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All Journal VALENSI Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Ani Iryani
Universitas Pakuan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Study of Reaction Kinetics and Identification of Clotrimazole Degradation Compounds in Anti-Fungal Cream Preparations Cellia Christiana Batubara; Ani Iryani; Linda Jati Kusumawardani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v1i2.4540

Abstract

Fungal infections of the skin can be treated with antifungal compounds, one of which is clotrimazole. Under certain conditions, clotrimazole can be degraded to imidazole and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol which can cause skin irritation. This is because the storage conditions of the drug product during or after use if it is not suitable, can interfere with the stability of the drug product. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain information regarding changes in clotrimazole levels, reaction order, reaction constant value, half-life, activation energy, and the possibility of compounds formed after the clotrimazole degradation process to determine the good storage conditions of the product. Clotrimazole levels were tested in the open and closed state of the packaging every day at different storage temperatures for three months. Changes in clotrimazole levels were measured using HPLC every week. In addition, the identification of compounds resulting from degradation was also tested using HPLC every month and continued using LC-MS/MS in the last week. The results of the analysis of clotrimazole levels, there was a decrease in levels but still in accordance with the specifications required by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. The greatest decrease in levels occurred in samples stored at a temperature of 40±2oC which reached 9133%. The decrease in clotrimazole levels followed a first-order reaction with the shortest half-life of 90 weeks and activation energy of 18.9 kJ/mol. Identification of the degraded compounds using HPLC and LC-MS/MS found imidazole compounds and (o-chlorophenyl) diphenyl methanol in samples stored at 25±2oC and 40±2oC. These compounds can cause skin irritation, but these compounds may not have a serious impact because they have a fairly large body threshold value of 220 mg/kg. This shows that clotrimazole cream stored at various temperatures, both at 5±2oC, 25±2oC, and 40±2oC can still be used for three months after the packaging is opened according to the in-use shelf life.
Comparison of Analysis Results pf pH, TSS, COD and Ammonia in Industry Wastewater with Sparing and SNI Methods Dessy Nur Indryastuti; Ani Iryani; Muhammad Fathurrahman
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v2i2.6342

Abstract

Sparing is a development of sensor technology to monitoring wastewater quality continuously and online, so it can be done in real time. Wastewater quality monitoring carried out in the laboratory using the SNI method still has several drawbacks, including large analysis costs, long analysis time and the use of chemicals that are not environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the differences in the results of the analysis of the Sparing method with SNI on the parameters of pH, TSS, COD, and ammonia in the EWTP wastewater of PT "X" using statistical processing through the F-test and T-test. The research stages include sampling, sample storage and analysis in the laboratory. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the differences in the method of Sparing analysis and SNI are not significantly different to the pH parameters in the measurement range 6.77 - 6.88; TSS in the measurement range 9.486 - 12.343 mg/L; COD in the measurement range of 55.402 - 59.274 mg/L and ammonia in the measurement range of 0.368 - 0.405 mg/L. This proves that the Sparing method can replace the SNI method for routinely monitoring the quality of EWTP wastewater of PT "X".
Co-Authors Afifah Nur Ismawati Agus Taufiq Angelica Paramasari Cellia Christiana Batubara Dessy Nur Indryastuti Diana Widiastuti Dimas Apryandi Darma Putra Djoko Hartanto Esya Juniar Hadi Nur Hery Widijanto Intan Wulandari Linda Jati Kusumawadani Linda Jati Kusumawardani Lisna Efiyanti Mardi Santoso Muhammad Fathurrahman Muhammad Fathurrahman Nela Rahmatisari Novitri Hastuti Poedji Hastuti Sherin Nurhafidza Ahmad Shinta Safitri Siti Kholisoh Siti Warnasih Sutanto Sutanto Usep Suhendar Uswatun Hasanah Yulian Syahputri