy of 18.9 kJ/mol. Identification of the degraded compounds using HPLC and LC-MS/MS found imidazole compounds and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol in samples stored at 25±2oC and 40±2oC. These compounds can cause skin irritation, but these compounds may not have a serious impact because they have a fairly large body threshold value of 220 mg/kg. This shows that clotrimazole cream stored at various temperatures, both at 5±2oC, 25±2oC, and 40±2oC can still be used for three months after the packaging is opened according to the in-use shelf life.

Characterization of Batik Industrial Wastewater in Bogor City Siti Kholisoh; Intan Wulandari; Ani Iryani; Sutanto Sutanto; Siti Warnasih
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City is the most waste produced from the dyeing process. The batik industry produces waste with concentrated color due to the high concentration of color content from the dyeing process. This affects water bodies as a direct disposal site for waste. Batik waste also has the potential to contain heavy metal compounds derived from the composition of dyes. This will have an impact on the disruption of the balance in the environment around the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize batik wastewater to determine the pollutant content. This research aims to characterize the batik industry wastewater in the city of Bogor by measuring the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, pH, temperature, total chromium content, total phenol content, and sulfide content according to the parameters P.16/MENLKH/SETJEN /KUM.1/4/2019. The results showed the characteristics of the wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City with levels of COD in dyeing waste at 797 mg/L and total waste at 52463 mg/L, BOD levels in dyeing waste at 431 mg/L, and total waste at 238 mg/L. TSS in the dyeing waste is 706.5 mg/L and the total waste is 3679 mg/L, the temperature in the dyeing waste is 26.9 °C and the total waste is 26.3°C, pH in staining waste at 1.62 and total waste at 6.82; the total chromium content in the staining waste was 2.62 mg/L and the total waste was 940.2 mg/L, the total phenol content and sulfide content in the dyeing waste and total waste was not detected. The characteristics of batik waste are not by the established quality standards, so there is a need for processing before the waste is discharged into the environment.

Chicken Bone Based Adsorbent for Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Metals Ion Liquid Waste Uswatun Hasanah; Ani Iryani; Agus Taufiq; Dimas Apryandi Darma Putra
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

High productivity of chicken meat for supplying society also make some impact in high productivity of chicken bone and because itâ€™s unraveling properties makes this become waste. Pharmaceuticalâ€™s Waste comes from production process, adstertion of production tools, laboratory activities and rejected product. Laboratoryâ€™s routine analysis also producing residual waste analysis, one of the source is come from heavy metals analysis of Pb, Cd, dan Hg. General process for waste treatment producing high quantity of sludge, mean while using third party service have impact in high costing of transportation and treatment process. An alternatif way for this case is using sorption treatment. Initial research starts from preparation of chicken bone-based adsorbent and its characterization using SEM and FTIR, followed by quality analysis of fresh waste (which is waste A and waste B) observed at pH, COD, TDS, TSS also Pb, Cd, dan Hg metals. Adsorption process was observed from adsorbentâ€™s graying temperature, adsorbentâ€™s particle size, contact time, pH of waste, and adsorbentâ€™s weight. Best result from adsorption process were applicated at fresh waste and simulation waste of Pb, Cd, and Hg metals also re-testing quality analysis of fresh waste and simulation waste for before-after result comparing purpose. The purpose of this research is for characterizing chicken bone-based adsorbent, observing adsorption process of Â Characterization of chicken bone ash based adsorbent has been carried out in adsorbing Pb, Cd, and Hg metals in pharmaceutical laboratory waste. Functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) showed that the chicken bone ash adsorbent contained the mineral compound apatite carbonate. Surface morphology with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the adsorbent surface is porous and appears to be adsorbing metals. From the adsorption observations, it was found that the best adsorption conditions were at an ashing temperature of 800 oC, particle size of 80 mesh, contact time of 30 minutes, waste conditions at pH 6 and an adsorbent weight of 600 mg. Application chicken bone-based adsorbent against pharmaceutical waste shows its existence improve the quality of waste but still do not meet the quality standard requirements for Hg metal.

KARAKTERISASI DAN ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF BAMBU ANDONG TERSULFONASI DENGAN PERBEDAAN UKURAN PARTIKEL Lisna Efiyanti; Angelica Paramasari; Poedji Hastuti; Dadang Setiawan; Novitri Hastuti; Nela Rahmatisari; Ani Iryani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.2.115–124

Karbon memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya sebagai adsorben, katalis, penghantar obat, energi dan dapat diproduksi dari berbagai sumber, termasuk biomassa berlignoselulosa. Salah satu biomassa potensial sebagai bahan baku karbon yaitu bambu. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi dari bahan baku bambu andong untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap karakter dan kekuatan adsorpsinya. Ukuran partikel umumnya berbanding terbalik dengan luas permukaan dan daya jerapnya, sehingga ukuran partikel penting untuk diteliti. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu pirolisis bambu andong menjadi bioproduk karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi menggunakan H2SO4 10N dengan variasi ukuran partikel 60 dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisa proksimat karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi berdasarkan SNI No 06-3730-1995 yang meliputi kadar air, abu, zat mudah menguap, dan karbon terikat. Analisa adsorpsi karbon dan karbon tersulfonasi juga dilakukan terhadap senyawa iod, metilen biru, amonia, kloroform, dan benzena. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter proksimat karbon tersulfonasi yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh SNI. Daya jerap karbon tersulfonasi yang terhitung pada adsorpsi iod, metilen biru, amonia, kloroform dan benzena masing-masing sebesar 421,71-432,50 mg/g; 20,35−21,90 mg/g; 9,55-9,98 mmol/g; 10,16-15,03%, dan 4,63-5,83%. Dari data tersebut, karbon tersulfonasi dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben maupun katalis hijau terbarukan.

Metal Ion Complex Compound Fe(III) with Pyrazoline Derivative Ligand as Cd(II) and Zn(II) Heavy Metal Ion Sensor Based on Fluorescence Yulian Syahputri; Ani Iryani; Linda Jati Kusumawardani; Shinta Safitri
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 7, No 2 (2022): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v7i2.55419

The purpose of this research is to synthesize the complex compound of ion Fe3+ with para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)benzene ligand and its potentials as the sensor of Cd2+ and Zn2+ heavy metal ions based on fluorescence. Complex compounds are characterized with a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer and Spectrofluorometer. Then, a complex compound fluorosensor study is conducted by adding Cd2+ and Zn2+ heavy metal ions using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Spectrofluorometer. The results show that the synthesis of the complex compound formed by reacting Fe metal and pyrazoline derived ligands generates brown precipitate with a yield of 51.25% and a range of melting points of 252.2-253.2 . The result of characterization with FTIR (cm-1) generates 3380.20 (tertiary amine), 2922.31-2852.42 (C-H pyridine), 2360.38 (C=C aromatic), 1595.93-1451.88 (C=N), 1232.25-982.66 (C-N pyrazoline), 751.61-690.29 (C-H aromatic) and 366.54-339.44 (Fe-N). The Uv-Vis spectrophotometer study with a concentration of 5x10-5 M showed two absorption peaks at 246 nm, 354 nm, and 440 nm. The resulting fluorescence intensity of 813.1 a.u. at the wavelenght of 500 nm. The study of complex compound fluorescence shows that the addition of Cd2+ heavy metal ion can be made as fluorosensor with turn-on (enhancement) type, while the complex compound in the addition of Zn2+ heavy metal ion can be made as fluorosensor with turn off-on (quenching-enhancement) type.

Effectiveness Hydroxyapatite from Chicken Eggshells for Adsorption of Chromium (VI) Metal Ion Electroplating Waste Afifah Nur Ismawati; Ani Iryani; Linda Jati Kusumawadani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2023): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v3i1.7929

The largest source of waste comes from household activities. One of the wastes that comes from household activities is chicken eggshells waste. Chicken eggshells contain 94% CaCO3 and can be used as a source of calcium to synthesize hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by the precipitation method. Hydroxyapatite can be used as an adsorbent material because it has pores, inert, and wear-resistant so it can adsorb dissolved metal ions Cr (VI) contained in liquid waste from electroplating process. This research aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshells and determine the optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial concentration of waste which influence the adsorption efficiency using continuous system column adsorption method with fixed flow rate 25 mL/min. In this study, the metal ions Cr (VI) was chosen as adsorbate because Cr (VI) is the main component in electroplating process. This research started from preparation of chicken eggshells waste then synthesized into hydroxyapatite and characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM that known structure formed adsorbent is hydroxyapatite and measuring the initial Cr (VI) concentration in waste using AAS with wavelength 357,9 nm. The result of optimizing are the optimum pH 5, contact time of 60 minutes, 3,5 gram of adsorbent mass, and the initial concentration of waste is 10 ppm. The analyzed were done for Cr (VI) concentration. The result showed 99,48% adsorption efficiency with final concentration of Cr (VI) is 0,07 ppm. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 3,93 mg/g hydroxyapatite.

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